Trace minerals are vital nutrients the human body needs in miniscule amounts. Supporting enzyme functions in processes such as oxygen...

Galactose is a simple sugar or monosaccharide. It's related to glucose, with both sugars produced through the same process. Galactose is...

Polymers are large molecules made of repeating units called monomers. They're integral to the structure of matter, and occur in synthetic...

Probiotics help maintain human health and support environmental balance. Seven major probiotics species benefit human physical and mental...

Cellulose is a polysaccharide or multi-sugar compound, one of the most abundant carbohydrates. Known for its flexible rigidity it...

Phytic acid supports plant health and environmental sustainability. This multi-dimensional compound is vital to nature. Besides...

Lectins and phytates are compounds essential for plant health. In small amounts they benefit humans. Lectins protect plants, often with...

Potassium an essential element with great influence in human health and the natural environment. Here are its scientific properties,...

Noble rot has tremendous impact in winemaking, especially of dessert wines. This dowdy fungus, Botrytis cinerea , is a phenomenon in...

Muscle spasms are involuntary, often painful contractions. They happen for many reasons including stress, body imbalance or dehydration....

Tannins are phenol compounds found in a variety of plants. Their survival strategies in nature produce benefits in wine, food, health...

Flavonoids are plant compounds created to facilitate life of the plant. They produce vibrant colors, scents and flavors to attract...

Flavonoids are natural compounds with color enhancement properties, a plant protection arsenal and health benefits to humans. A large...

Phenols are aromatic compounds important to ecosystems, human health and industry. Their functions go beyond fragrance. They're used in...

Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made of simpler sugars like glucose. They're the essential energy sources of plant and animal...

Starch is in many foods including potatoes, rice, cereals and bread. A complex polysaccharide, starch has vital functions in nature and...

Esters are organic compounds yielding countless flavors and scents. Their intriguing aromas make them valuable in cooking, perfumery,...

Ethyl acetate is an aromatic compound produced by yeast in beverage brewing, bestowing sweet fruity scents and complex flavor profiles....

Hanseniaspora is a genus of wild yeast, notable for flavors and nuances it brings to wine. Hanseniaspora yeast loves sugar-rich...

Terroir is created by unique environmental aspects. Often linked to wine, terroir also influences agricultural products such as cheese...