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Long-awaited crime trilogy Reiker For Hire is now on the virtual shelves in anthology form. The novellas are about 42,500 words each and feature our favorite Victorian era detective, once more embroiled in schemes and murder. The series takes place in 1896 Germany. See also: Victorian Crime - Murder in the Cards Death Cruise - Vacation Gone Bad Spa Life & Murder in 1890s Germany In Death Cruise , Reiker investigates murder and missing tourists on a luxury Rhine cruise. In Hotel of Horror , a derelict resort hotel holds heinous secrets. In Murder in the Cards , a fortune teller predicts murder and hires Reiker to stop it before it happens. Reiker originates in the Lora Ley Fantasy Fiction series, in which he's the only human who knows about the Nyx. Now he's quit his dead end job at the police department and opened his own private detective office in the flourishing town of Mittelstadt. Today's Zazzle Specials   Smashwords Books Reiker For Hire trilogy of novellas takes place in June, July and August 1896. They read best in chronological order but you can read them any way you want. The area we know as Germany is then the German Empire, first unified in 1870-1 under Bismarck. Having lived in Heidelberg and environs in the south of Germany for a while, I really enjoyed writing these novellas, revisiting old haunts virtually, and learning a lot more than I knew. Hope you enjoy them too. See also: Victorian Trends - Stripes to Taxidermy The Mystic Victorian - Fortune Telling German Folklore - Irrwurz or Mad Root Back to Top

Ancient people of Europe including the Germanic tribes were close to nature in all its forms. In shamanic tradition, animal spirits can be helpers or bring qualities such as strength, grace or enhanced senses; and gifts of wisdom or advice. Jump to: Frog Cat Bull In Germanic pagan tradition almost any manifestation of nature is associated with a spirit, specific magic or eldritch entity. Superstitions based on animals include patting your wallet when you hear a cuckoo, for money luck; and tying red ribbons in horses' manes to ward off the malevolent Mare . See also: Animal Spirits: Doe, Magpie, Wolverine Animal Spirits - Goat, Hare, Falcon Animal Spirits - Puma, Butterfly, Dog Animal Spirits - Bear, Stag, Eagle Animal Spirits - Wolf, Mouse, Swan Animal Spirits - Fox, Rooster, Orca Animal Spirits - Horse, Otter, Goose Shaman lore flourishes today. Animal spirits may bring specific gender energies but are helpful to any gender. Totem animals appear in dreams, meditation or daily life. They can be pets, domestic animals, wildlife; mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, insects and any member of the animal kingdom including the dust mites under the bed. See also: Happy Wednesday! Tidbits & Trivia German Myth - Werewolves Sugar Beets, Altbier & First Newspaper Sometimes the smallest physical entity can pack the most punch with special abilities and traits. No one animal spirit is intrinsically more powerful than another. Call up animal spirit helpers through meditation, dance, an image or symbol, or rhythmic music like drumming. Spirit workers can achieve a trance state much like lucid dreaming. With some animal energies, attuning to the rhythm and vibrations time and patience. With others there may already be a connection. 1. Frog - Health, Music, Moon Magic Back to Top The spritely Frog is a wonderful spirit animal, bringing desirable qualities and a peek into the magic of the Moon and Night. Frogs can represent singing and vocal talents, natural health, humor, celebration, mysticism, society and romance. See also: Add Photo: Phone Cases, Tags, Wallets, Playing Cards Angel of Long Point - Abigail Becker Inspiring Words from Shakespeare Frogs have lungs but also breathe through their sensitive skins, taking in oxygen by through the thin surface layer. Some frogs secrete toxins. At one time the skins of Frogs were used for medicinal purposes. Lack of frogs in an area is a sign of poor environmental health. The Frog is associated with Yin or feminine energy, the element Water, the Night and Moon. People with a Frog spirit or totem are intuitive, clever and may have an unusual voice. Frogs relate to the throat chakra. In North America, one who needs to cough or clear the windpipe might say "I have a frog in my throat." Frog people are good team players and work harmoniously with others. Friends they have aplenty. Their lively optimism and bright sense of humor stand out in a crowd. They are dreamers, forward thinkers with a mystical side, and can be impulsive. A Frog person might be in the business of entertainment, health or hospitality. See also: Alchemist Dippel: the Frankenstein Files German Harvest Spirits: Roggenhund (Rye Dog) Reiker For Hire Victorian Crime Trilogy The Frog is also a symbol of fortune and prosperity. In Eastern philosophies the three-legged Money Frog (aka Money Toad) Jin Chan or Chan Chu is placed in a home or business to attract wealth. Jin Chan was a member of the hierarchy of Eastern goddesses. She grew greedy and stole the treasured Peaches of Immortality, thus was turned into a three-legged amphibian. Her energy is said to attract money luck. Sylvia Rose Books on Smashwords Lora Ley Fantasy Fiction Series Reiker For Hire Murder Mysteries Sylvia Rose Art on Zazzle Frogs can also relate to transformation, cycles and change. Hatched from the egg as tiny pollywogs or tadpoles with slim rudder-like tails, they grow limbs and other distinctive features, and lose the tail to become an adult frog. See also: Monday's Muse - Demons of Doubt Famous Women Inventors - Anna Connelly Herbology & Lore: Plantain Plant The Frog reminds us how we change as we grow and our life philosophies and priorities. The Frog spirit may express positive changes coming your way and the natural ability to adapt. Avoid overworking a problem. The Frog attunes to feminine qualities: Yin, the moon and night magic; element Water, linked to the flow of prosperity; intuition and dreams. Frog people are at home with colors green and blue for Wood and Water. Sylvia Rose Books on Smashwords Lora Ley Fantasy Fiction Series Reiker For Hire Murder Mysteries Sylvia Rose Art on Zazzle Frogs are also symbolic of romance, and a person with Frog influence may have a deep romantic streak. This is the type of person who sings love ballads under your window by the light of a full moon, Juliet. In dreams or visions, frogs can mean money, a new romance, or a new level of depth to an existing one. 2. Cat - Secrets, Independence, Patience Back to Top Another Yin energy associated with night magic is the Cat. The Cat is one of the most familiar totem animals and the second most popular pet on the planet (after fish). She can travel the mystic realms, and bring wisdom or messages from from the spirit world, and reveal esoteric secrets. See also: German Harvest Spirits: Roggenhund (Rye Dog) German Myth: Lindwyrm, Mare & Pig Demons Herbology & Lore: Plantain Plant Cat brings heightened awareness. With Cat energy you know when to act, and when to bide your time. The Cat can wait with seeming indifference for a long time, then springs with precision. Cat people are sensual, independent and may enjoy time alone. Like the Puma, the Cat embodies primal emotion. She carries secrets and hidden knowledge in this and other worlds, and teaches the value of observation. In the lore of Egypt it's said a Cat sits in judgment at the end of a person's life. Cats also represent motherhood and nurturing. Excellent parents, Cats are strong defenders of the nest. The Cat loves luxury. She brings qualities of grace, elegance and flexibility. Spirit of Cat also relates to sensual attraction. The Tomcat embodies wanderlust. With natural curiosity, some Cat people love to travel. With their love of comfort, others would rather curl up on the couch at home. Sylvia Rose Books on Smashwords Lora Ley Fantasy Fiction Series Reiker For Hire Murder Mysteries Sylvia Rose Art on Zazzle In Germany and other parts of Europe, Cats may be Harvest Spirits . They're also favorite familiars of witches due to their innate wisdom and understanding of esoteric realms. Like Wolves , Cats embody the wild nature within. While the energy of Cat is feminine, her gifts and traits can apply to anyone. Men who are cat people often have both male and female qualities. Cat people are sensual and graceful. They have an uncanny sixth sense. See also: German Myth - Harvest Spirits German Myth - Harvest Spirits 2 Winter Tales - 4 Novellas Cats take good care of themselves and are fastidious groomers. A Cat person doesn't have a hair out of place - but beware that glint in her eye. Cat people may appear vain or aloof at times, but deep inside they need the snuggles too. Cats like to live in the moment. Play is important for kittens and adults. The cat encourages us to let go of worries, and play awhile. In superstition, a black cat has different meanings. If you see a black cat on your wedding day, it brings a blessing to the marriage. In Japan, for ladies black cats symbolize new romance or a suitor for marriage. In Las Vegas, if a black cat crosses your path you shouldn't go to the casino. Calico cats are lucky for money and good fortune in Japan, and are also auspicious in the US and UK, especially Ireland. Calico cats are usually female with only one in 3,000 being male. In Japan the money cat Maneki-neko is fortunate for wealth. See also: Pretty Poisons: Holly, Yew, Mistletoe Fairy Rings, Moon & Nature Magic Hags in German Myth & Folklore Cats are sacred to the Norse Goddess Freya or Frigg, whose day is Friday . She rides a chariot pulled by two male cats. Cats are fortunate for mystics, dancers, travelers, writers, night people, business owners and mothers. The Cat's Eye gem chrysoberyl can bring luck and insight to people with a cat spirit animal or totem. 