Phytoplankton are microscopic plants of the waters. Phytoplankton support marine life, influence climate and health. A diverse group of...

Long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) are nutritional components of human and environmental health. From supporting brain function to regulating...

Pectin is a polysaccharide found in nature, cooking and confectionary. A type of fiber, it fortifies the structure of plants and is...

Methane is a colorless, odorless gas. The simplest hydrocarbon, it consists of one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms. It is the...

Methanogenesis or biomethanation, is biochemical process influencing the Earth's carbon cycle. Specialized microorganisms, methanogens...

Acetogenesis influences ecosystems and human health. Reducing organic matter by microorganism action, acetogenesis makes acetic acid, the...

Acetate is a short chain fatty acid produced by microbes. In natural processes and biological functions, acetate has many tasks in...

Yeast fermentation is a natural process. It transforms simple sugars into energy, producing alcohol and carbon dioxide as byproducts....

Photosynthesis supports life on Earth. In this process, plants turn sunlight into sugars for energy and provide much-needed oxygen to...

Carbon fixation optimizes the health of the environment. By transforming carbon dioxide into organic compounds, this process forms the...

Glucose is a carbohydrate, a simple sugar or monosaccharide. It fuels life and ecology. Made by plants, glucose empowers microorganisms...

Starch is a carbohydrate indispensable to food, the environment and plant biology. It's an energy reserve for plants, consisting mainly...

Carbohydrates are essential macromolecules important to human health and the natural environment. They range from simple monosaccharides...

Ammonium is an ion integral to biology, ecological processes, agriculture, industry and human nature. Close to its gaseous parent ammonia...

Yeasts metabolize nutrients like nitrogen, biotin (vitamin H) and thiamin (B1) for optimal health in the competitive microworld. They're...

Lignans are compounds found mainly in whole grains, vegetables and seeds. Plants use them as defense weapons against threats like...

Saccharomyces cerevisiae , brewer's or baker's yeast, is undisputed Queen of yeasts. This immobile single-celled organism is popular in...

Trace minerals are vital nutrients the human body needs in miniscule amounts. Supporting enzyme functions in processes such as oxygen...

Galactose is a simple sugar or monosaccharide. It's related to glucose, with both sugars produced through the same process. Galactose is...

Polymers are large molecules made of repeating units called monomers. They're integral to the structure of matter, and occur in synthetic...