Super alloys have unique combinations of strength, corrosion resistance and high-temperature stability. Made primarily with nickel,...

Bacteria are highly adaptable and many survive in extreme conditions, like high acidity. Some can function in anaerobic habitats....

De-orbiting is the controlled descent and re-entry of satellites into Earth’s atmosphere. Methods include propulsion systems and solar...

Space debris is human made. It includes discarded rocket stages, defunct satellites and tiny fragments created by collisions and...

Citric acid is found naturally in citrus fruits and generated by all living cells. It's used in cuisine, medicine, science and industry....

Carrots are root vegetables with bright pigments and sweet flavors. Their roots are storage vessels for starch and sugar and peek from...

Astronauts on long-duration missions rely on water (H2O) for drinking, hygiene, food preparation, and oxygen generation by electrolysis....

Photosynthesis enables plants to convert sunlight into energy in the form of glucose molecules to support plants and life on Earth....

Root vegetables like carrots, beets or tuberous sweet potatoes are energy reservoirs. The plants store their power underground, packed...

Oxygen makes up 21% of the atmosphere. In the vacuum of space there is no atmosphere. Oxygen is created by electrolysis of water, solid...

Particularly solar panels and batteries help provide reliable power for spacecraft and satellites. Without terrestrial resources, space...

Solar panels or photovoltaic (PV) panels are designed to convert sunlight directly into electricity. They're composed of multiple smaller...

Lithium (Li) is a soft, silvery-white metal. Famous for rechargeable batteries, lithium is important to sectors like health and...

The Russo-Ukrainian War begins in 2014. Conflict goes back much further. The war has profound political, social, and economic...

Metalloproteins are biomolecules containing metal ions. From transporting oxygen and cell signals to catalyzing chemical reactions,...

Transition metals are integral to nature, science, health and technology. Common transition metals include iron (Fe), copper (Cu), nickel...

Drone warfare uses advanced robotics technology to inflict destruction in various ways. It represents a paradigm shift in military...

Vermicomposting turns organic waste into nutrient rich compost using the natural inclinations of worms like nightcrawlers and red...

Compost for the garden can benefit from the hidden nutrition of old or flat beer. Leftover brew contains vitamins and minerals to nourish...

Building robots is a mix of engineering, technology, and creativity. Metals and plastics are the standout choices for roboticists....