Gnosticism and Gnostic principles emerge in the first century AD, though they're believed to have deeper roots. Many different shades of Gnosticism exist as this mode of thought urges people, with help of writings and teachings, to connect with the divinity inherent in the Self.
Five principles are generally true across the range of belief systems. These can be applied by individuals to ascend to a greater awareness.
Cosmological Dualism
Cosmological dualism, or gnostic dualism, explores the idea the universe is governed by two opposing forces, seen as good and evil. These forces are personified by entities like God and the devil in Christianity, or Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu in Zoroastrianism.
This dualistic view suggests a perpetual struggle between contrasting entities, each vying for control and influence over the world and its inhabitants. At the core of cosmological dualism, dichotomy extends beyond physical manifestations
Existence of the opposing forces can lead to establishment of a rigid moral code, where actions and decisions are defined as inherently good or evil. This shapes the worldview of adherents, guiding behavior and ethical choices based on eternal conflict of cosmic powers.
The concept of cosmological dualism influences perception of existence, the purpose of life, and the ultimate fate of the universe. It prompts individuals to contemplate the balance of power between these divine forces and their ongoing struggle for supremacy.
Strict Asceticism
Gnostics hold a unique perspective on asceticism, evident in various aspects of life. While they are notably inclined towards ascetic practices in areas such as sexual and dietary habits, the approach to morality is more nuanced and balanced.
This less rigid form of asceticism allows people to navigate the complexities of proper conduct with a sense of flexibility and understanding. The Gnostics manage to strike a delicate balance between their ascetic inclinations and the practicalities of everyday life.
By embracing a less rigid form of asceticism in moral matters, they demonstrate a willingness to engage with the world around them while still upholding certain principles and values important to their beliefs.
Repudiation of Material Creation as Evil
Gnostics believe the physical world is a flawed or even malevolent creation, contrasting it with the spiritual realm seen as the true source of divinity. Great importance is placed on gaining understanding of this hidden realm with mystical practices and esoteric knowledge.
The core of their salvation lay in obtaining direct insight into the mysteries of existence, rather than in traditional ideas of sin and repentance. For Gnostics, the path to enlightenment involves transcending illusions of the material and awakening to the deeper truths beyond.
Gnostic texts often explore the nature of reality, the duality of existence, and the quest for spiritual liberation. By focusing on these themes, Gnostic teachings aim to guide individuals towards a higher state of consciousness and a more profound connection with the divine.
Docetism
Docetism is a belief system emerging in early Christianity, suggesting Jesus Christ only seems to have had a physical body, but in reality, he's purely spiritual. This theological stance challenges the traditional understanding of Jesus as both fully human and fully divine.
Supporters of docetism argue the physical world is inherently corrupt and a divine being like Jesus could not be tainted by it. By denying the physical nature of Jesus, docetists call into question Christian teachings such as the Incarnation, Crucifixion, Resurrection, and Ascension.
They claim these events are symbolic or metaphorical rather than literal occurrences. This perspective causes significant theological uproar and divisions within the early Christian community.
Although considered heretical by mainstream Christian groups, docetism has a lasting impact on development of Christian theology. The docetic controversy highlights complexities of understanding and the challenges of reconciling divine and human within Christian doctrine.
Existence of the Divine Spark in Humans
In Gnosticism, the concept of the divine spark is a fundamental belief that highlights the inherent connection between humanity and the divine. This divine spark is often seen as a symbol of the divine essence or a fragment of the ultimate reality present in every individual.
It's believed this spark is what separates humans from the rest of the material world and serves as a guiding force towards spiritual enlightenment. According to Gnostic teachings, the purpose of life revolves around recognizing and nurturing this divine spark within oneself.
By acknowledging its presence and working for its liberation, individuals transcend limits of the material world and strive for a higher state of consciousness. This involves self-discovery, inner transformation and spiritual growth leading to reunion with the divine source.
For Gnostics, liberation of the divine spark from the physical realm is a quest of dedication, introspection and deep understanding of self and universe. Through spiritual practice, seeking and contemplation, individuals can awaken the spark and align with divine existence.
Ultimately, the goal of releasing the divine spark is to reunite with the divine source, often symbolized as God or the Divine Light. This reunion signifies a return to the origin of existence, a state of unity, wholeness, and transcendence.
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