The Spacecraft graveyard or cemetery in the South Pacific is a disposal site for spacecraft at the end of their lives. Mir space station...

Earth's atmosphere is made of layers, each with certain characteristics and functions. From weather at ground level to the expanse of...

Laser communication uses light to send data. It's faster and more efficient than radio waves. The amount of information transmitted is...

Free-space optical (FSO) systems use light beams to transmit data. Known for high bandwidth, security and immunity to electromagnetic...

Satellites, spacecraft and astronauts must communicate with Earth. It's necessary for mission success, data transfer and astronaut...

Radio waves are part of the electromagnetic spectrum, created when electric charges move. Waves travel through space at the speed of...

Magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thrusters use ionized propellants like xenon, argon, and krypton to generate thrust through plasma...

Magnetism affects the way spaceships and astronauts travel through space. The invisible forces generated by magnetic fields influence...

Space has a profound effect on the human body. Human bodies, adapted to life on Earth, undergo constant stressors in orbit. Astronauts...

Cloud computing provides a variety of services through the internet, such as storage, databases, servers, software and analytics. Instead...

Robotics combines design, construction, and operation so machines can perform tasks automatically. Robots are a wide range of creations...

Transistors are semiconductor devices, operating like electric switches. Today billions of transistors can fit on a microchip. Hundreds...

Microchips or integrated circuits (ICs) are based on semiconductors . In every tiny chip are thousands to billions of transistors,...

Semiconductors are materials forming the basis of computer chips. They're used in consumer electronics like smartphones; solar panels,...

Nanotechnology is redefining the way of the world. On a level beyond microscopic, nanotech manipulates matter from 1 to 100 nanometers....

Nanorobots are machines of incredibly small size, about one nanometer or 100,000 times smaller than the width of a human hair. Nanobot...

Aluminum is lightweight, strong and resistant to corrosion. The most abundant metal in the Earth's crust, it's used in spacecraft,...

Cryptocurrency is a revolutionary financial technology of the 21st century. As digital or virtual currencies secured by cryptography,...

Canada's space program includes the Canadarm2, an extendible arm on the International Space Station, and multitalented robot Dextre....

Pakistan is one of the world’s oldest civilizations and a modern nuclear power rising in the world space race. Pakistan's history is...