Chocolate is one of the world's most beloved indulgences. The journey from cacao bean to chocolate bar is a series of artful processes,...

Brettanomyces is a wild yeast with domestic traits. "Brett" is found throughout the natural world. Microscopy helps define and...

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) create delicious flavors and tangy textures in dairy products like cheese, yogurt and fermented milk. These...

Yeast strains and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in artisan baking and beverage production can affect the flavor profile of the product, like...

Mold (mould) is a multi-faceted entity, with properties from food enrichment to serious health hazards. Central to survival of mold are...

Krausen is a joyful moment in brewing and fermenting. When krausen appears, fermentation is under way. When it falls, fermentation is...

Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is known as the energy currency of life. Without ATP, essential cellular processes stop. From rhythm of...

Yeast is a cultured fungus with many hidden talents. A single-celled organism, it transforms simple ingredients into delicious foods and...

Pyruvate, or pyruvic acid, is a powerful molecule essential in the energy production of living cells. An intermediate in metabolic...

Yogurt is enjoyed throughout the world, created by the natural industry of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Transformation of milk into yogurt...

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) work to help transform milk into cheese, creating unique flavors and textures. They ferment sugars, mainly...

Glycolysis is a biochemical pathway used by organisms to convert glucose into functional energy. This process happens in single-celled...

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are industrious microbes working to transform ingredients such as milk into cheese and cabbage into sauerkraut...

Binary fission is the primary method of reproduction for bacteria and other single-celled microbes, commonly explained as a parent cell...

Yeast is a single-celled organism of kingdom Fungi. Immotile yet dynamic and adept, these microbes are a treat to scientists for their...

Bacteria and archaea are the oldest life forms on Earth. Both defined as prokaryotes , they are fundamentally different in several ways....

Pyrococcus furiosus is an extremophile first discovered in the boiling hot, anaerobic conditions of the volcanic island Vulcano. This...

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes are the two major types of cellular creatures on Earth. Prokaryotes are among the first life 3.4 billion years...

Yeast and mold are types of fungi, adept at the decomposition of organic matter. They share some similarities but each has a unique...

Cell division is a core process of life in the microworld. Mitosis and meiosis are two types of reproduction in microbes such as algae,...