3. Bull - Power, Wealth, Virility Back to Top The Bull Spirit relates to physical prowess, financial prosperity and a great sex life. Bull brings an influx of Yang energy. This animal spirit represents the Sun and the element Fire, and is lucky for entrepreneurs, business people, those in positions of influence or power. See also: German Myth - Werewolves Famous Women Inventors - Anna Connelly German Myth & Folklore: Moss People The Bull's Fire association can also pull up deep emotions and cause massive destruction. Bull people have energy to spare but must beware of burnout, and may resort to bullying to get their way. Good leaders if they find balance, they focus on goals and let nothing stop them. Impatience can be their downfall as aggressive Bull energies demand action. Bull may be accompanied by bird spirits such as magpie , blackbird or crane. The common quality of these birds is wisdom. Sylvia Rose Books on Smashwords Lora Ley Fantasy Fiction Series Reiker For Hire Murder Mysteries Sylvia Rose Art on Zazzle Bulls have been symbols of wealth since ancient times. Signs of the sacred Bull or Bull Cult appear in the Bronze Age (3300 BC – 1200 BC) in Crete. In Celtic lore, the Bull is revered as Hu the Mighty, symbol of fertility, strength, the land and the tribe. Today if stock market investors see at least a 20% rise in the index and are confident, we say the market is Bullish, as opposed to Bearish if investor confidence takes a dive. Associated with zodiac sign Taurus , the Bull animal spirit rules the months of April and May. He symbolizes spring and fertility. In German tradition he comes to fertilize the fruit trees at Yule. See also: Amazing Legacy of Alexander von Humboldt German Myth: Lindwyrm, Mare & Pig Demons Great Women Artists - Käthe Kollwitz The Bull is both a great power and a sacrificial animal. In Hinduism the sacred Bull of Shiva is Nandi, “giving delight” or “giving joy.” He's also Shiva's animal form. When the world becomes evil, Shiva destroys Nandi to make way for beneficial change. The Bull is a charismatic person who pulls no punches. Honest, hot-blooded and possibly headstrong, the Bull is a good one to have on your side. At least there's never a dull moment. This person may travel but enjoys a good home life. Bull people are hard to intimidate. If you push, the Bull pushes back. Bull people are competitive and may be found in sports such as football. They can also achieve success as entrepreneurs. Sylvia Rose Books on Smashwords Lora Ley Fantasy Fiction Series Reiker For Hire Murder Mysteries Sylvia Rose Art on Zazzle Bull people sizzle with sensuality and vigor. They have no problem finding romantic partners. As a fertility symbol and Harvest Spirit the Bull is associated with creation and abundance. His horns form a crescent like the moon, his avian companions and star representation in Taurus all link the Bull to both the earth and sky. From native lore comes the saying, "Only Earth and Sky last forever." The Bull is also a sign of longevity. See also: Animal Spirits - Goat, Hare, Falcon Animal Spirits - Puma, Butterfly, Dog Animal Spirits - Bear, Stag, Eagle Animal Spirits - Wolf, Mouse, Swan Animal Spirits - Fox, Rooster, Orca Animal Spirits - Horse, Otter, Goose Animal Spirits: Doe, Magpie, Wolverine Back to Top

Within the shamanic bestiary countless animal spirits and totems arise. An ancestor of the Puma once roamed the fertile valleys and rugged mountains of Northern Europe. A delightful spirit animal, Butterfly defines freedom and happiness. The Dog is a faithful spirit companion, guide and protector. Enjoy a few animal meanings, for beginners to pro shamans. Jump to: Puma Butterfly Dog Practitioners can summon animal spirits through a chant, drumming, interpretive dance, dressing as the animal. Since early pagan history people have worn costumes of animal skins, antlers or horns, or jewelry made of teeth or claws. Draw, paint or sculpt the animal. Imitate its sounds and movement. Wear an animal charm or hang an ornament. Drumming can harmonize with rhythms of the earth and open deeper channels of the mind. The animal might appear in a dream or as an unexpected encounter. It can be a pet or creature of the wild. See Also: Animal Spirits - Goat, Hare, Falcon Animal Spirits - Frog, Cat, Bull Animal Spirits - Bear, Stag, Eagle Animal Spirits - Wolf, Mouse, Swan Animal Spirits - Fox, Rooster, Orca Animal Spirits - Horse, Otter, Goose Animal Spirits: Doe, Magpie, Wolverine Super Specials on Zazzle Today! 1. Puma, Cougar, Mountain Lion - Observation, Female Warrior, Intuition Back to Top The Puma ( Puma concolor ), also called cougar, mountain lion, mountain screamer, panther, dwells in the mountain ranges from Alaska to the tip of South America. An elusive wild cat , the Mountain Lion brings forth qualities of power, wisdom, dominance, observation, and protective magic. Puma is a feminine energy and attunes to the female warrior spirit. Any gender can use this energy when seeking traits of night, moon, Yin, introspection, intuition and self-awareness. The Puma can also cross spiritual borders and is linked to journeying. Sylvia Rose Books on Smashwords Sylvia Rose Art on Zazzle Reiker For Hire Murder Mysteries Lora Ley Fantasy Fiction Series The Puma is the largest of the 'small cat' family, which includes lynx, bobcat and domestic cats. Cougars are more closely related to pet cats than to big cats like African lions. The Puma can't roar but utters unearthly screams in the night. The vocals can relate to the primal scream, the expression of one's inner nature, or manifest a warning of evil afoot. See also: German Harvest Spirits - Roggenhund (Rye Dog) Awesome Art & Artsy Deals German Harvest Spirits - Dragons People with Cougar energy or Cougar totem animal may be found behind the scenes, as the mystic Puma shuns the spotlight. Often sedate on the outside, Pumas are fierce in battle and may have special talents. They prefer to observe quietly before taking action. When they do, it's quick and precise. They may have strong emotions and must work to prevent these from emerging in destructive ways. 2. Butterfly ( Rhopalocera) - Freedom, Romance, Beauty Back to Top Butterflies and butterfly symbolism exist in almost every culture. The Butterfly symbolizes freedom, happiness, beauty, dance, society, art and self-expression, and romance. For single people, if a Butterfly lands on you, whichever direction the Butterfly flies is where your true love waits. Butterfly people bring art and color into life. They may be dancers, seekers and travelers, free spirits, optimists, artists, beauticians, gardeners, social stars. In some cultures butterflies are wandering spirits of the dead, and it's unlucky to harm one. German Myth - Harvest Spirits Germanic Mythology - Brook Horses Wiedergänger - One Who Walks Again The Butterfly can represent metamorphosis and transformation and as a spirit animal can be fortunate for people going through major changes. A dream of butterflies may symbolize positive change or good luck coming your way. The Butterfly also calls upon us to celebrate life and all its beauty. Most butterflies live less than a month in their winged forms. The Butterfly Spirit says seize the day! Those attracted to Butterfly as a spirit animal may be whimsical and occasionally flighty. However, a Butterfly person has a fertile imagination with an aura to beautify any room. You can't hold down a Butterfly person, as one of the butterfly's strongest associations is freedom. 3. Dog ( Canis familiaris) - Protection, Loyalty, Empathy Back to Top For beginning practitioners to high-ranking shamans, the Dog is a helpful animal spirit. The Dog is a friend, a worker, a commiserate soul. Once the Dog spirit appears to you, you can be sure of a long and happy relationship with this animal energy. If you work with multiple spirit animals, the Dog spirit is a lucky companion. Dog people might be attracted to a specific breed or type of dog. Each type of Dog brings special qualities, which perhaps are missing from everyday life. People with a Dog animal spirit or totem are usually socially oriented and value their friends and family. A Dog person never hesitates to help others. The Dog is faithful and can be fierce . Protector of the hearth and winner of the heart, a Dog spirit will stick by you in times of trouble, and bring laughter into your life. Dog people are caring and generous, though some may tend toward jealousy. Dogs and Dog people are great communicators and you'll never have a better friend or companion in life. See Also: Animal Spirits - Goat, Hare, Falcon Animal Spirits - Frog, Cat, Bull Animal Spirits - Bear, Stag, Eagle Animal Spirits - Wolf, Mouse, Swan Animal Spirits - Fox, Rooster, Orca Animal Spirits - Horse, Otter, Goose Animal Spirits: Doe, Magpie, Wolverine

