Plants have sophisticated systems of communication. Electric signaling is one of the ways plants express themselves. They generate and...

Common mycorrhizal networks form through symbiotic relationships of fungi and plant roots. By enabling communication and interaction...

Plants form complex communication networks. One way they interact is by releasing volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These carry...

Allelopathy is the natural production and release of chemicals, or allelochemicals, by plants and other organisms. It's only one of many...

Plants are dynamic participants in their environments. They sense and respond to stimuli like light, using specialized photoreceptors to...

Microhydro power is a type of sustainable energy production using water flow. Microhydro systems convert water flow into electricity with...

Hydroelectric power generates electricity with the energy of moving water, which is considered a renewable resource. Used for millennia...

NOx are nitrogen compounds, mainly nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). These gases create serious environmental problems,...

Ozone manifests as pale blue gas. The ozone layer, a concentrated region in the stratosphere, protects Earth from damage by UV rays....

Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol , is a clear, flammable liquid with a wine-like odor. It's produced by microbial fermentation of...

Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) transform inorganic phosphorus from insoluble compounds into forms plants can easily absorb. PSB...

Experiments on the International Space Station (ISS) achieve success when astronauts cultivate and eat lettuce in space. With...

Morning glories are easy to grow and fairly low-maintenance. In balcony gardens they need a lot of water and at least a bucket-sized...

The secrets of life are in the double helix. DNA region manipulation modifies entire segments of DNA including multiple genes and...

Genetic engineering, manipulation or modification (GM) makes direct changes to DNA, influencing the characteristics of organisms. It's...

Slime molds dwell in dark, damp environments of decaying matter, like forest floors or compost heaps. They morph between fungi and...

Heat is neutral. It can nurture or kill. With rising temperatures, many world regions already reach lethal levels. Extreme heat is...

Wind turbines use renewable energy, the power of the wind. They transform wind force into electricity. The process is built upon...

Iraq is the place civilization begins. Ancient Mesopotamia emerges in the fertile crescent of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Today a...

Cassava ( Manihot esculenta ), also called manioc or yuca, is a woody shrub native to South America. This root vegetable has significant...