Acetate is a short chain fatty acid produced by microbes. In natural processes and biological functions, acetate has many tasks in...

Yeast fermentation is a natural process. It transforms simple sugars into energy, producing alcohol and carbon dioxide as byproducts....

Yeast is a one-celled highly complex creature. Its major enzymes maltase, invertase, and zymase help convert sugars into alcohol and...

Mannose (D-mannose) is a monosaccharide or simple sugar with many functions in bodies and natural environment. It fortifies cell...

Saccharomyces boulardii is a probiotic yeast strain in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and other organisms. A variant of brewer's...

Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are tiny molecules, usually fewer than six carbon atoms. They exert strong influences on health,...

Proteins are complex molecules integral to structure, function, tissue and organ regulation in all living organisms. Major proteins...

Proteins are macronutrients needed to build and repair tissues, produce enzymes and hormones, and support functions from brain health to...

Peptides are natural compounds used supplementally in medicine, skincare and fitness. Vital components of biological systems, peptides...

Photosynthesis supports life on Earth. In this process, plants turn sunlight into sugars for energy and provide much-needed oxygen to...

Carbon fixation optimizes the health of the environment. By transforming carbon dioxide into organic compounds, this process forms the...

Glucose is a carbohydrate, a simple sugar or monosaccharide. It fuels life and ecology. Made by plants, glucose empowers microorganisms...

Amygdalin is a compound in the seeds of many fruits, like peaches and bitter almonds. During metabolism, it produces hydrogen cyanide...

Glucose is a monosaccharide important to human and environmental health. It fuels cells and supports intricate ecosystems. Often called...

Starch is a carbohydrate indispensable to food, the environment and plant biology. It's an energy reserve for plants, consisting mainly...

Carbohydrates are essential macromolecules important to human health and the natural environment. They range from simple monosaccharides...

Escherichia coli or E. coli are a benefit in the microbial world. Many strains are good for human health and the natural environment....

Botulism is a serious food-borne illness caused by potent toxin of the bacterium Clostridium botulinum . This neurotoxin can lead to...

Ammonium is an ion integral to biology, ecological processes, agriculture, industry and human nature. Close to its gaseous parent ammonia...

Yeasts metabolize nutrients like nitrogen, biotin (vitamin H) and thiamin (B1) for optimal health in the competitive microworld. They're...