Pagan peoples follow a tradition of nature reverence still active in parts of Europe. Spirits live in trees, water, sunlight, wind. Shamanism (transcendence) and animal spirit work are based on spiritual qualities, wisdom and insight we can apply on the path of life. Jump to: Bear Stag Eagle See Also: Animal Spirits: Doe, Magpie, Wolverine Animal Spirits - Goat, Hare, Falcon Animal Spirits - Frog, Cat, Bull Animal Spirits - Puma, Butterfly, Dog Animal Spirits - Wolf, Mouse, Swan Animal Spirits - Fox, Rooster, Orca Animal Spirits - Horse, Otter, Goose Animal Spirits: Woodpecker, Wasp, Wren 1. Bear Spirit - Power, Longevity, Protection Back to Top The Cult of the Bear is one of the earliest signs of animal spirit worship among ancient tribes, going back to the time of the Neanderthals, and the most widespread. The meaning of the Bear includes strength, longevity, wisdom, journeying and protection. Mama Bear is ferocious. Although a solitary animal, the Bear can bring blessings of strength and longevity to team projects and relationships. Today's Zazzle Specials The Grizzly Bear ( Ursus arctos horribilis ) and other big brown bears have an irrepressible urge to chase fleeing creatures. Grizzlies can run up to 48 km/h (30 mph). Higher speeds have been noted but not officially. Climbing a tree is another futile endeavor. Brown bears and black can all climb trees. If the bear is too big to climb the tree, it might just push it over and there you are, lunch. Perhaps you've heard to run downhill because bears have trouble with the slope. Nope, says US Forest Service. Black and grizzly bears both run downhill as fast as up. Running downhill to escape a bear is an urban myth. See also: German Myth - Werewolves German Harvest Spirits - Dragons Magic of Music & Cats Suggestions to avoid a grizz attack: back away slowly, avoiding eye contact. If bear charges, stand your ground. Bears often feint a charge. If you run it will chase you, and it will catch you. Working with Bear animal spirit can be dangerous because even in the city, the destructive energy of the Bear spirit can prevail. A Brown Bear might travel 20 - 40 m/day (32 - 64 km/day) and loves to roam. Bear energy brings fortune to travelers, explorers and warriors. The Bear asserts dominance. If it can't be the dominant animal in its space, it can get depressed even to death. This is why many bears can't survive captivity. The warrior energy of the Bear infuses fighters such as the berserkers in Old Norse history, who wore animal skins, drummed and danced into a frenzy when going to war. The Bear allows access to deep passions, but brings a warning of overpowering emotions. The bear also has a strong desire to take things apart. Naturally curious, a bear might break up a dead tree to see what's inside. Maybe yummy grubs. Bear energy is innately destructive, a quality sometimes needed if used with wisdom. Bear people may also have a need to take things apart, and neglect to put them together again. On to the next project. The Bear is an intelligent mammal who uses tools such as rocks to break apart stone edges and ledges. Bears also love to rub rocks on their faces as facial massage. This behavior's been observed in wild and zoo bears. See also: Nature Spirits of German Mythology German Harvest Spirits - Roggenhund Inspiring Words from Shakespeare Polar bears don't hibernate, but most other bears do. Solitary male brown bears may not hibernate unless the weather's extreme. Female bears hibernate, and female polar bears take to their dens, as they give birth during this time. When the Bear hibernates, it does more than sleep. The Bear's kidneys shut down and fluids are recycled in its body. All its natural systems are rewired. Because of the sudden physical change, to wake a hibernating bear can be deadly - for the bear. If you have trouble waking up, it may be an influx of Bear energy. Bear people need to awaken in their own time. People who attune to the Bear are capable of great power and monumental deeds. They can be bossy, but have a playful side. Beware of strong emotions such as anger and sudden emotional upheaval or losing your temper. Attune to the wisdom of the Bear for balance. 2. Stag Spirit - Creativity, Mystic, Beginnings Back to Top The majestic Stag is a creature of Faerie light. The Stag represents speed, dance, athletics, blessings of beginnings, leadership and night magic. The Stag spirit can manifest as a social animal, surrounded by a herd, or a loner taking time to find new paths inside and outside the Self. The partner of the Stag is the Doe . The Stag relates to pride and self-confidence. His senses of scent, vision and hearing are optimal. According to Auburn University research, deer can smell up to a thousand times (1,000x) better than a human. Stag energy enhances the natural senses. Attuning to this animal can show the best path to take, and also any danger to beware. The Stag is a social creature but brings a strong message. It's better to be alone than in bad company. Seek company with those who support and strengthen you. Maintain personal independence and avoid being drawn into petty squabbles or bickering. The energy of the Stag rises above all that. Stag imagery is often featured in pagan parades and festivities including the wearing of antlers, hide or skull. Stag energy brings vitality and fertility to relationships, projects, entrepreneurial ventures or life changes. Magic happens in the glow of dusk or dawn. Channels of communication open during cusp times. The Stag invites us to take journey of senses and psyche. This animal attunes to deeper meanings and unseen forces working in our favor. When the Stag appears it's a good time to start a project or romantic relationship or strengthen one you already have. Have faith if venturing into unknown territory, for the Stag is a dependable ally, guide and protector. As creatures of Faerie the Stag and Doe exude qualities of mysticism along with Earth magic. A little lingers in the flattened patches of meadow where the Deer rest and brings an infusion of nature and Faerie magic into materials gathered from or spells cast there. A plait or wristlet of braided grass from a place Deer have lain can help open channels of awareness. The Stag is associated with spring and fall, abundance, romance, fecundity, creativity and sudden flashes of luck or uncanny intuition. People who attune to Stag energy are graceful, quick to adapt and may exude an aura of mystery. A symbol of leadership , the Stag plays to the strengths of hidden skills or knowledge, favoring harmony and calm over chaos and bluster. Stag people have a way of working it out behind the scenes. If this person stands in the spotlight, it may be only in passing, but the moment is memorable. See also: Art is Life - Live With It Save Money & Get It at Zazzle Books & Artsy Deals Deer appear in Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) cave paintings. In Roman mythology Deer are sacred to Diana the Huntress; in Greek, Artemis. Deer appear in folklore around the globe. In Turkic mythology Deer are associated with wisdom, agility, fertility and the supernatural. In one of the Jataka tales of India, 4th century BC, the Buddha reincarnates as a deer. The story has many versions and highlights the virtues of empathy, compassion and karma. Sylvia Rose Books on Smashwords Sylvia Rose Art on Zazzle Reiker For Hire Murder Mysteries Lora Ley Fantasy Fiction Series 3. Eagle Spirit - Intellect, Freedom, Perspective Back to Top The Eagle soars high above the earth, keen eyesight taking in every detail, yet attuned to the bigger picture. Esteemed in cultures throughout the world, the Eagle is a spirit of freedom, pride, achievement, visionary talents or skills. Today's Zazzle Specials In nature, Eagles are apex predators of the air. They're the biggest raptor, with the exception of some vultures, making them the largest birds of prey. With keen eyesight about twice that of humans, they're aware of minute details beyond the