Polymers are large molecules made of repeating units called monomers. They're integral to the structure of matter, and occur in synthetic...

Tannins are phenol compounds found in a variety of plants. Their survival strategies in nature produce benefits in wine, food, health...

Esters are organic compounds yielding countless flavors and scents. Their intriguing aromas make them valuable in cooking, perfumery,...

Ethyl acetate is an aromatic compound produced by yeast in beverage brewing, bestowing sweet fruity scents and complex flavor profiles....

Binary fission is the primary method of reproduction for bacteria and other single-celled microbes, commonly explained as a parent cell...

Silvanus is a rustic Roman god of wilderness, fields, livestock, boundaries, music and fertility. His name comes from the Latin silva ...

Wild yeast is a fascinating part of the natural world. Ubiquitous and often overlooked, it's a coveted organism of science, well-known by...

Potash is a mineral group prized in agriculture, health and human life though history. Potash covers various potassium-rich salts,...

The alchemy of perfumes goes back thousands of years. Here are the practical aspects of perfumes in ancient and medieval times, how...

The Scientific Revolution, from 1543 to 1687, transforms human understanding of the natural world. This period involves events and...

A biofilm is a living community of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi and algae. Comprising over 80% of all microbial life on...

Bacteria are responsible for millions of vital processes hidden from our everyday perception. These single-celled organisms are essential...

Gum arabic, also known as acacia gum, is a natural substance derived from sap of Acacia trees, especially Acacia senegal . This sticky,...

Ammonia is a simple versatile compound vital to life on Earth. Here's the info on its formation, historical significance, potential...

Artists and craftspeople have used plant pigments as a source of color for millennia. Works of art and textile dyes using vegetable...

Galls and gall nuts are growths on plants, particularly oak trees, used for a number of purposes throughout history. They form due to...

Rust is a complex chemical reaction from the interaction of iron, oxygen, and moisture. This common phenomenon produces striking colors...

Make non-toxic iron oxide pigments for painting, dyes, glazes, artistic to industrial uses. Iron oxide (Fe2O3) or rust exists on Earth...

Copperas, iron(II) sulfate or green ferrous sulfate, is a versatile compound in various applications, from agriculture to water...

Dyers, coloring professionals, metal workers and gemologists seek vibrant colors and tones since early civilization. The first use of...