Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) is known for its calming properties. It's a prominent plant in natural health and herbal medicine. Valerian is first used for its healing properties in the ancient Greco-Roman era.
Botanical Description
Valerian is a perennial flowering plant native to Europe and parts of Asia, though it also finds a home in North America. The plant can grow up to 1.5 meters (approximately 5 feet) tall, boasting tall, slender stems adorned with feathery, compound leaves.
In late spring to early summer, valerian produces clusters of small, fragrant white to pale pink flowers. The clusters of blossoms are attractive to pollinators, particularly bees, who need to do a lot of nectar-gathering in a short time. It's also called cat's love for its catnip-like effects.
A Glimpse into Valerian History
Greek physician Hippocrates (c. 460 - 375 BCE) lauds its health benefits, and Galen (2nd century AD) recognizes its soothing properties. In the Middle Ages, valerian is used to treat such ailments as insomnia and anxiety.
Its popularity surges during the 16th century when herbalists recommend it for various nervous disorders. At this time, the work of Renaissance physician Paracelsus, who develops modern methods based on herbal folk wisdom, influences a growth of natural health trends.
17th century astrological botanist Nicholas Culpeper explains the plant is "under the influence of Mercury, therefore hath a warming faculty". He recommends herb and root, saying "the root boiled with licorice, raisons and aniseed is good for those troubled with cough."
"Also, it is of special value against the plague, the decoction thereof being drunk and the root smelled. The green herb being bruised and applied to the head taketh away pain and pricking thereof."
Mythology and Folklore
In some traditions, valerian has magical properties. Its evening blooms are said to attract spirits, and it's often included in love potions. Valerian is sometimes called "all-heal" because of its magical protective qualities. Carrying the root wards off evil spirits.
In medieval Sweden, valerian may be placed in the wedding clothes of a bridegroom to ward off the "envy" of the elves. In medieval times elves have a reputation for causing sickness, accidents, insomnia, nightmares, madness and misfortune.
The five-point star or pentagram is likewise protective against evil elf magic. It's especially effective against the Mare and Drude, both sleep-stealing nightmare bringing entities, and also guards against Schrat attacks.
Essence of Valerian: Essential Oils
Valerian essential oil is extracted from the plant root, primarily through steam distillation. Its distinctive earthy, musky aroma is calming, making it a popular choice in aromatherapy. The oil is used to promote relaxation, reduce stress, and bring restful sleep.
Components of Valerian Essential Oils
The essential oils of valerian are extracted from the root. They contain several key components, including:
Valerenic Acid: This has been studied for its sedative effects and potential to improve sleep quality.
Valeranal: A compound that contributes to the oil's distinctive aroma and potential anxiolytic properties.
Beta-caryophyllene: A natural compound known for its anti-inflammatory properties.
Limonene: Often associated with mood enhancement and stress relief.
Bornyl acetate: a compound also in pine, responsible for the scent of the conifer.
Valeranone: analgesic, expectorant, calming, digestive benefits
Health Properties
Valerian has earned its reputation as a natural sedative due to its ability to promote relaxation and sleep. Its key health properties include:
Sleep Aid: Valerian is often used to manage insomnia and improve sleep quality. It may help reduce the time it takes to fall asleep and promote deeper, more restorative sleep.
Anxiety Relief: Many people turn to valerian to alleviate symptoms of anxiety and stress, as it appears to have a calming effect on the nervous system.
Muscle Relaxant: Valerian may aid in relieving muscle tension and spasms, further enhancing relaxation.
Digestive Issues: Valerian has been used to ease digestive discomfort, particularly when stress is a contributing factor.
The root in its upper part is about the thickness of the little finger, and it has filaments growing within one another — a pale yellow, pleasantly-scented and resembling nardus (mat-grass) in its smell, with a certain poisonous kind of heaviness.
Valerian is given to relieve tension headaches and muscle pain. As a gentle sedative, Valerian has gained recognition for effectiveness in addressing insomnia and sleep disorders, often as a safer alternative to pharmaceutical sleep aids.
Habitats and Growing Conditions
Wild valerian enjoys damp fertile soil near rivers, meadows and woods. It prefers partial shade. It tolerates a range of soil types, but does best in rich, loamy soil. While valerian can be grown from seed, it's often propagated through root division to ensure a healthy plant.
Valerian can be cultivated in home gardens. It needs consistent moisture. Gardeners should ensure the plants receive adequate sunlight and prevent waterlogging. With proper care, valerian can do well in a variety of climates, making it an accessible herb.
It's considered an invasive plant in some regions and is banned in Connecticut, USA. Valerian should never be taken with depressants such as alcohol. If purchasing the dried root, be aware of the wide variation in chemicals from one source to another. Plants grown in rocky or porous soil produce more oil than those of fine earth.
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