scope of ordinary vision. Eagles know how to save energy. In storms they are able to ride the wind currents and may seem to fly above the clouds. These birds also represent illusions, or events needing a closer look. Eagles mate for life , with an elaborate courtship ritual. A dream or vision of eagles can be associated with an enduring relationship or marriage. It can also mean a rise in personal power or a vision of prophecy. The nest or aerie is huge and messy, made by both the male and female. They use the same nest for years, building it into an apartment house ecosystem. Mice and other animals move in. They're too small for Eagles to bother with thus live in the protection of the Eagle's shadow. See also: Winter Tales - 4 Novellas Song of the Loreley Great Women Artists - Käthe Kollwitz A bird of the Sun, the Eagle brings gifts of progress, illumination and success. The Sun and Eagle equate with Yang energy and the element Fire. Eagle people can reach bold heights of achievement. They are thinkers and dreamers blessed with solar power. The Eagle relates to intellect and academic honor, as well as focus and perspective. Eagle energy stops a person from being self-absorbed, and asks us to look beyond the obvious. One who works with Eagle energy can rise above the rest in tests of intellect and agility. One with an Eagle totem may work in a position of responsibility but may not always be comfortable with a leadership role. These people have no problem working alone. They are conscientious, adept and precise. They may be pilots, prophets or scientists. They often have grand ideas and the ability to carry them through. The Eagle personality can rise to amazing heights. See also: German Myth - Harvest Spirits 2 3 Great German Artists for Art Lovers Murder Most Foul x 3 Eagles have only a 20-30% success rate when catching prey. People with an Eagle totem or animal spirit are not quitters and ultimately succeed in their endeavors. In indigenous lore, a white eagle feather symbolizes respect, honor, strength, courage and wisdom. Eagles love their freedom and Eagle people have high standards for themselves and others. Working with Eagle energy can bring you to an elevated position, as in a promotion, financial raise, enlightenment or rising social status. See Also: Animal Spirits: Doe, Magpie, Wolverine Animal Spirits - Goat, Hare, Falcon Animal Spirits - Frog, Cat, Bull Animal Spirits - Puma, Butterfly, Dog Animal Spirits - Wolf, Mouse, Swan Animal Spirits - Fox, Rooster, Orca Animal Spirits - Horse, Otter, Goose Animal Spirits: Woodpecker, Wasp, Wren Back to Top

Among the most endearing attractions of Heidelberg is the Bronze Monkey or Bridge Monkey . Much of the action in Death Cruise , the first Reiker For Hire novella, takes place in 19th century Heidelberg Germany, a place I called home for a while in the 20th century. READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Heidelberg - Dueling Scars, Jail & Beer Death Cruise - Vacation Gone Bad Victorian Health: Sea Water Hydrotherapy The river Neckar flows through Heidelberg. Neckar means 'wild one' or 'wild fellow', named by Celts who lived here during the Iron Age. The river begins in the Black Forest and flows north to join the Rhine at Mannheim. The term can also refer to water nixies of myth, regionally called Nekk, Neck or nyx. READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series By the old bridge ( Alte Brücke ) of Heidelberg is a bronze statue, a monkey with a mirror. The story goes back to the 15th century. A bridge tower is built to intimidate enemies. The original stone monkey inside the tower, holding a copper mirror, is intended as a mockery. Copper: Ruddy Metal of Myth & Magic Haruspices in History: The Gut Readers Night Raven (Nachtkrapp) Germania Built in 1788, the current arched bridge is constructed of red sandstone from the Neckar, the river it spans. It's about 22 ft (6.7 m) high. Several bridges have graced the river there, beginning with a Roman pile bridge in the first century AD. It's followed by a stone construction in about 200 AD. When that collapses, the Neckar is without a bridge for over a thousand years. Since the 13th century, eight bridges have been constructed on the site. That's a lot of bridges. Edelweiss: Alpine Flower of True Love Elderberry Tree: Germanic Nature Lore Song of the Loreley - Lethal Attraction The previous stone statue of the monkey bared his bum to the Bishops of Mainz with a very rude gesture. In the Nine Years' War ( 1688 - 1697), t he French destroyed the stone monkey and bridge tower. An engraved poem by Martin Zeiller , also 17th century, remains. “Why are you staring at me? Haven’t you seen the old monkey in Heidelberg? Look around and you probably will see – more monkeys like me!” Great Persecution Rome vs. Christianity Ornithomancy - Prophecy by the Birds Casting the Bones - Astragalomancy In the modern bronze version by German sculptor Gernot Rumpf, the monkey makes a gesture to ward off the evil eye. Created as a political statement centuries ago, now a popular tourist attraction, the Bridge Monkey encourages self-reflection. Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Liver of Sulfur is a unique compound of alchemy, metallurgy and medicine. Also known as hepar sulfuris or sulfurated potash, Liver of Sulfur is a mixture of several potassium sulfur compounds. Varieties include "potassic liver of sulfur" and "ammoniacal liver of sulfur." Pyrometallurgy: Ancient Processes of Modern Alchemy Biometallurgy: Microbes Mining Metals Diana's Tree: Silver Crystals of Lunar Caustic What is Liver of Sulfur? Liver of Sulfur is a sulfurous compound historically emerging in metalworking and alchemy. It's used for various tasks ranging from patinating metals to medicinal applications. Its name is derived from the reddish brown color resembling that of a liver. Liver of Sulfur in History Liver of Sulfur is a substance of ancient and modern practical alchemy, often used to color metals. In the Middle Ages, it's lauded for ascribed therapeutic qualities, believed to treat ailments by purging impurities and toxins. In medieval Europe purging is a common practice. Powder of Algaroth: Antimony Oxychloride Purgative Chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂): Shining Copper Ore Alchemy: Processes Used by Alchemists By the 16th century, references to sulfurated potash appear in texts by figures like Paracelsus , who revolutionizes medical practices by using chemicals in medicine. He also introduces botanical alchemy or Spagyria . Paracelsus mentions Liver of Sulfur as "a sulfur of the mind". Liver of Sulfur is primarily used in alchemy and metalworking to create a brown or black patina on copper and silver, as well as copper and silver alloys, although not all. For example brass, a copper zinc alloy, does not react with sulfur compounds). In the medieval period, artisans apply it to silver and gold, achieving rich colors and intricate patinas. An example is the black patina forming on silver when treated with liver of sulfur, often seen in fine jewelry. Alchemists of Ancient Alexandria Famous Women of Renaissance Alchemy Metal to Rust: Unseen Organisms in Action It's most popular as a yellow or red-brown brittle solid referred to as a "lump" or bolus, which is mixed with water before application. It's also sold as a pre-mixed liquid, and a gel. While the solid form is believed to have the longest shelf life, all Liver of Sulfur degrades over time. Modern gel formulations incorporate stabilizers to prolong their reactivity. Proper storage conditions, such as keeping Liver of Sulfur dry, sealed from air, away from light, and in a freezer, can significantly extend its lifespan compared to other storage methods. Properties & Characteristics Liver of sulfur is characterized by its strong, pungent odor and ability to dissolve in water, forming a deep, dark solution. When thus hydrated it releases sulfide ions. One of its most significant features is its role as a strong reducing agent. Molybdochalkos: Nigredo Black Lead of Maria Copper (Cu): Ruddy Metal of Myth & Magic Haruspices in History: The Gut Readers It can promote certain chemical reactions while inhibiting others. This trait is valuable in metallurgy and medicine. For instance, when Liver of Sulfur interacts with silver, it forms silver sulfide, which makes the blackish patina favored among jewelers to bring out a design or otherwise color the metal. This not only enhances the aesthetic value of the metal but can also protect it from tarnishing. The compound is highly soluble in water, especially in potassic form. How Liver of Sulfur is Made The traditional method of producing Liver of Sulfur involves the reaction of potassium carbonate with sulfur in a high-temperature setting, typically done in a kiln. The result may vary based on temperature, reactants, and conditions. Lead: Death Metal of Metallurgy