Caffeine is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug. Many rely on its stimulating effects. Caffeine occurs naturally in over...

Black tapioca is the sweet ingredient of bubble tea or boba, a popular drink originating in Taiwan. Tapioca is from cassava root, a...

Fossil fuels, including oil, natural gas and coal, are formed by the buried remains of ancient organisms, under heat and pressure. Fossil...

Mineral oil is a petroleum product with vast uses in health and cosmetics, robotics, food and industry. In 1859 Edwin Drake successfully...

Carbon sequestration capture and store carbon either through biological means or in geological formations. This process, currently used...

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless, odorless gas essential for life on Earth. CO2 is both a natural component of the atmosphere and a...

Bioremediation cleans up contaminated environments using live organisms like microbes, plants and fungi to nullify pollutants in soil,...

Industries use automation and robotics to promote productivity. Along with robot manufacturing advances come environmental concerns....

Citric acid is found naturally in citrus fruits and generated by all living cells. It's used in cuisine, medicine, science and industry....

Carrots are root vegetables with bright pigments and sweet flavors. Their roots are storage vessels for starch and sugar and peek from...

Photosynthesis enables plants to convert sunlight into energy in the form of glucose molecules to support plants and life on Earth....

Root vegetables like carrots, beets or tuberous sweet potatoes are energy reservoirs. The plants store their power underground, packed...

Metalloproteins are biomolecules containing metal ions. From transporting oxygen and cell signals to catalyzing chemical reactions,...

Transition metals are integral to nature, science, health and technology. Common transition metals include iron (Fe), copper (Cu), nickel...

Vermicomposting turns organic waste into nutrient rich compost using the natural inclinations of worms like nightcrawlers and red...

Compost for the garden can benefit from the hidden nutrition of old or flat beer. Leftover brew contains vitamins and minerals to nourish...

Compost is a complex network of life, such as insects and generations of unseen microorganisms. In this earthy metropolis they busily...

Earthworms are movers and shakers of ecosystems. They're essential for the health and fertility of soil. They provide nutrients to plants...

Irrigation creates rich agricultural lands from dry barren earth. For thousands of years, people invent and refine ways to move water to...

Candida yeasts are prevalent in nature, environment, food, fermentation and human health. Over 200 Candida species are identified, most...