Pectin is a polysaccharide found in nature, cooking and confectionary. A type of fiber, it fortifies the structure of plants and is...

Wort is the sweet liquid forming the basis of yeast fermentation in brewing. Made from malt grains, the sugary wort gives yeast a...

Methane is a colorless, odorless gas. The simplest hydrocarbon, it consists of one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms. It is the...

Methanogenesis or biomethanation, is biochemical process influencing the Earth's carbon cycle. Specialized microorganisms, methanogens...

Acetogenesis influences ecosystems and human health. Reducing organic matter by microorganism action, acetogenesis makes acetic acid, the...

Acetic acid is well known in cuisine for its pleasantly sour taste and sharp scent. From kitchen vinegar to major functions in...

Lactic acid affects human bodies and the physiology of organisms large and small. From climbing stairs to breaching athletic limits...

Acetate is a short chain fatty acid produced by microbes. In natural processes and biological functions, acetate has many tasks in...

Yeast is a one-celled highly complex creature. Its major enzymes maltase, invertase, and zymase help convert sugars into alcohol and...

Mannose (D-mannose) is a monosaccharide or simple sugar with many functions in bodies and natural environment. It fortifies cell...

Saccharomyces boulardii is a probiotic yeast strain in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and other organisms. A variant of brewer's...

Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are tiny molecules, usually fewer than six carbon atoms. They exert strong influences on health,...

Proteins are complex molecules integral to structure, function, tissue and organ regulation in all living organisms. Major proteins...

Proteins are macronutrients needed to build and repair tissues, produce enzymes and hormones, and support functions from brain health to...

Peptides are natural compounds used supplementally in medicine, skincare and fitness. Vital components of biological systems, peptides...

Photosynthesis supports life on Earth. In this process, plants turn sunlight into sugars for energy and provide much-needed oxygen to...

Carbon fixation optimizes the health of the environment. By transforming carbon dioxide into organic compounds, this process forms the...

Glucose is a carbohydrate, a simple sugar or monosaccharide. It fuels life and ecology. Made by plants, glucose empowers microorganisms...

Amygdalin is a compound in the seeds of many fruits, like peaches and bitter almonds. During metabolism, it produces hydrogen cyanide...

Glucose is a monosaccharide important to human and environmental health. It fuels cells and supports intricate ecosystems. Often called...