Metal & Gemstone Dyeing in Alchemy Magic Metals, Gold, Smiths & Alchemists Potassic Liver of Sulfur is formed primarily through the interaction of potassium compounds with sulfur. Ammoniacal Liver of Sulfur incorporates ammonia into the process, causing variations in composition and potential applications. Historically, Liver of Sulfur is made by heating potassium carbonate or potassium sulfate with sulfur. This method of alchemy blends heat and elements to create this unique compound. Modern synthesis involves dissolving potassium sulfide in water. This reaction leads to the formation of potassium polysulfides and thiosulfates. The solution can be concentrated further to obtain the desired forms of Liver of Sulfur. Or, it can be purchased online and at craft stores. Cornstarch: Cuisine, Beauty, Cleaning Uses Smelting Metals: Metalwork & Alchemy Scheele's Green: History's Most Toxic Pigment Liver of Sulfur Use in Medicine Historically, liver of sulfur has various medicinal uses. It's used in traditional folk medicine and homeopathy primarily as a treatment for skin conditions, such as eczema and psoriasis, as well as respiratory ailments. Its antiseptic properties make it useful for cleansing wounds and treating infections. Liver of Sulfur is also used for its purported ability to detoxify the body by purging sulfur compounds. It's given to treat skin infections, acne and other skin conditions due to its sulfur content. Liver of Sulfur can inhibit growth of harmful bacteria, lending effectiveness to various topical treatments. Its potential for conditions such as arthritis have been tested. Modern medicine has largely moved away from the use of Liver of Sulfur due to toxicity. Pill of Immortality: Chinese Alchemy Lye (NaOH): Caustic Soda for Soap & Glass Potash: Agriculture, Plant & Garden Health Liver of Sulfur Toxicity While Liver of Sulfur has uses, its components can cause discomfort or illness if ingested, inhaled, or in contact with skin in high concentrations. Symptoms of toxicity include headache, nausea, vomiting and respiratory problems. Other Uses in History or Modern Day Beyond historical medicinal applications, Liver of Sulfur is widely recognized in modern metallurgy and jewelry-making for its role in patinating metals. Creating patinas, gilding, coloring or plating metals are all alchemical skills by the early centuries AD. Artisans today use it to create a variety of finishes and unique decorative effects on silver and other metals. Due to Its ability to adjust metal coloration and its intriguing color reactions, Liver of Sulfur is a valuable resource for metal sculptors and artists. How to Cultivate Green Algae for Science & Health Copper(II) Sulfate: Blue Vitriol, Chalcanthite Diatoms: Glass-Making Algae Crucial to Life It has applications in the photographic industry as a developing agent, as well as in agriculture and environmental processes. Facts About Liver of Sulfur Chemical Composition : Liver of Sulfur consists of potassium sulfide, potassium polysulfide, potassium thiosulfate, and potassium bisulfide. Distinct Varieties : It appears in two main forms: potassic Liver of Sulfur and ammoniacal Liver of Sulfur. Patination : In jewelry-making, it is known for producing unique dark finishes on silver. Toxicity : It's important to use Liver of Sulfur safely, as it can be harmful if mishandled. Historical Significance : The compound played a crucial role in alchemy and historical medicinal practices. Wide-Ranging Applications : From the medical field to the arts, Liver of Sulfur shows versatility across numerous disciplines. Catalase: Unseen Enzymes Essential to Life Herbal Remedies in Medieval Alchemy Xanthan Gum & Plant Blight: Xanthomonas Campestris Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Diatomaceous earth (DE) is an amazing natural powder ground from the sedimentary stone diatomite. The stone itself is made of fossilized diatoms, microscopic algae entities with shells of silica glass. Diatomaceous earth comes from millions of years of natural processes. 10 Ancient Spices of Trade, Health & Beauty Lunar Caustic AgNO3: Lapis Infernalis  of Alchemy Gum Arabic, Guar, Xanthan: Guide for Artists & Artisans Diatomaceous earth is an organic product found in the local hardware store or plant nursery, often used for insect pest control. Insects dry out and die when exposed to diatomaceous earth, as it absorbs oils and fats from the cuticles of their exoskeletons. The abrasive sharp edges of diatomaceous earth accelerate this process, cutting the insect to pieces as it struggles to escape its pitfall of death. The earth's effectiveness lasts as long it's dry and undisturbed. Diatomaceous earth of course kills beneficial as well as harmful insects. Almadén Mines: Ancient Mercury Extraction Flowers of Sulfur (Brimstone): Creation & Uses Xanthan Gum & Plant Blight: Xanthomonas Campestris Diatomite & Components of Diatomaceous Earth Diatomaceous earth is primarily made of skeletal remains of diatoms, unicellular algae of diverse shapes, characterized by unique silica-rich cell walls. Diatoms actually live in glass houses. When they die, their remains accumulate at the bottom of salt or freshwater bodies. Over eons, the weight of overlying sediments compresses these layers. Lithification involves chemical and physical changes to transform them into the rock diatomite. The principal component of diatomaceous earth is silica, which accounts for approximately 80-90% of its composition. Silica creates the white color of the stone. Oil of Philosophers: Alchemy Health & Beauty White Pigments of Ancient Artisans Sodium Silicate: Alchemy of Water Glass It also contains traces of other elements such as aluminum, calcium, sodium, iron and magnesium, along with organic matter. Its unique texture and porous nature come from the microstructure of diatom skeletons, which provide high surface area and low density. Diatomite is found in deposits worldwide. High-quality diatomite is prized for its purity and high silica content and finds applications in industries like food filtration and agriculture. Some diatomite deposits can be thousands of feet thick. Diatoms - Crucial to Life on Earth Diatoms have existed for over 100 million years. Widespread in the world today, they live even in Antarctica. Types of one-celled phytoplankton, they inhabit fresh and marine waters. They're characterized by their ornate silica cell walls, or frustules, which form in many shapes. Secret Lives of Sulfuric Acid-Eating Bacteria Diatoms: Glass-Making Algae Crucial to Life Cupriavidus metallidurans : Metal Eating Gold Making Bacterium Diatoms are indispensable to ecosystems worldwide. They form a crucial part of the aquatic food chain, serving as a primary food source for many marine organisms, such as zooplankton and small fish. Diatoms convert carbon dioxide into organic matter through photosynthesis. This process not only forms the base of aquatic food webs but also contributes to most of the oxygen production on Earth. How Diatoms Make Silica Diatoms produce silica through a process called, not surprisingly, silicification. Using dissolved silica found in aquatic environments, diatoms create unique cell walls by absorbing and metabolizing the silica into solid form. Glass & Arts of Ancient Glass Making Chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂): Shining Copper Ore Glycerin (Glycerol): Darling of Cosmetics, Health & Science Originating over 200 million years ago, diatoms are among the most common forms of phytoplankton found in oceans, rivers, and lakes. These organisms make silica cell walls fit together like two parts of a petri dish. This composition gives them structural strength. They can also adapt to changes in silica availability. Uses of Diatomaceous Earth Filtration : DE is widely used in water treatment and filtration systems due to its ability to filter out impurities and particles without clogging. It's a effective in industries like water purification, swimming pool maintenance and brewing. Its porous structure allows it to trap particles and contaminants efficiently. 