Plants form complex communication networks. One way they interact is by releasing volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These carry...

Allelopathy is the natural production and release of chemicals, or allelochemicals, by plants and other organisms. It's only one of many...

Hydroelectric power generates electricity with the energy of moving water, which is considered a renewable resource. Used for millennia...

Lead acid batteries are found in electric vehicles, backup power systems, golf carts, factory forklifts and more. A notable variation is...

Sulfuric acid is a powerful chemical compound. A colorless, thick liquid with a sharp smell, it's often called the King of Acids due to...

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) evaporate or vaporize easily at room temperature, diffusing into the air we breathe. They transition...

NOx are nitrogen compounds, mainly nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). These gases create serious environmental problems,...

Vehicle emissions are the waste material of combustion, including gases and particulate matter (PM). With more than 1.4 billion vehicles...

Ozone manifests as pale blue gas. The ozone layer, a concentrated region in the stratosphere, protects Earth from damage by UV rays....

Biofuels, made from organic materials, promise a renewable alternative to fossil fuels. While the sunny side of biofuel touts its...

The heliosphere protects the solar system from cosmic radiation. The vast, bubble-like region is dominated by the activity of the Sun,...

Morning glories are easy to grow and fairly low-maintenance. In balcony gardens they need a lot of water and at least a bucket-sized...

Plutonium-239 is an artificial isotope in nuclear energy and technology. It's not usually found in nature, produced primarily in nuclear...

Nuclear energy uses the power of the atom, the fundamental constituent of matter. Atomic energy is released through nuclear fission or...

Lithium-ion batteries power many aspects of life including smartphones and electric vehicles. With rapid market growth comes the question...

Clean rooms are specialized environments to minimize contaminants like dust, microbes and other particles. They're perfectly controlled...

Spacecraft re-entry in the atmosphere has consequences. Many survive intense heat and friction through ablation, drawing heat away from...

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP) is in the central North Pacific Ocean. A massive moving marine dump, it accumulates vast amounts...

The Spacecraft graveyard or cemetery in the South Pacific is a disposal site for spacecraft at the end of their lives. Mir space station...

Earth's atmosphere is made of layers, each with certain characteristics and functions. From weather at ground level to the expanse of...