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History of China: Ancient Days to Space Race
China is the oldest continuous civilization in the world. Its history spans thousands of years including the Yellow River culture,...
Sylvia Rose
Mar 910 min read
11 views


Top Fermenting & Bottom Fermenting Yeasts
Fermentation in brewing transforms sugar into alcohol through the action of a vast colony of one-celled, immotile microbes. Top...
Sylvia Rose
Jan 114 min read
22 views


How Yeast Transforms Sugars to Booze
Yeast is a single-celled fungus essential for fermentation. It transforms simple sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide, a process...
Sylvia Rose
Dec 19, 20245 min read
29 views


Sublimation & the Aludel: Medieval Alchemy
Sublimation is a process of refinement, purification or extraction of specific elements. The aludel, a unique alchemical apparatus, is...
Sylvia Rose
Dec 15, 20245 min read
14 views


Alchemy & Religion
Alchemy through the ages is a science affected by personal spirituality and religion. Rooted in ancient practices, alchemy takes shape in...
Sylvia Rose
Dec 7, 202410 min read
6 views


Andreas Libavius: Science & Controversy of Alchemy
Andreas Libavius (c. 1550-1616) is one of the most influential figures of Renaissance alchemy, active in the Elizabethan era. His book...
Sylvia Rose
Dec 5, 20246 min read
10 views


Zaffre: Vintage Cobalt Blue Glass & Artists' Pigment
Zaffre (zaffer) is a vibrant deep blue pigment developed by alchemists, major pigment creators, by c. 1550 AD. Characterized by brilliant...
Sylvia Rose
Nov 27, 20246 min read
11 views


Flowers of Antimony: Pure Medieval Purgative
Flowers of antimony are a purified form of antimony trioxide (Sb2O3). Created through sublimation, they have chemical and medical...
Sylvia Rose
Nov 25, 20244 min read
23 views


Ammonium Carbonate: Sal Volatile Smelling Salts
Ammonium carbonate [NH4]2CO3 is the main ingredient in Victorian smelling salts. Also called baker's ammonia, sal volatile , salt of...
Sylvia Rose
Nov 25, 20245 min read
15 views


Glass of Antimony: Renaissance Purgatives
Glass of antimony , or vitrum antimonii , gives warm yellow or red hues. As Sb2O3, its use in alchemy is largely medicinal, one of many...
Sylvia Rose
Nov 24, 20244 min read
9 views


Faust: Fact & Fiction German Renaissance
Johann Georg Faust or Doctor Faustus is an alchemist, physician and magician, a cryptic figure of the German Renaissance. Perceived by...
Sylvia Rose
Nov 24, 20246 min read
32 views


Galen: Medical Methods of Ancient Physicians
Galen of Pergamon (c. 129 - 216 AD) is well known in the history of medicine. His extensive writings and theories prevail for over 2000...
Sylvia Rose
Nov 19, 20246 min read
7 views


Mercury II Oxide: Red & White of Alchemy
In practical alchemy, mercury II oxide (HgO) is often called the "Red Precipitate," with its compound Mercuric Amidochloride (Hg(NH2)Cl),...
Sylvia Rose
Nov 18, 20247 min read
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Liver of Sulfur: Alchemy, Metal & Medicine
Liver of Sulfur is a unique compound of alchemy, metallurgy and medicine. Also known as hepar sulfuris or sulfurated potash, Liver of...
Sylvia Rose
Nov 15, 20245 min read
12 views


Pyrometallurgy: Ancient Processes of Modern Alchemy
Pyrometallurgy is the high-temperature processing of ores to extract and refine metals. It uses alchemical processes in a modern...
Sylvia Rose
Nov 13, 20246 min read
11 views


Chalcopyrite (CuFeSâ‚‚): Shining Copper Ore
Chalcopyrite (CuFeSâ‚‚) is vital to the earth's geology. A primary ore of copper, this scintillating mineral is influential to health,...
Sylvia Rose
Nov 11, 20245 min read
12 views


Copper (Cu) Effects on Human & Plant Health
Copper (Cu) and its warm golden red hue is part of humanity. It's one of the most important metals of alchemy , aids plant health and is...
Sylvia Rose
Nov 11, 20246 min read
27 views


Scheele's Green: History's Most Toxic Pigment
Scheele's Green is a rich, vibrant green. Its color appeal surpasses that of the copper carbonate paints of the late 18th century and...
Sylvia Rose
Nov 9, 20245 min read
44 views


Chlorine (Cl): Properties, Hazards & Uses
Chlorine (Cl) is a vital element in nature, used in industry as a disinfectant. Characterized by its highly reactive habits, chlorine is...
Sylvia Rose
Nov 8, 20245 min read
11 views


Potash: Agriculture, Plant & Garden Health
Potash is a mineral group prized in agriculture, health and human life though history. Potash covers various potassium-rich salts,...
Sylvia Rose
Nov 4, 20244 min read
25 views
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