Space debris is human made. It includes discarded rocket stages, defunct satellites and tiny fragments created by collisions and...

Astronauts on long-duration missions rely on water (H2O) for drinking, hygiene, food preparation, and oxygen generation by electrolysis....

Oxygen makes up 21% of the atmosphere. In the vacuum of space there is no atmosphere. Oxygen is created by electrolysis of water, solid...

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries power phones, laptops, electric vehicles, satellites and spacecraft. Rechargeable energy storage devices,...

Particularly solar panels and batteries help provide reliable power for spacecraft and satellites. Without terrestrial resources, space...

Lithium (Li) is a soft, silvery-white metal. Famous for rechargeable batteries, lithium is important to sectors like health and...

Metalloproteins are biomolecules containing metal ions. From transporting oxygen and cell signals to catalyzing chemical reactions,...

Drone warfare uses advanced robotics technology to inflict destruction in various ways. It represents a paradigm shift in military...

Building robots is a mix of engineering, technology, and creativity. Metals and plastics are the standout choices for roboticists....

Silicone is strongly integrated into modern technology. From kitchen to electronics and self-healing robots, silicone is a human made...

Phytochemicals are chemical compounds created by plants. They can enhance a plant's color, flavor, and aroma and provide defense systems...

Yeast is a one-celled highly complex creature. Its major enzymes maltase, invertase, and zymase help convert sugars into alcohol and...

The Maillard reaction is a process in browning and flavor enhancement for food such as chicken, steak, bread and roast marshmallows. As...

Molybdenum (Mo) is a chemical element of great importance to nature, industry and health. A transition metal, molybdenum is also an...

Phytic acid supports plant health and environmental sustainability. This multi-dimensional compound is vital to nature. Besides...

Lectins and phytates are compounds essential for plant health. In small amounts they benefit humans. Lectins protect plants, often with...

Noble rot has tremendous impact in winemaking, especially of dessert wines. This dowdy fungus, Botrytis cinerea , is a phenomenon in...

Electrolytes are vital minerals like potassium and magnesium. Function or dysfunction of electrolytes affects health of humans and...

Amino acids are organic compounds. They create long chains of proteins and have essential functions in many biological processes. Amino...

Esters and phenols are compounds creating flavors, colors and aromas for sensory experience. Artisans in brewing, perfumery or food must...