Aluminum is lightweight, strong and resistant to corrosion. The most abundant metal in the Earth's crust, it's used in spacecraft,...

Rare earth elements (REEs) are scattered through the Earth's crust. Coveted by many, they're bargaining chips in world politics. REES are...

Fossil fuels, including oil, natural gas and coal, are formed by the buried remains of ancient organisms, under heat and pressure. Fossil...

Mineral oil is a petroleum product with vast uses in health and cosmetics, robotics, food and industry. In 1859 Edwin Drake successfully...

Lubrication is integral to keep mechanical parts moving smoothly. Robot lube increases performance and lifespan. From mineral oils to...

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are foremost in artificial intelligence. RNNs are used in language translation and speech recognition....

Silver is a lustrous versatile transition metal used from Neolithic times to create ornaments. It's known for antibacterial powers, and...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a powerful force. It enables machines to think and act like humans. From perky virtual assistants and...

China is the oldest continuous civilization in the world. Its history spans thousands of years including the Yellow River culture,...

Carbon sequestration capture and store carbon either through biological means or in geological formations. This process, currently used...

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless, odorless gas essential for life on Earth. CO2 is both a natural component of the atmosphere and a...

Air pollution is an accelerating global crisis affecting millions of lives and ecosystems. Air pollution is contamination of the...

Bioremediation cleans up contaminated environments using live organisms like microbes, plants and fungi to nullify pollutants in soil,...

Bacteria are among the most diverse organisms on Earth. They're found in extreme conditions like high acidity, toxic waste and scorching...

Citric acid is found naturally in citrus fruits and generated by all living cells. It's used in cuisine, medicine, science and industry....

Cellular respiration enables living organisms to turn food into energy. It revolves around the Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid...

Carrots are root vegetables with bright pigments and sweet flavors. Their roots are storage vessels for starch and sugar and peek from...

Astronauts on long-duration missions rely on water (H2O) for drinking, hygiene, food preparation, and oxygen generation by electrolysis....

Photosynthesis enables plants to convert sunlight into energy in the form of glucose molecules to support plants and life on Earth....

Root vegetables like carrots, beets or tuberous sweet potatoes are energy reservoirs. The plants store their power underground, packed...