Hematite, an iron oxide mineral with the chemical formula Fe2O3, is prevalent around the world. Known for metallic luster and red earth color, hematite is popular as a pigment from ancient times. The rich, red hue of hematite can be extracted for art, cosmetics, and more.
Understanding Hematite
Hematite is primarily composed of iron, making it a critical resource. Its reddish coloring comes from high iron content, which produces rich red pigment. This non-toxic pigment can be used as natural dye in paintings, makeup, glazes and even an iron supplement.
The shiny hematite below is from Africa is mineral or crystalline hematite, growing together with baryte (white). These dazzling mirror-like configurations are prized by collectors and pigment-crushers.
On the Mohs scale the mineral is 5.5 - 6, about as hard as glass. Earthy hematite is better used for powers and pigments. It ranges down to a 1 on the Mohs scale meaning it easily falls to pieces.
On the other end of the scale hematite forms the reds of ocher (ochre). The silvery stone can be hard as glass (mineral hematite) or soft enough to scratch with a (finger)nail. These earthy tones appear in shades of silver, grey, brown, red and black.
Hematite can be present in igneous and metamorphic rocks but is usually found in sedimentary beds. This rock forms from direct precipitation out of marine waters, or as a concentration and enrichment deposit from groundwater.
Hematite can appear in various consistencies, compositions and colors. It can be a vivid red stone, the familiar metallic silver hue, deep glossy black or in specular form, below.
Specular or micaceous hematite has a metallic sheen and seems composed of thousands of super shiny mica flakes. Hematite (iron oxide), also known as Alaska Black Diamond has a high sheen when polished and is once used for mirrors.
Materials Needed
To extract red pigment from hematite, gather together the following:
Hematite Powder: buy powdered hematite from mineral supply stores or online. Alternately make it from scratch here.
Mortar and Pestle: To grind the hematite into a finer powder.
Water: For creating a paste or slurry.
Sieve or Filter Paper: To separate the pigment from the impurities.
Bowl: For mixing and storing the extracted pigment.
Heat Source: Optional, to dry the pigment if desired.
Step-by-Step Extraction Process
Step 1: Prepare the Workspace
Before beginning, ensure the workspace is clean and well-ventilated. Hematite dust can be harmful if inhaled, so wear a mask and protective eyewear as always when grinding pigment stones.
Step 2: Grind the Hematite
Using a mortar and pestle, grind the hematite into a fine powder. The finer the powder, the better the color extraction. This can take time, so be patient and ensure the texture is consistent, without large chunks. For some, grinding pigment is a meditative exercise.
Step 3: Create a Paste
In a bowl, add ground hematite powder and a little water to create a thick paste. The amount of water can vary depending on the desired consistency. For painting pigments, a slightly thicker paste is better.
Step 4: Separate the Pigment
Next, remove any impurities from the paste. Using a sieve or filter paper, strain the mixture. This step is crucial as it will allow the smaller, colored particles of hematite to pass through while filtering out the larger, unwanted materials.
Step 5: Dry the Pigment
Once impurities are separated, the extracted pigment can be dried. With a heat source, carefully heat the filtered liquid until the water evaporates, leaving behind a fine red pigment. Air drying is also an option. Spread pigment on a flat surface and allow it to sit until fully dry.
Step 6: Store the Pigment
After drying it, store the extracted red pigment in an airtight container. Remember to label it for future use! This pigment can be used in various applications, from art pieces to homemade cosmetics.
Applications of Hematite Pigment
The extracted red pigment from hematite can be used in several creative ways:
Art: Use it as a natural paint medium for adding red hues to artistic works
Cosmetics: Incorporate it into makeup products for a natural color.
Crafts: Use the pigment in resin art, pottery, or other crafts for vibrant finishes.
Textiles: The pigment can be used to dye fabrics or create prints.
Hematite with lower calcined (heating) temperature tends to generate red. Higher calcined temperatures have dark red to purple color.
Extracting red pigment from hematite opens up a world of creative possibilities with natural materials. This process is not only satisfying but also environmentally friendly. Remember to take all necessary safety precautions, and enjoy experimenting with hematite pigment.
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