Lead acid batteries are found in electric vehicles, backup power systems, golf carts, factory forklifts and more. A notable variation is...

Sulfuric acid is a powerful chemical compound. A colorless, thick liquid with a sharp smell, it's often called the King of Acids due to...

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) evaporate or vaporize easily at room temperature, diffusing into the air we breathe. They transition...

NOx are nitrogen compounds, mainly nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). These gases create serious environmental problems,...

The heliosphere protects the solar system from cosmic radiation. The vast, bubble-like region is dominated by the activity of the Sun,...

The solar wind is a continuous stream of charged particles emitted by the sun. This supersonic outflow of protons and electrons permeates...

Nuclear energy uses the power of the atom, the fundamental constituent of matter. Atomic energy is released through nuclear fission or...

Lithium-ion batteries power many aspects of life including smartphones and electric vehicles. With rapid market growth comes the question...

The world's first carbon-14 diamond battery comes from the UK. Purported to last for thousands of years, it presents a hope for...

Gravity is the invisible force defining the paths of celestial bodies and spacecraft. It affects the way planets orbit and space...

Nerve agents are among the most dangerous substances known. With capacity for mass suffering and death, they disrupt how nerves send...

Magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thrusters use ionized propellants like xenon, argon, and krypton to generate thrust through plasma...

Multi-layer insulation (MLI) creates the shiny crinkled gold and silver foil look on spacecraft and space equipment. MLI helps protect...

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless, odorless gas essential for life on Earth. CO2 is both a natural component of the atmosphere and a...

Mars Curiosity Rover is one of NASA's most ambitious projects, hailed as an optimal feat of science and engineering. Far overreaching its...

Super alloys have unique combinations of strength, corrosion resistance and high-temperature stability. Made primarily with nickel,...

Solar energy and nuclear power are the two major forms of energy in space. Solar panels are familiar on satellites and spacecraft....

De-orbiting is the controlled descent and re-entry of satellites into Earth’s atmosphere. Methods include propulsion systems and solar...

Space debris is human made. It includes discarded rocket stages, defunct satellites and tiny fragments created by collisions and...

Astronauts on long-duration missions rely on water (H2O) for drinking, hygiene, food preparation, and oxygen generation by electrolysis....