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Ozone Gas (O3) & the Ozone Layer
Ozone manifests as pale blue gas. The ozone layer, a concentrated region in the stratosphere, protects Earth from damage by UV rays....

Sylvia Rose
Apr 103 min read
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Ethanol Biofuel: Methods, Pros & Cons
Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol , is a clear, flammable liquid with a wine-like odor. It's produced by microbial fermentation of...

Sylvia Rose
Apr 84 min read
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Biofuels: Creation & the Dark Side
Biofuels, made from organic materials, promise a renewable alternative to fossil fuels. While the sunny side of biofuel touts its...

Sylvia Rose
Apr 85 min read
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The Heliosphere: Radiation & Solar Wind
The heliosphere protects the solar system from cosmic radiation. The vast, bubble-like region is dominated by the activity of the Sun,...

Sylvia Rose
Apr 82 min read
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Solar Wind: Supersonic Tempest from the Sun
The solar wind is a continuous stream of charged particles emitted by the sun. This supersonic outflow of protons and electrons permeates...

Sylvia Rose
Apr 74 min read
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Plant Health: Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria
Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) transform inorganic phosphorus from insoluble compounds into forms plants can easily absorb. PSB...

Sylvia Rose
Apr 73 min read
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Gardening: Grow Beautiful Morning Glories
Morning glories are easy to grow and fairly low-maintenance. In balcony gardens they need a lot of water and at least a bucket-sized...

Sylvia Rose
Apr 64 min read
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Plutonium-239 & Nuclear Power
Plutonium-239 is an artificial isotope in nuclear energy and technology. It's not usually found in nature, produced primarily in nuclear...

Sylvia Rose
Apr 54 min read
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Nuclear Energy: Power & Process
Nuclear energy uses the power of the atom, the fundamental constituent of matter. Atomic energy is released through nuclear fission or...

Sylvia Rose
Apr 55 min read
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Environment: Lithium-ion Battery Recycling
Lithium-ion batteries power many aspects of life including smartphones and electric vehicles. With rapid market growth comes the question...

Sylvia Rose
Apr 54 min read
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Carbon-14 Diamond Battery: Nuclear Power
The world's first carbon-14 diamond battery comes from the UK. Purported to last for thousands of years, it presents a hope for...

Sylvia Rose
Apr 55 min read
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Magnetotactic Bacteria: Magnetic Microbes
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) navigate their environment using magnetic fields. They're found in a variety of saline and freshwater...

Sylvia Rose
Apr 44 min read
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Magnetite (Fe3O4): Magnetic Mineral
Magnetite is a magnetic mineral found in diverse geological settings. Its strong magnetism is an predominant quality. Magnetite makes up...

Sylvia Rose
Apr 46 min read
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Creation of Magnetism in Rocks
Rocks hold within them hidden forces. While not all rocks are obviously magnetic, most carry a subtle magnetic field. It comes from their...

Sylvia Rose
Apr 34 min read
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Gravity: Weather, Pollution & Ocean Tides
Gravity influences ocean tides and shapes the weather patterns. It attracts objects toward one another, causing swollen seas, cloud...

Sylvia Rose
Apr 24 min read
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Gravity: Celestial Bodies & Space Travel
Gravity is the invisible force defining the paths of celestial bodies and spacecraft. It affects the way planets orbit and space...

Sylvia Rose
Apr 26 min read
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Laser Weapons in Modern Warfare
A laser weapon is a type of directed-energy weapon (DEW) using lasers to inflict damage. Unlike traditional projectile weapons, which...

Sylvia Rose
Apr 12 min read
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Space Aerosols: Weather, Health, Ecology
Space aerosols are natural particles active in the atmosphere of Earth. They affect weather patterns, health and ecological balance. Some...

Sylvia Rose
Mar 313 min read
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Spacecraft Re-Entry: Atmosphere & Aerosols
Spacecraft re-entry in the atmosphere has consequences. Many survive intense heat and friction through ablation, drawing heat away from...

Sylvia Rose
Mar 313 min read
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How Spacecraft Avoid Burning Up on Reentry
Spacecraft re-entering Earth's atmosphere must navigate intense heat and friction. Primary defenses against burning up include heat...

Sylvia Rose
Mar 313 min read
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