Plutonium (Pu) is a synthetic chemical element known for its potent uses and dangers. A heavy, silvery white metal, it tarnishes to a...

Super alloys have unique combinations of strength, corrosion resistance and high-temperature stability. Made primarily with nickel,...

Solar energy and nuclear power are the two major forms of energy in space. Solar panels are familiar on satellites and spacecraft....

De-orbiting is the controlled descent and re-entry of satellites into Earth’s atmosphere. Methods include propulsion systems and solar...

Space debris is human made. It includes discarded rocket stages, defunct satellites and tiny fragments created by collisions and...

Robots are automations in all shapes and sizes, yet they need key factors to function and survive. These include power or energy,...

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries power phones, laptops, electric vehicles, satellites and spacecraft. Rechargeable energy storage devices,...

Particularly solar panels and batteries help provide reliable power for spacecraft and satellites. Without terrestrial resources, space...

Solar panels or photovoltaic (PV) panels are designed to convert sunlight directly into electricity. They're composed of multiple smaller...

Lithium (Li) is a soft, silvery-white metal. Famous for rechargeable batteries, lithium is important to sectors like health and...

The Russo-Ukrainian War begins in 2014. Conflict goes back much further. The war has profound political, social, and economic...

Metalloproteins are biomolecules containing metal ions. From transporting oxygen and cell signals to catalyzing chemical reactions,...

Transition metals are integral to nature, science, health and technology. Common transition metals include iron (Fe), copper (Cu), nickel...

Zinc (Zn) is a transition metal integral to health, environment and technology. It's forged in the crucible of stars through nuclear...

CubeSats are miniature satellites with cutting edge technology and aerospace innovation. They are small units measuring 10x10x10 cm and...

Lunar caustic ( lapis infernalis ), Höllenstein (hellstone) or silver nitrate ( argentinium nitrium ) is esteemed by alchemists of the...

During the Western Renaissance, new exciting artists' pigments appear in brilliant colors, vibrant scarlet red, deep rich blue,...

Early prehistoric use of gold is for religious purposes, ornament or decor. In 1500 BCE, Thutmose of Egypt decrees gold to be used for...

Silver is a precious and magical metal. In common culture silver appears before 5000 BCE. One of the seven metals of antiquity , silver...