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Earth's Atmosphere: Layers of Dynamic Design
Earth's atmosphere is made of layers, each with certain characteristics and functions. From weather at ground level to the expanse of...

Sylvia Rose
Mar 305 min read
20 views


FSO: Wireless Transmission By Light Beam
Free-space optical (FSO) systems use light beams to transmit data. Known for high bandwidth, security and immunity to electromagnetic...

Sylvia Rose
Mar 294 min read
9 views


Satellite Radio Waves: Type & Function
Radio waves are part of the electromagnetic spectrum, created when electric charges move. Waves travel through space at the speed of...

Sylvia Rose
Mar 284 min read
5 views


Slime Mold: Brainless Wonder & Evolutionary Link
Slime molds dwell in dark, damp environments of decaying matter, like forest floors or compost heaps. They morph between fungi and...

Sylvia Rose
Mar 264 min read
11 views


MPD: Ionized Gas & Plasma Thrust
Magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thrusters use ionized propellants like xenon, argon, and krypton to generate thrust through plasma...

Sylvia Rose
Mar 214 min read
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Magnetic Fields & Space Travel
Magnetism affects the way spaceships and astronauts travel through space. The invisible forces generated by magnetic fields influence...

Sylvia Rose
Mar 214 min read
29 views


Transistors: Function of Switches & Amps
A transistor is a semiconductor device. It can operate as either a switch or an amplifier. Made from materials like silicon or...

Sylvia Rose
Mar 193 min read
5 views


How the Cloud Works - Pros & Cons
Cloud computing provides a variety of services through the internet, such as storage, databases, servers, software and analytics. Instead...

Sylvia Rose
Mar 195 min read
8 views


Build a Basic Robot: Method & Materials
Robotics combines design, construction, and operation so machines can perform tasks automatically. Robots are a wide range of creations...

Sylvia Rose
Mar 194 min read
10 views


Transistors: How Billions Fit on a Microchip
Transistors are semiconductor devices, operating like electric switches. Today billions of transistors can fit on a microchip. Hundreds...

Sylvia Rose
Mar 184 min read
11 views


Microchips: Inner Works & Components
Microchips or integrated circuits (ICs) are based on semiconductors . In every tiny chip are thousands to billions of transistors,...

Sylvia Rose
Mar 165 min read
7 views


Cryptocurrency: How to Buy & Use Bitcoin
Bitcoin is a digital currency launched in 2009. It can be an investment opportunity or method for online transactions. Bitcoin operates...

Sylvia Rose
Mar 143 min read
16 views


AI: Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are foremost in artificial intelligence. RNNs are used in language translation and speech recognition....

Sylvia Rose
Mar 104 min read
10 views


How to Make an Artificial Intelligence System
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a world revolution, virtually nonexistent in public use before the 21st century. Knowing how to make an...

Sylvia Rose
Mar 95 min read
14 views


Bioremediation: Organic Cleanup of Toxins
Bioremediation cleans up contaminated environments using live organisms like microbes, plants and fungi to nullify pollutants in soil,...

Sylvia Rose
Mar 74 min read
26 views


Solar Energy & Nuclear Power in Space
Solar energy and nuclear power are the two major forms of energy in space. Solar panels are familiar on satellites and spacecraft....

Sylvia Rose
Mar 54 min read
32 views


De-Orbiting Satellites: Problems & Processes
De-orbiting is the controlled descent and re-entry of satellites into Earth’s atmosphere. Methods include propulsion systems and solar...

Sylvia Rose
Mar 56 min read
16 views


Food to Energy: Krebs Cycle & Cell Balance
Cellular respiration enables living organisms to turn food into energy. It revolves around the Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid...

Sylvia Rose
Mar 43 min read
11 views


How Spacecraft Produce Water for Astronauts
Astronauts on long-duration missions rely on water (H2O) for drinking, hygiene, food preparation, and oxygen generation by electrolysis....

Sylvia Rose
Mar 42 min read
30 views


Agriculture: Calvin Cycle in Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis enables plants to convert sunlight into energy in the form of glucose molecules to support plants and life on Earth....

Sylvia Rose
Mar 44 min read
21 views
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