Melanin is a pigment found in many organisms such as plants, fungi, microbes and animals including humans. Its multiple functions adapt...

Robotics changes healthcare in many ways such as improving patient care, and streamlining operations across the medical field....

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP) is in the central North Pacific Ocean. A massive moving marine dump, it accumulates vast amounts...

Biological warfare is one of the most dangerous forms of attack. Many organisms naturally replicate and spread, while others introduce...

Crude oil and natural gas are often found together in nature, both developing from the same process over millennia. Important energy...

Uruk in Mesopotamia is considered the first true city in human civilization. One of the largest sites of the ancient world, Uruk is...

The Four Holy Beasts (四聖獸), Dragon, Phoenix, Tortoise, and Unicorn, are integral to Taiwanese culture. Each beast represents unique...

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless, odorless gas essential for life on Earth. CO2 is both a natural component of the atmosphere and a...

Tardigrades are micro-animals also called water bears or moss piglets, often found in water drops on moss. Known for resilience, they can...

Citric acid is found naturally in citrus fruits and generated by all living cells. It's used in cuisine, medicine, science and industry....

Cellular respiration enables living organisms to turn food into energy. It revolves around the Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid...

Vermicomposting turns organic waste into nutrient rich compost using the natural inclinations of worms like nightcrawlers and red...

Salamanders can regenerate lost body parts like limbs, tail, eyes, heart and brain. Unlike humans, who can heal only minor wounds,...

Compost is a complex network of life, such as insects and generations of unseen microorganisms. In this earthy metropolis they busily...

Earthworms are movers and shakers of ecosystems. They're essential for the health and fertility of soil. They provide nutrients to plants...

Salmonella is an opportunistic bacterium. Known for its effects on health, it can cause serious foodborne illnesses. All Salmonella...

Nucleic acids include DNA and RNA. They store, transmit and express genetic information in all living organisms. They define human...

Umami comes from the Japanese for "taste," applied to savory flavors. The four basic tastes are sweet, sour, bitter, and salty. Umami is...

Compost is the heart of sustainable gardening. Composting turns scraps into nutritious soil, with help from microbes and other organisms....

Hormones, a term derived from the Greek word hormao meaning to excite or arouse, are signaling molecules sent by cells to influence...