Phytoplankton are microscopic plants of the waters. Phytoplankton support marine life, influence climate and health. A diverse group of...

Long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) are nutritional components of human and environmental health. From supporting brain function to regulating...

Acidosis is a medical condition characterized by increased acidity in body fluids like mucus, sweat, tears and urine and sometimes blood....

D-Galactose and L-Galactose are forms of the simple sugar galactose . They have the same molecular formula but differ in structure and...

Lactic acidosis is caused by the way bodies manage metabolism. A progressive medical condition, lactic acidosis is characterized by...

Food acids include citric, acetic, malic, tartaric and lactic acid. They have numerous uses in nature, health and cuisine, each with...

Pectin is a polysaccharide found in nature, cooking and confectionary. A type of fiber, it fortifies the structure of plants and is...

Methane is a colorless, odorless gas. The simplest hydrocarbon, it consists of one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms. It is the...

Methanogenesis or biomethanation, is biochemical process influencing the Earth's carbon cycle. Specialized microorganisms, methanogens...

Acetic acid is well known in cuisine for its pleasantly sour taste and sharp scent. From kitchen vinegar to major functions in...

Lactic acid affects human bodies and the physiology of organisms large and small. From climbing stairs to breaching athletic limits...

Acetate is a short chain fatty acid produced by microbes. In natural processes and biological functions, acetate has many tasks in...

Mannose (D-mannose) is a monosaccharide or simple sugar with many functions in bodies and natural environment. It fortifies cell...

Proteins are macronutrients needed to build and repair tissues, produce enzymes and hormones, and support functions from brain health to...

Peptides are natural compounds used supplementally in medicine, skincare and fitness. Vital components of biological systems, peptides...

Carbon fixation optimizes the health of the environment. By transforming carbon dioxide into organic compounds, this process forms the...

Glucose is a carbohydrate, a simple sugar or monosaccharide. It fuels life and ecology. Made by plants, glucose empowers microorganisms...

The Maillard reaction is a process in browning and flavor enhancement for food such as chicken, steak, bread and roast marshmallows. As...

Escherichia coli or E. coli are a benefit in the microbial world. Many strains are good for human health and the natural environment....

Yeasts metabolize nutrients like nitrogen, biotin (vitamin H) and thiamin (B1) for optimal health in the competitive microworld. They're...