Earth's atmosphere is made of layers, each with certain characteristics and functions. From weather at ground level to the expanse of...

Laser communication uses light to send data. It's faster and more efficient than radio waves. The amount of information transmitted is...

Human microchips are often smaller than a rice grain. In Sweden, implants are already in use for convenience. They unlock gym doors,...

Free-space optical (FSO) systems use light beams to transmit data. Known for high bandwidth, security and immunity to electromagnetic...

Satellites, spacecraft and astronauts must communicate with Earth. It's necessary for mission success, data transfer and astronaut...

Radio waves are part of the electromagnetic spectrum, created when electric charges move. Waves travel through space at the speed of...

Wildfires rage through forest, savannah and even urban regions. Frequency and intensity of wildfires increase dramatically as they're fed...

The secrets of life are in the double helix. DNA region manipulation modifies entire segments of DNA including multiple genes and...

Genetic engineering, manipulation or modification (GM) makes direct changes to DNA, influencing the characteristics of organisms. It's...

Slime molds dwell in dark, damp environments of decaying matter, like forest floors or compost heaps. They morph between fungi and...

OPEC emerges from a morass of political upheaval and economic shifts to consistently influence oil production and pricing worldwide. Its...

Extreme heat is a pressing reality for many parts of the world. Hazardous temperatures bring exhaustion, breathing problems, heatstroke,...

Wind turbines use renewable energy, the power of the wind. They transform wind force into electricity. The process is built upon...

Magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thrusters use ionized propellants like xenon, argon, and krypton to generate thrust through plasma...

Magnetism affects the way spaceships and astronauts travel through space. The invisible forces generated by magnetic fields influence...

Space has a profound effect on the human body. Human bodies, adapted to life on Earth, undergo constant stressors in orbit. Astronauts...

A transistor is a semiconductor device. It can operate as either a switch or an amplifier. Made from materials like silicon or...

Cloud computing provides a variety of services through the internet, such as storage, databases, servers, software and analytics. Instead...

Robotics combines design, construction, and operation so machines can perform tasks automatically. Robots are a wide range of creations...

Transistors are semiconductor devices, operating like electric switches. Today billions of transistors can fit on a microchip. Hundreds...