Titanium (Ti) is a metallic element. From celestial origins titanium has widespread appeal as the metal of choice for robots,...

Building robots is a mix of engineering, technology, and creativity. Metals and plastics are the standout choices for roboticists....

Salamanders can regenerate lost body parts like limbs, tail, eyes, heart and brain. Unlike humans, who can heal only minor wounds,...

Silicone is strongly integrated into modern technology. From kitchen to electronics and self-healing robots, silicone is a human made...

Compost is a complex network of life, such as insects and generations of unseen microorganisms. In this earthy metropolis they busily...

Self-healing silicone is a regenerative polymer network valued in robotics, where durability and longevity are vital. It revolutionizes...

Dioscorides is a physician of Rome in the first century AD. He serves as a doctor in Nero's army and later writes De Materia Medici ,...

Salt is primarily sodium chloride (NaCl). As a naturally occurring mineral it's known as halite or rock salt. Vital for food preservation...

Earthworms are movers and shakers of ecosystems. They're essential for the health and fertility of soil. They provide nutrients to plants...

Irrigation creates rich agricultural lands from dry barren earth. For thousands of years, people invent and refine ways to move water to...

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been used in fermentation and food processing for thousands of years. The two forms of LAB fermentation,...

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have different ways of metabolizing nutrients depending on species. Homo-fermentation produces lactic acid,...

Candida yeasts are prevalent in nature, environment, food, fermentation and human health. Over 200 Candida species are identified, most...

Salmonella is an opportunistic bacterium. Known for its effects on health, it can cause serious foodborne illnesses. All Salmonella...

Nucleic acids include DNA and RNA. They store, transmit and express genetic information in all living organisms. They define human...

Glutamates enhance flavors like umami, making them invaluable in cuisine. One of the best known forms is monosodium glutamate (MSG),...

Umami comes from the Japanese for "taste," applied to savory flavors. The four basic tastes are sweet, sour, bitter, and salty. Umami is...

Compost is created by billions of microbes in a natural exothermic process of biological oxidation, generating heat to make rich soil...

Compost is the heart of sustainable gardening. Composting turns scraps into nutritious soil, with help from microbes and other organisms....

A sourdough starter is a living mixture of microbes, flour and water giving sourdough its unique flavor and texture. Often called the...