Fermentation is an easy, ancient process of preservation. Salt is dissolved in natural juice and/or water to make brine. Fermenting...

Pepsin is an enzyme important to digestion and health. It breaks down protein-rich foods for smooth function of the gastrointestinal (GI)...

Enzymes are biological catalysts in functions essential to life. They ensure smooth digestion, fuel cellular activities and help maintain...

Listeria is a genus of bacteria with major effects on human health and the environment. Many Listeria bacteria are beneficial, but...

Lactase is an enzyme essential in digesting lactose , or milk sugar. A disaccharide, lactose breaks down as simple sugars glucose and...

Galactose is a simple sugar or monosaccharide. It's related to glucose, with both sugars produced through the same process. Galactose is...

Lignin is a complex organic polymer essential for plant structure and strength, familiar in human natural health as fiber. This...

Probiotics help maintain human health and support environmental balance. Seven major probiotics species benefit human physical and mental...

Fermenting cabbage to make sauerkraut is a cultural and culinary tradition. This tangy side dish und sausage topping has plenty of health...

Cellulose is a polysaccharide or multi-sugar compound, one of the most abundant carbohydrates. Known for its flexible rigidity it...

Kombucha is a popular wellness elixir around the world. This sparkling beverage with ancient origins promises a range of health benefits....

Electrolytes are vital minerals like potassium and magnesium. Function or dysfunction of electrolytes affects health of humans and...

Amino acids are organic compounds. They create long chains of proteins and have essential functions in many biological processes. Amino...

Flavonoids are plant compounds created to facilitate life of the plant. They produce vibrant colors, scents and flavors to attract...

Phenols are aromatic compounds important to ecosystems, human health and industry. Their functions go beyond fragrance. They're used in...

Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made of simpler sugars like glucose. They're the essential energy sources of plant and animal...

Starch is in many foods including potatoes, rice, cereals and bread. A complex polysaccharide, starch has vital functions in nature and...

Starch is an energy source for countless organisms. Among the microbes loving this complex sugar is a remarkable group of bacteria...

Ethyl acetate is an aromatic compound produced by yeast in beverage brewing, bestowing sweet fruity scents and complex flavor profiles....

Krausen is a joyful moment in brewing and fermenting. When krausen appears, fermentation is under way. When it falls, fermentation is...