5 Waters of Ancient Alchemy: Aqua Caustic Victorian Health: Sea Water Hydrotherapy Alchemy of Perfumes: Scents, Cologne, Rose Water Pesticide : As a natural pest control agent, diatomaceous earth can be sprinkled around gardens to kill insects. Diatomaceous earth kills pests such as ants, bed bugs, and cockroaches. The sharp edges of the fine powder damage the exoskeletons of these insects, leading to dehydration and death. Absorbent : The high porosity of DE makes it an excellent absorbent material, used in products such as cat litter, industrial spill cleanup, and as a drying agent in various applications. Food Industry : Food-grade DE is used as an anti-caking agent in powdered foods and filters for beverages like beer and juice. Cosmetics and Skincare : With its micro-abrasive qualities, diatomaceous earth is included in some beauty products for exfoliation. Some advocates claim food-grade diatomaceous earth may have benefits such as improved digestion and skin health. DE is used in toothpaste and facial scrubs for its abrasive properties. Kaolinite: White Pigment with Benefits Caterina Sforza: Renaissance Alchemy Kohl: Eye Beauty Magic of Ancients Construction : DE is used in building materials for insulation and as a filler in construction products. Facts About Diatomaceous Earth Non-toxic : Food-grade diatomaceous earth is deemed generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA and is non-toxic to humans and pets. However, due to sharp silica fragments, don't breathe it in. Sustainable resource : As a naturally occurring material, diatomaceous earth can be sustainably harvested without depleting ecosystems, at least for a while. Global Deposits : Significant deposits of diatomaceous earth can be found in places like the United States, Europe, and parts of Asia, from ancient lakes and seas. Metal Salts: Ancient History to Modern DIY Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) Caustic Potash Women Brewers: Brewing History of Europe Eco-Friendly : DE is classified safe for the environment and acceptable for organic farming practices. Non-Toxic : Food-grade diatomaceous earth is classified safe for human consumption. Angular Structure : The sharpness of diatomaceous earth’s particles makes it an effective natural insecticide for pest control. Historical Use : Diatomaceous earth has a rich history of use, including as a building material of the ancients. Sanguine: Red Chalk of Renaissance Masters Zinc (Zn): Essential Metal in Alchemy & Medicine Pistachio: Turpentine, Resin & Nuts Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Pyrometallurgy is the high-temperature processing of ores to extract and refine metals. It uses alchemical processes in a modern industrial setting. The four main steps of pyrometallurgy are calcination, roasting, smelting and refining or purification. Here's a quick look at each. Biometallurgy: Microbes Mining Metals Diana's Tree: Silver Crystals of Lunar Caustic Chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂): Shining Copper Ore Essentially, pyrometallurgy acts as a transformation pathway turning raw minerals into usable metallic products. By applying heat, pyrometallurgy seeks to extract and purify metals from both ores and concentrates. These metal processing steps are basics in ancient alchemy. The specific processes may vary depending on materials involved and metals recovered. In alchemy, practitioners are proficient in all four steps as well as alloying and amalgamating, assaying, gilding, distillation, sublimation, painting, glazing, metal plating and more. Alchemy: How to Make Emerald from Quartz Alchemy: How to Make Rosaceum Oil Verdigris: Coveted Blue Green Copper Pigment Alchemy begins in practice with Maria Prophetissa or Mary the Jewess in Alexandria c. 100 AD. She works with metals and alloys, speaking in a language unfamiliar to modern ears, which is later considered mystic. For instance in early metallurgy and alchemy, copper is called Venus and iron Mars. It appears so in the Leyden Papyri of c. 250 AD. This concept is further developed and sticks throughout the Middle Ages, takes on an enigmatic factor echoed in the arts, literature, laws and money scams of medieval Europe. While the so-called mystic element develops a large following, the practical alchemy Mary actually teaches is invaluable to the ancients. It's still used today. Copper (Cu) Effects on Human & Plant Health Calcination Process: Alchemy at High Heat Galena: Soft Silver Lead Ore Step 1: Calcining (Calcination) Calcining is the first step in the pyrometallurgical process, which involves the heating of ores at high temperatures but below their melting points. This process is meant to drive off volatile substances and remove moisture, carbon dioxide, and other gases from the material. Calcining marks the initial stage of pyrometallurgy. Its main goal is to remove volatile compounds from the ore, such as water and carbon dioxide. This often involves heating ores to temperatures below their melting point, facilitating the breakdown of minerals. Foodborne Fungi and Mold: Facts & Dangers Mother of Vinegar & Microbial Life in a Bottle Gold-Making of Maria: Tetrasomia Four Metals Transformations: During calcination, carbonates and hydroxides are converted to oxides. For instance, when limestone (calcium carbonate CaCO₃) is heated, it decomposes into lime (calcium oxide CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). This process is vital in metallurgical operations, particularly iron and steel production. The transformation not only prepares the material for the next processing stages but also refines it by reducing impurities. Alexandria: Jewel of Ancient History Metal Smelting & Metallurgy in the Ancient World Glass & Arts of Ancient Glass Making Practical Example: Limestone Calcining In the cement industry, calcination is vital for producing quicklime, which is a key ingredient in cement. For instance, the calcination of 1 ton of limestone can yield approximately 0.56 tons of quicklime and release about 0.44 tons of CO₂. This shows how critical the calcining process is for both material preparation and environmental impact. Step 2: Roasting Following calcining, the process of roasting involves heating the ore in the presence of air or oxygen at elevated temperatures. This step primarily aims to alter the chemical composition of the ore, often facilitating the extraction of metals. Roasting may be used with sulfidic ores in the presence of oxygen. This process is important to convert metal sulfides into metal oxides, which can be more easily reduced in later stages. Roasting is one of the essential skills of ancient alchemists. Alchemy: Processes Used by Alchemists Alchemists of Ancient Alexandria Famous Women of Renaissance Alchemy Transformations: Roasting is particularly effective in converting sulfide minerals into oxides. For example, roasting copper(I) sulfide (chalcopyrite) results in the formation of copper oxide and sulfur dioxide, essential for further processing. This transformation allows for the subsequent steps to yield elemental copper. Roasting integrates oxidation and thermochemical reactions. For example, if copper(I) sulfide (Cu₂S) is roasted, it transforms to compounds known today as copper(II) oxide (CuO) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂). This transformation is crucial for efficiency of the subsequent smelting process. Cupriavidus metallidurans : Metal Eating Gold Making Bacterium Microbial Alchemy: Fermentation, Digestion, Putrefaction Honey Mead: Most Ancient Ambrosia Practical Example: Copper Roasting Commonly, sulfide ores like chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂) are roasted in the copper industry to reduce sulfur and convert the ore into a more manageable oxide form. This process can improve metal concentration by up to 90%, making it more suitable for the following smelting phase. Step 3: Smelting Smelting follows the roasting process and is characterized by the melting of the ore or concentrate to separate metallic elements from the non-metallic residues. It typically involves the use of a flux to combine with the gangue, facilitating the formation of a liquid slag. Following roasting, smelting is where the real extraction occurs. This process uses intense heat and a reducing agent, typically carbon in the form of coke, to separate metals from their ores. Digestion & Horse Manure: Alchemy Process Secrets of Elemental Carbon Xanthan Gum & Plant Blight: Xanthomonas Campestris In this step, heat induces the reduction of metal ores. For instance, during the smelting of iron ore (Fe₂O₃), carbon reduces the ore, yielding iron and carbon monoxide. Here, the carbon monoxide produced can be used in other processes, making this phase efficient and interconnected. Practical Example: Iron Smelting The historical significance of iron smelting cannot be overstated; it has been a cornerstone of civilization. In a modern blast furnace, approximately 1.5 tons of iron can be produced from 2.5 tons of iron ore, highlighting the productivity of smelting processes that have evolved over time. This molten iron can then be cast into various shapes or used to produce steel. Metal to Rust: Unseen Organisms in Action Fermentation & Rot: Comparing Processes Molybdochalkos: Nigredo Black Lead of Maria Transformations: During smelting, metal oxides are reduced to pure metals. For example, in the production of iron from iron oxide, a carbon source (often coke) is used in the blast furnace, reducing iron(III) oxide to produce molten iron. Here, iron is extracted from its ore, while carbon monoxide gas is produced, which can also be used in further metallurgical processes. Copper (Cu): Ruddy Metal