Prague is an epicenter of medieval and Renaissance Bohemian culture, art and architecture. Capital of today's Czech Republic, Prague has experienced a vivid evolution over centuries. Origins of Prague begin in the 9th century when it emerges as a significant urban settlement.
Founding & Early History
The area was initially inhabited by the Celts, and subsequently, Slavic tribes settled in the region. According to legend, the city is founded by Princess Libuše, a mythical figure who foresees the city’s greatness.
The construction of Prague Castle in the late 800s further solidifies its status, becoming the seat of the Czech kings and later the Holy Roman emperors. Its strategic location along the Vltava River makes Prague a coveted prize for many rulers through history.
As years progress, Prague grows in importance, particularly in the reign of the early medieval Přemyslid dynasty. The city maintains a busy trade network. Merchants travel far to partake in commerce and society.
In 1212, the Golden Age of Prague begins with issuance of the "Golden Bull of Sicily." It grants the kingdom of Bohemia extensive privileges and recognition in the Holy Roman Empire.
Holy Roman Emperor
In the mid-14th century, Prague becomes capital of the Holy Roman Empire under Charles IV. The emperor envisions a city adorned with grand Gothic architecture, which inspires later construction of iconic structures such as the Charles Bridge and St. Vitus Cathedral.
Under Charles IV’s reign, the city is a cultural powerhouse, attracting artisans and scholars, making it an essential sphere of knowledge and creativity. Manuscript painting develops in Prague in his reign. He also organizes states of the empire into peace-keeping confederations.
The late 16th century is another bright chapter in Prague’s artistic evolution with ascendance of Rudolf II, the Holy Roman Emperor known for open-mindedness and patronage of the arts and sciences. Once more the city reverberates as a site of intellectual and artistic activity.
Rudolf’s court is a magnet for artists, alchemists, astronomers, and philosophers, including figures such as Tycho Brahe and his student Johannes Kepler. This period nurtures an environment of intellectual freedom and creativity.
It gives rise to Mannerism in art, characterized by elongated forms and complex compositions. People who frequent the court of Rudolf II include:
Michael Maier - alchemist, physician, author, music composer
Countess Barbara - poet and medical alchemist
Edward Kelley - convicted fraudster
John Dee - astronomer for Elizabeth I
Michael Sendivogius - alchemist, engineer, discovers oxygen
Thirty Years' War
Prague's cultural ascendancy faces a dire setback in the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), a devastating conflict rooted in religious and political turmoil. The city's involvement begin with the Defenestration of Prague in 1618, which sparks rebellion against Habsburg rule.
The Defenestration of Prague involves two Catholics thrown out a high window in the city. Later defenestrations follow. The brutal Thirty Years' war ravages population and economy, causing artists and intellectuals, like Michael Sendivogius, to flee and abandon their work.
The aftermath leaves an indelible mark on Prague, as the city struggles to rebuild in the war’s wake. Scars are still visible in its architecture and history.
Architecture: Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque
Prague's architecture incorporates various styles over time. The Romanesque period introduces sturdy stone structures, such as St. George's Basilica. The Gothic era adds soaring cathedrals, exemplified by St. Vitus Cathedral.
The Renaissance transforms the city scene with symmetry, proportion, and classical influences reflected in palaces and public buildings. Baroque grandeur brings ornate details and opulent facades, all contributing to the unique character of Prague’s urban environment
Prague’s Astronomical Clock Tower
One of Prague’s most iconic landmarks is the Astronomical Clock Tower (or Prague Orloj), in the Old Town Square. Developed in 1410, this medieval astronomical clock is the third oldest in the world and the oldest still in operation.
According to legend, the clockmaker Hanuš is blinded on order of the Prague Councilors so he can't repeat his work. In turn, he disables the clock, and nobody can repair it for the next hundred years. There's no historical proof of this, but everyone likes a good story.
A marvel of engineering, the clock combines mechanics and attractive aesthetics, featuring a celestial dial, a calendar dial, and various sculptures coming alive at the hour. This masterpiece of medieval engineering still keeps time with remarkable precision.
Prague Castle
Overlooking the city is the majestic Prague Castle, a symbol of power and grandeur. The largest castle complex in the world, it has been the seat of power for centuries, through the many transitions of leadership and cultural shifts.
With architecture ranging from Romanesque to Gothic and Baroque styles, the castle houses important historical artifacts. They include the Crown Jewels of Bohemia and St. Vitus Cathedral.
Non-Fiction Books:
Fiction Books:
READ: Lora Ley Adventures - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series
READ: Reiker For Hire - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries