Magnetite is a magnetic mineral found in diverse geological settings. Its strong magnetism is an predominant quality. Magnetite makes up...

Rocks hold within them hidden forces. While not all rocks are obviously magnetic, most carry a subtle magnetic field. It comes from their...

Gravity influences ocean tides and shapes the weather patterns. It attracts objects toward one another, causing swollen seas, cloud...

Gravity is the invisible force defining the paths of celestial bodies and spacecraft. It affects the way planets orbit and space...

A laser weapon is a type of directed-energy weapon (DEW) using lasers to inflict damage. Unlike traditional projectile weapons, which...

Space aerosols are natural particles active in the atmosphere of Earth. They affect weather patterns, health and ecological balance. Some...

Spacecraft re-entry in the atmosphere has consequences. Many survive intense heat and friction through ablation, drawing heat away from...

Spacecraft re-entering Earth's atmosphere must navigate intense heat and friction. Primary defenses against burning up include heat...

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP) is in the central North Pacific Ocean. A massive moving marine dump, it accumulates vast amounts...

The Spacecraft graveyard or cemetery in the South Pacific is a disposal site for spacecraft at the end of their lives. Mir space station...

Earth's atmosphere is made of layers, each with certain characteristics and functions. From weather at ground level to the expanse of...

Laser communication uses light to send data. It's faster and more efficient than radio waves. The amount of information transmitted is...

Free-space optical (FSO) systems use light beams to transmit data. Known for high bandwidth, security and immunity to electromagnetic...

Satellites, spacecraft and astronauts must communicate with Earth. It's necessary for mission success, data transfer and astronaut...

Radio waves are part of the electromagnetic spectrum, created when electric charges move. Waves travel through space at the speed of...

Wildfires rage through forest, savannah and even urban regions. Frequency and intensity of wildfires increase dramatically as they're fed...

The secrets of life are in the double helix. DNA region manipulation modifies entire segments of DNA including multiple genes and...

Genetic engineering, manipulation or modification (GM) makes direct changes to DNA, influencing the characteristics of organisms. It's...

Slime molds dwell in dark, damp environments of decaying matter, like forest floors or compost heaps. They morph between fungi and...

Crude oil and natural gas are often found together in nature, both developing from the same process over millennia. Important energy...