Lactobacillus is a genus of bacteria significant in food fermentation and human health. Members of the beneficial lactic acid bacteria...

Green coffee is unroasted coffee. The green seeds or "beans" of the coffee cherry are covered in a whitish mucilage, tucked inside the...

Coffee lovers welcome the smooth, rich aroma of the morning brew. The journey from coffee tree to flavorful cuppa Joe is a captivating...

Chocolate is one of the world's most beloved indulgences. The journey from cacao bean to chocolate bar is a series of artful processes,...

Yeast strains and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in artisan baking and beverage production can affect the flavor profile of the product, like...

Yeast is a cultured fungus with many hidden talents. A single-celled organism, it transforms simple ingredients into delicious foods and...

Feudalism is a structured system of land ownership and governance in which the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. It includes a...

Vulcano is part of the Aeolian Island archipelago of Italy. Named for Vulcan, Roman god of fire and metalworking, Vulcano is a unique...

Yeast and mold are types of fungi, adept at the decomposition of organic matter. They share some similarities but each has a unique...

Brownian motion vividly illustrates the appearance of chaos at a microscopic level. This phenomenon, first observed by botanist Robert...

Natural glass gemstones are caused by extraordinary geological events, such as intense heat and cataclysmic impacts. Natural glass...

Nickel (Ni), a silvery-white metal with a lustrous sheen, is a transition element essential to industry and commerce, and known in...

Rotifers are fascinating microorganisms, crucial to aquatic ecosystems. Enthusiasts and researchers can raise rotifers at home for...

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is only one of the amazing bacteria used in biometallurgy. In an age of environmental concerns,...

Lye or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a vital part of human history. Also called caustic soda, lye is a white odorless solid. A strong...

Guar gum is recognized for its unique natural properties in visual arts and crafting. From enhancing textures to creating custom paints,...

Aromatic cold infused oil is a rich artisan tradition of culture and the art of allure. This ancient form of perfume-making connects...

Artists of Renaissance Europe cultivate palettes rich in colors sourced from elements both enchanting and lethal. The Renaissance is...

Spices come from distant lands along ancient trade routes. These commodities bring flavor to food, health and beauty to consumers and...

Gum arabic, also known as acacia gum, is a natural substance derived from sap of Acacia trees, especially Acacia senegal . This sticky,...