Krausen is a joyful moment in brewing and fermenting. When krausen appears, fermentation is under way. When it falls, fermentation is...

Yeast is a cultured fungus with many hidden talents. A single-celled organism, it transforms simple ingredients into delicious foods and...

Feudalism is a structured system of land ownership and governance in which the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. It includes a...

Pyruvate, or pyruvic acid, is a powerful molecule essential in the energy production of living cells. An intermediate in metabolic...

Yogurt is enjoyed throughout the world, created by the natural industry of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Transformation of milk into yogurt...

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) work to help transform milk into cheese, creating unique flavors and textures. They ferment sugars, mainly...

Glycolysis is a biochemical pathway used by organisms to convert glucose into functional energy. This process happens in single-celled...

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are industrious microbes working to transform ingredients such as milk into cheese and cabbage into sauerkraut...

Binary fission is the primary method of reproduction for bacteria and other single-celled microbes, commonly explained as a parent cell...

Pan is the wild rustic god of shepherds, flocks and music. Originating in Arcadia, Greece, Pan embodies the essence of wilderness. He...

Yeast is a single-celled organism of kingdom Fungi. Immotile yet dynamic and adept, these microbes are a treat to scientists for their...

Yeast and mold are types of fungi, adept at the decomposition of organic matter. They share some similarities but each has a unique...

Cell division is a core process of life in the microworld. Mitosis and meiosis are two types of reproduction in microbes such as algae,...

Wild yeast is a fascinating part of the natural world. Ubiquitous and often overlooked, it's a coveted organism of science, well-known by...

Yeast is a unicellular fungus essential in daily life. This gift of nature is used in baking leavened bread and in food fermentation. Its...

Yeast is a single-celled fungus essential for fermentation. It transforms simple sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide, a process...

Acidophiles, neutrophiles, and alkaliphiles are microbes which prosper at certain pH levels and environmental conditions such as sulfur...

Bacteroides thetaiotomicron is found in the human gastrointestinal tract (GI) as part of the normal digestive system biota, along with...

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a common spore-forming yeast, known better as brewers' yeast. Some strains also release enzymes toxic to...

Killer yeasts secrete toxic proteins. Known as killer toxins, the proteins can eliminate susceptible cells within their own species or...