Phytoplankton are microscopic plants of the waters. Phytoplankton support marine life, influence climate and health. A diverse group of...

Fatty acids are components of fats, with significant effects on environment and humans. Long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and short-chain...

Long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) are nutritional components of human and environmental health. From supporting brain function to regulating...

Fatty acids are compounds with strong functions in biological processes of the human body. Found in plants, microbes to the largest...

Acidosis is a medical condition characterized by increased acidity in body fluids like mucus, sweat, tears and urine and sometimes blood....

Lactic acidosis is caused by the way bodies manage metabolism. A progressive medical condition, lactic acidosis is characterized by...

Methane is a colorless, odorless gas. The simplest hydrocarbon, it consists of one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms. It is the...

Methanogenesis or biomethanation, is biochemical process influencing the Earth's carbon cycle. Specialized microorganisms, methanogens...

Acetic acid is well known in cuisine for its pleasantly sour taste and sharp scent. From kitchen vinegar to major functions in...

Lactic acid affects human bodies and the physiology of organisms large and small. From climbing stairs to breaching athletic limits...

Mannose (D-mannose) is a monosaccharide or simple sugar with many functions in bodies and natural environment. It fortifies cell...

Saccharomyces boulardii is a probiotic yeast strain in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and other organisms. A variant of brewer's...

Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are tiny molecules, usually fewer than six carbon atoms. They exert strong influences on health,...

Proteins are complex molecules integral to structure, function, tissue and organ regulation in all living organisms. Major proteins...

Proteins are macronutrients needed to build and repair tissues, produce enzymes and hormones, and support functions from brain health to...

Photosynthesis supports life on Earth. In this process, plants turn sunlight into sugars for energy and provide much-needed oxygen to...

Amygdalin is a compound in the seeds of many fruits, like peaches and bitter almonds. During metabolism, it produces hydrogen cyanide...

Botulism is a serious food-borne illness caused by potent toxin of the bacterium Clostridium botulinum . This neurotoxin can lead to...

Pepsin is an enzyme important to digestion and health. It breaks down protein-rich foods for smooth function of the gastrointestinal (GI)...

Lactase is an enzyme essential in digesting lactose , or milk sugar. A disaccharide, lactose breaks down as simple sugars glucose and...