Sylvia Rose
Metal Smelting & Metallurgy in the Ancient World
Smelting, the art of extracting metal from its ore through heating and extraction, has been a part of human civilization since c. 6000...
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Sylvia Rose
May 208 min read
Thrace - Warfare, Slavery & Music
Thrace is an ancient region of Bulgaria bordering the Black Sea. In Neolithic and Chalcolithic times the seaport Varna and salt center...
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Sylvia Rose
May 95 min read
Electrum: Metal of Money & Myth
Electrum is a natural alloy of silver and gold . In the ancient world, electrum is a metal of superior value due to its hardness and...
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Sylvia Rose
May 86 min read
Enkomi: Bronze Age Trade of Cyprus
Enkomi is among the most important settlements of middle Bronze Age Cyprus. Originally it's situated on the east coast as a prime...
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Sylvia Rose
May 84 min read
Ox Hide Ingots - Bronze Age Trade
Oxhide (ox hide, ox-hide) ingots are popular trade goods during the Bonze Age. An ingot is a piece of metal or other material such as...
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Sylvia Rose
May 75 min read
Urnfield Bronze & Iron Age Burials
Bronze Age burial ruins from the Urnfield Culture are found at Marburg Botanical Garden in Hesse and Franzhausen-Kokoron, Austria. The...
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Sylvia Rose
May 45 min read
Opium Poppy (Papaver somnifum)
Opium poppy (Papaver somnifum) is the common source of opium and derivatives such as morphine or heroin. All poppies produce the narcotic...
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Sylvia Rose
May 35 min read
Oder River: Nature & Early People
The Oder (Odra) River originates in Czechia and flows through several countries before reaching the Baltic Sea. Part of the Amber Roads,...
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Sylvia Rose
Apr 223 min read
Ninkasi: Beer Goddess Mesopotamia
Ninkasi is a goddess of beer and brewing in ancient Mesopotamia. She's cognate or related to Siris and sometimes portrayed as her sister....
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Sylvia Rose
Apr 213 min read
Tjeker Sea People in 12th Century BCE
The Tjeker (Tjekker, Teresh, Taresh) are a seafaring culture in constant conflict with Egypt, and one of the tribal groups named in the...
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Sylvia Rose
Mar 315 min read
Ammurapi - The Last King of Ugarit
Ammurapi is the last ruler and king of the Syrian Bronze Age city of Ugarit. He's a contemporary of Hittite King Suppiluliuma II, the...
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Sylvia Rose
Mar 304 min read
Anat - War Goddess of Ancient Ugarit
Anat is a war goddess and deity of the hunt in ancient Ugarit, Ḫanat and Tanis. In the Baal Cycle she's an ally to the God Baal, battling...
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Sylvia Rose
Mar 275 min read
Baal (Ba'al): Storm God & Love Demon
Baal (Ba'al) is a Bronze Age Canaanite deity whose worship centers on the Levant and the industrious coastal city of Ugarit, north Syria....
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Sylvia Rose
Mar 194 min read
Ka - Life Essence in Ancient Egypt
Ka ( kꜣ ) is part of the human soul, the vital essence of life. When the ka departs the body, the person is dead. Frog goddess Heqet or...
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Sylvia Rose
Mar 195 min read
Magic: Heka & the Ka in Ancient Egypt
Heka is the god of magic and magical power. His name is the Egyptian word for 'magic'. It also pertains to cult practice. Heka (Hike,...
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Sylvia Rose
Mar 144 min read
Spelt Wheat - Bronze Age Grain Crops
Spelt (Triticum spelta) is the hardy hybrid of a domestic wheat and a type of wild goat-grass (Aegilops taschii). First evidence of...
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Sylvia Rose
Mar 57 min read
Horse Burials & Sacrifice: Ancient World
Horse burials are ritual entombment of horses, relating to a deceased human. Horse burials take various forms including cremation, burial...
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Sylvia Rose
Mar 44 min read
Broad Beans (Fava) - Bronze Age Crops
Broad beans (Vicia faba), faba or fava beans are cultivated as a crop from pre-Neolithic times to present day. Among the earliest...
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Sylvia Rose
Mar 47 min read
Hünenburg: Bronze Age European Trade Hub
Hünenburg (Huenenburg) bei Watenstedt is a Bronze Age settlement in Germany. Only the rampart walls and inner ditches remain. In use by...
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Sylvia Rose
Mar 24 min read
Gold-of-Pleasure: Bronze Age Crops
Gold-of-pleasure (Camelina sativa) plant is a member of the mustard family Brassicaceae. By c. 2000 BCE it's a popular crop for lamp and...
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