Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG, Y3Al5O12), is a synthetic crystal known for brilliance, scientific properties and versatility. From...

Melanin is a pigment found in many organisms such as plants, fungi, microbes and animals including humans. Its multiple functions adapt...

Mineral oil is a petroleum product with vast uses in health and cosmetics, robotics, food and industry. In 1859 Edwin Drake successfully...

Zinc (Zn) is a transition metal integral to health, environment and technology. It's forged in the crucible of stars through nuclear...

Sucrose, commonly known as table sugar, is a disaccharide or double sugar of glucose and fructose. Most sucrose eaten by humans comes...

Homeostasis keeps bodies functioning well. It's the process whereby living organisms like humans control the internal environment to stay...

Proteins are complex molecules integral to structure, function, tissue and organ regulation in all living organisms. Major proteins...

Proteins are macronutrients needed to build and repair tissues, produce enzymes and hormones, and support functions from brain health to...

Peptides are natural compounds used supplementally in medicine, skincare and fitness. Vital components of biological systems, peptides...

Glucose is a monosaccharide important to human and environmental health. It fuels cells and supports intricate ecosystems. Often called...

Electrolytes are essential minerals that carry electric charges. Dysfunction can make them fire off in unwanted ways. Integral for...

Phenols are aromatic compounds important to ecosystems, human health and industry. Their functions go beyond fragrance. They're used in...

Esters are organic compounds yielding countless flavors and scents. Their intriguing aromas make them valuable in cooking, perfumery,...

Whey is a byproduct of cheese making. It comes with nutritional benefits and flavorful culinary options. Explore the production process...

Acetic acid (CH3COOH), or ethanoic acid, is an organic compound with a long history in food, health, science and other applications. This...

Lactic acid (C3H6O3) is an organic acid familiar to humans in food and health. Lactic acid is ten times more acidic than the acetic acid...

Green coffee is unroasted coffee. The green seeds or "beans" of the coffee cherry are covered in a whitish mucilage, tucked inside the...

Yogurt is enjoyed throughout the world, created by the natural industry of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Transformation of milk into yogurt...

Chalk is fundamentally calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and takes hundreds of millions of years to form. This seemingly mundane mineral has a...

Calcium (Ca) is a vital element in life and health on Earth. A silvery white metal, calcium is a strong builder, from bone structure to...