of Myth & Magic Hashamili - Metal Work & Smith God Bronze Age Europe - The Amber Roads Step 4: Refinement or Purification The refining process is the final step in the pyrometallurgical approach, where impurities are removed from the crude metal to produce a purer form suitable for commercial use. This step is a series of heating and cooling cycles with addition of specific reagents. A variety of techniques can be used, including electrolysis and oxidation. Transformations: Refining processes vary depending on the desired purity and the type of metal but generally involve the oxidation and reduction of metal impurities. Electrolytic refining may be used after smelting to achieve extremely high purity levels. Iodine (I): Origin, Properties, Uses & Facts Fire Men & Lights Errant: German Lore Tungsten: Elusive Metal of Light, Art & Industry Electrolytic Refining of Copper: In this process, impure copper is made the anode, while pure copper acts as the cathode in an electrolytic cell. The copper ions dissolve from the anode and deposit on the cathode, leaving impurities in solution or forming a sludge. Thus, the final product is high-purity copper suitable for electrical and industrial applications. Through electrolytic refining, copper can achieve a purity level of 99.99%. Although a modern method, electrolytic refining has the same aim as alchemical purification of metals, and involves cycles of heating and re-refining. Chloroauric Acid: Gold Salts & Extraction Alchemy and the Art of Gold-Making Malevolent Microfungi: Hazards of Health & Home While alchemy covers many disciplines such as metal work, herbology, medicine, gemology, with a later branch into spirituality, modern metallurgy has specifically developed based on its Neolithic predecessors. In various disciplines, the same processes can have different names. Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Chemistry from 1600 to 1800 yields transformative discoveries influential today. In the German lands this era is characterized by groundbreaking discoveries like Glauber's salt, Prussian blue and the glimmer of beginning photography. Here are nine chemistry milestones. Scientific Revolution Europe 1543-1687 Famous Women of Renaissance Alchemy The Microscope: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 1625: Glauber's Salt by Johann Rudolf Glauber One of the earliest significant developments in this era is discovery of Glauber’s salt (sodium sulfate decahydrate) by Johann Rudolf Glauber. Produced using the reaction of sulfuric acid with sodium carbonate, Glauber's salt finds uses from glassmaking to laxatives. 70% of Glauber's salt produced in its prime goes to the textile industry, where it's used for dyeing processes in manufacturing. Also known as mirabilite, Glauber's salt is a hydrous sodium sulfate mineral. It's represented by the chemical formula Na2SO4·10H2O. This vitreous, colorless to white / whitish monoclinic mineral is formed as an evaporite from brines containing sodium sulfate. Arcanum Duplicatum: Double Secret of Alchemy Johann Glauber: Fulminating Gold & Sodium Sulfate Alchemical Salt: Essential Salts of Alchemy 1669: Discovery of Phosphorus by Hennig Brand The year 1669 is a turning point in chemistry with Hennig Brand's discovery of phosphorus in Hamburg. Actually, in his urine. Brand ferments, heats and distills his pee, ultimately isolating this element. Phosphorus is essential for life; approximately 1% of the human body is made up of this crucial element, which plays a vital role in DNA, ATP, and energy transfer. Phosphorus later appears in fertilizers, pyrotechnics, and the production of phosphoric acid. Another chemical found in urine is niter or saltpeter, used to make explosives and nitric acid. During the US Civil War, a Confederate pharmacist solves a gunpowder shortage by making it with niter extracted from urine of the soldiers. Paracelsus: Renegade Renaissance Physician The Alembic: Essential Alchemy Equipment Writing in Letters of Gold: Ancient Alchemy 1706: Prussian Blue by Heinrich Diesbach The formulation of Prussian blue in 1706 by Heinrich Diesbach in Berlin is another breakthrough in the field of chemistry. This vibrant blue pigment emerges accidentally while Diesbach tries to create a red dye and instead achieves a rich organic compound. Prussian blue becomes popular in art and decoration, and is used in chemical analysis. A new acid, hydrogen cyanide, is first isolated from Prussian blue in pure form, characterized in 1782 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele. While Prussian blue is non-toxic, the acid is not. It's eventually given the name Blausäure (literally "blue acid") as it comes from Prussian blue, and in English is known as Prussic acid. No account of Prussian blue is complete without mention of infamous alchemist Dippel who's in on the invention, but gets booted from the deal. Prussian Blue - Delight of Artists & Poisoners Enuma Elish: Marduk & the Chaos Monsters Meet the Microbes - History of Microbiology 1717: The Birth of Photography Another remarkable milestone in the 18th century is Johann Heinrich Schulze's experiment in 1717. He uses a light-sensitive mixture to create images of letters on glass. Although not photography in the modern sense, this experiment breaks ground for the study of photochemistry and the eventual invention of photography. This innovation showcases the potential for chemistry to intersect with visual art and documentation. Schulze’s work represents the early stages of combining chemistry with technology, which eventually leads to developments like the daguerreotype in the 19th century. Several types of photos follow, including tintypes, prompting the rise of the traveling or carnie photographer. Acetic Acid Bacteria for Vinegar Artisans: Acetobacter Rotten Egg Sulfur Smell: Microbial Processes White Lead Toxic Beauty, Art, Ancient Production 1724: The Fahrenheit Temperature Scale In 1724, Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit introduced a temperature scale still prevalent in parts of the world today. His use of a mercury thermometer and establishment of fixed reference points contribute to the precise measurement of temperature. It's another pivotal advancement in both chemistry and thermodynamics. By introducing a reliable and standardized method to measure temperature, Fahrenheit's scale enhanced the precision of scientific experiments and industrial applications Scientists can conduct standardized experiments, leading to clearer communication of results and a more systematic approach to scientific inquiry. By improving measurement accuracy, Fahrenheit's work improves science until the rise of Celsius in the 20th century. Digestion & Horse Manure: Alchemy Process Methanogens: Microbes of Methane Production Vinegar Eels: Life Cycle & Survival in Vinegar 1746: Basic Theory of Isolating Zinc by Andreas Sigismund Marggraf The basic theory of isolating zinc comes in mid-18th century. The discovery marks advances in metal extraction and understanding mineral composition. Marggraf's work is essential for later industrial applications of zinc. Zinc became invaluable in various applications, particularly in galvanization. By the late 19th century, about 90% of zinc production was used for coating iron and steel to prevent rusting, demonstrating how Marggraf’s insights led to practical solutions to everyday industrial problems. Zinc (Zn): Essential Metal in Alchemy & Medicine Alchemy: How to Make Rosaceum Oil Secrets of Xanthan Gum for Artists & Chefs Late 1700s: Contributions of Carl Wilhelm Scheele Carl Wilhelm Scheele, a prolific Swedish chemist active from around 1770 to 1785, makes significant strides in identifying various chemical elements, including molybdenum, tungsten, barium, and chlorine. Scheele also creates a green pigment later replaced with Paris Green . While he discovers oxygen around 1773, Joseph Priestley publishes the findings first. Scheele’s extensive research in gases and elemental analysis points the way. Oxygen makes up 21% of the Earth's atmosphere and is crucial for supporting life. His careful and methodical research expands the periodic table. In medicine, chlorine becomes critical in water treatment. This period highlights how new discoveries in chemistry can shape society's understanding and interaction with the natural world. Kerotakis: Ancient Alchemical Equipment Lunar Caustic AgNO3: Lapis Infernalis  of Alchemy Ethyl Alcohol: Science of Solvents & Booze 1789: Discovery of Uranium and Zirconium by Martin Heinrich Klaproth In 1789, Martin Heinrich Klaproth, a key figure in analytical chemistry, discovers uranium and zirconium. These elements expand the periodic table again and make advances, especially in nuclear chemistry and materials science. Uranium later becomes important to nuclear chemistry, while zirconium is desirable in high-performance materials. The significance of these elements underscores the ongoing relationship between chemistry and technological advancement. Glauber: Preparation of a Golden Spirit of Wine Asphodel: Ancient Dye & Medicine Plants Ardent Spirits Alchemy: the Fiery Elixirs of Life 1799: Production of Sugar from Sugar Beets by Franz Karl Achard In 1799, Franz Karl Achard revolutionizes the sugar industry by producing sugar from sugar beets. This development marks the beginning of a new agricultural sector that would dramatically impact food production and economy in Europe and beyond. The dawn of the 19th century signified a new phase for the sugar industry. Achard’s work emphasizes the role of chemistry in food production.  The technique develops for a more sustainable sugar supply to improve food sources and influence economic trends. Sugar Beets, Altbier & First Newspaper German Traditions - Candy Canes Honey Mead: Most Ancient Ambrosia Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

