Magnesium is an element and electrolyte crucial to life on Earth. As the fourth most abundant mineral in the human body, magnesium is...

Muscle spasms are involuntary, often painful contractions. They happen for many reasons including stress, body imbalance or dehydration....

Amino acids are organic compounds. They create long chains of proteins and have essential functions in many biological processes. Amino...

Tannins are phenol compounds found in a variety of plants. Their survival strategies in nature produce benefits in wine, food, health...

Rennet is a complex set of enzymes central to many cheeses. It coagulates milk to form curds.  The primary enzyme in rennet is chymosin...

Esters and phenols are compounds creating flavors, colors and aromas for sensory experience. Artisans in brewing, perfumery or food must...

Flavonoids are plant compounds created to facilitate life of the plant. They produce vibrant colors, scents and flavors to attract...

Flavonoids are natural compounds with color enhancement properties, a plant protection arsenal and health benefits to humans. A large...

Phenols have both harmful and beneficial effects on human health and the natural environment. In nature they have varied purposes, like...

Phenols are found in the aromatic compounds of plants and synthetic variants. These compounds influence the environment and health in...

Phenols are aromatic compounds important to ecosystems, human health and industry. Their functions go beyond fragrance. They're used in...

Mold is a fungus related to yeast and mildew. In fermentation mold has complex and cultivated functions. It's used in soy sauce, salami,...

Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made of simpler sugars like glucose. They're the essential energy sources of plant and animal...

Starch is in many foods including potatoes, rice, cereals and bread. A complex polysaccharide, starch has vital functions in nature and...

Starch is an energy source for countless organisms. Among the microbes loving this complex sugar is a remarkable group of bacteria...

Esters are organic compounds yielding countless flavors and scents. Their intriguing aromas make them valuable in cooking, perfumery,...

Ethyl acetate is an aromatic compound produced by yeast in beverage brewing, bestowing sweet fruity scents and complex flavor profiles....

Hanseniaspora is a genus of wild yeast, notable for flavors and nuances it brings to wine. Hanseniaspora yeast loves sugar-rich...

Terroir is created by unique environmental aspects. Often linked to wine, terroir also influences agricultural products such as cheese...

Lactic acid fermentation is used intentionally by humans for thousands of years. A common method of preservation, this biological process...