From the southern Germanic lands, past the Swiss border come tales of der Türst, the dreadful huntsman who rides like a demon through forest and farmland. His raging host appears in stormy weather of late winter and early spring. Screaming Swiss Spirit: Pfaffenkellnerin Sträggele: Witch Hag of the Wild Hunt Wild Women and Winter Tales Unearthly blasts of his horn reverberate through the hills. He storms through villages with a pack of baying creatures, hounds or a type of pig-dog hybrid literally a Schweinhund   ( Schweinhund  is an insult in German). What does der Türst hunt? It's never quite clear. His call is that of chaos. Villagers rush to open their barn doors. If they don't, der Türst bursts through doors and wrecks the building. Let him rampage through the barns and leave, so humans and other animals may escape unscathed. White Ladies in German Mythology German Myth: Lindwyrm, Mare & Pig Demons Women of the Wild Hunt: Holle, Diana, Frigg Sometimes he and his wife Sträggele frighten cows so much the animals get sick or go dry of milk. If der Türst comes riding down from the sky to encounter a person in the woods he shouts ' drü Schritt rechts, gang uswägs ' meaning 'step to the right, get out of my way'. One who doesn't move fast enough is transformed to a demonic pig dog creature to accompany him. Leaping and baying the unfortunate is drawn into the hunt. In the north a caller may precede the Hunt shouting " mitten des Weges !" or "middle of the way!" Fänggen (Fangga): Man-Eaters of Tyrol Warrior Queen: Kriemhild of the Burgundians Mulberry Tree (Morus): Uses, Folklore & Myth Whether the person shows up again after being drawn into the Hunt is unknown. In some tales the victim never comes back. Or, time is altered and the person may return to a changed world, to wander in blithering madness. Better to be a pig dog. Many animals who accompany der Türst have three legs. Three is a number often linked to supernatural magic, as is three threes or nine. Three-legged birds may appear as harvest spirits in Germany. Germanic Mythology - Brook Horses Klagefrau: Wailing Woman of German Folklore Spiritual Magic - Numbers Three & Nine In China, Xihe the Sun Goddess is the mother of ten Suns, represented by three-legged crows living in a mulberry tree . Also from China comes the three-legged money frog or toad, Chan Chu. Three is the number of legs on the triskelion. Regional depictions of the southern Hunt vary. In some der Türst wears green hunting attire. In Walhusen citizens erect crosses. If a cross falls, bad luck follows until the cross is righted. Owl - Death, Messages, Mystic Wisdom Fire Men & Lights Errant: German Lore Hags in German Myth & Folklore Sträggele, his wife, is a hideous hag with powers of evil. She can curse cows and crops. Die Pfaffenkellnerin , a female spirit with glowing eyes, may accompany them. Die Pfaffenkellnerin sits like a Mare atop pines, fir trees and other conifers in raging storms, drowns out the howling winds with her shrieks of laughter, and twists trees out of shape. She often appears on the Swiss Seebodenalp near Lucerne, and may even lead her own Hunt. Schrat: German Nightmare Forest Elf Tannenbaum - About the Yule Fir Tree Perchta, Bright One: German Goddess Der Türst is identified as a spirit with powers of destruction, while in other tales he's compared with the Norse god Wotan. His entourage can grow to a terrifying scale, including goblins, witches , werewolves , tormented revenants and furious spirits. Leaders of the northern Wild Hunt, a European supernatural phenomenon, include Frau Holle or Hulda; Diana of the Romans; Frigg , wife of Odin, or Odin; Gwyn ap Nudd of Welsh myth; Siegfried of Xanten and other legendary or historic figures. Nature Spirits of German Mythology Herbology & Lore: Poison Hemlock Nibelung - Of Worms & Heroes Wild Hunts and Raging Hosts appear from Scandinavia to England, France, Tyrol and Switzerland. In all cases the event is a riotous storm in the sky or sweeping through the land. It often occurs in winter. The object of the hunt is never defined. Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Frau Holle is an ancient Goddess originating in the pagan lore of Germania. Also called Holda, Hulda or Old Mother Frost, she's often portrayed as a domestic entity. Her true nature runs deep as warrior goddess, weather deity, teacher and Dark Grandmother. READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series Women of the Wild Hunt: Holle, Diana, Frigg Frau Holle - A German Fairy Tale Edelweiss: Alpine Flower of True Love Sylvia Rose Books From her home in the clouds, Frau Holle makes snow by fluffing her feather bedding out the window. The feathers fall as snowflakes to the mortal world below. As a weather deity she can create a sparkling snowfall or a battering blizzard. READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure When it snows in Germany one still hears, "Frau Holle is making her bed." The home of the goddess in the clouds and her association with weather control gives a strong impression of Holle as an ancient fertility and nature deity. Germany: A Little 19th Century History Apples: Nature, Spirituality & Folklore Gingerbread Houses: German Folklore Sylvia Rose Books Frau Holle takes care of infant souls  and thus is linked to the Land of the Undead, the Netherworld and spirit realms and the Dark Grandmother. She has aspects of both dark and light. She can manifest as a White Lady . READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series White Ladies appear in numerous cultures. They may request help, share wisdom, give protection or in some cases, foretell death or a dramatic event. Winter Tales - 4 Novellas White Ladies in German Mythology Lindwyrm, Mare & Pig Demons: German Myth Sylvia Rose Books As a domestic goddess, Frau Holle is teacher and patron of spinning and weaving. She favors those who show respect and work hard. A fairy tale recorded by the Grimms tells of two girls, one hardworking and one lazy, who visit Frau Holle. Read the fairy tale here . READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure The Festival of Frau Holle begins December 25 and goes for twelve days until Jan 5/6, or Twelfth Night. The Twelve Days of Zagmuk also occur at this time. On 21 Dec celebrations of the solstice, a return of light after the year's shortest day, may include Frau Holle. 12 Days of Zagmuk: Chaos & the King Hags in Germanic Myth & Folklore Nature Spirits of German Mythology Sylvia Rose Books Frau Holle brings the hope of a new spring and abundance throughout the land. In 10th century Norway, the Christianized Norse king Haakon decrees Yule must be celebrated the same time as Christmas. Yule is originally a harvest celebration lasting almost to the solstice. READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure A solar festival on Dec 25 is linked to Roman Sol Invictus , the Unconquered Sun. Romans celebrate the solstice a few days after the event, when an obvious difference of night and day lengths confirms return of the Sun. Romans also create the first Christmas, in 336 AD. Wild Women and Winter Tales Elderberry Tree: Germanic Nature Lore Castle Frankenstein - Legend & Lore Sylvia Rose Books As a warrior, Hulda is known to lead the Wild Hunt . In possibly one of many attempts to demonize the goddess she instead becomes a culture hero. The Hunt leader is a legendary figure such as Siegfried , deity such as the Norse Odin, Roman Diana or other famed entity. READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Partakers of the Hunt are witches, satyrs, multi-legged horses, three-legged hounds, deities, semi-deities, elves , werewolves , Dwarfs , dragons and creatures of all kinds from Germany, Scandinavia, Rome, Ireland, Tyrol, Italy and other areas. Later it's said to be led by the Devil . Sträggele: Witch Hag of the Wild Hunt Steam & Coal in Victorian Germany The Wild Hunt - A Lora Ley Novella Sylvia Rose Books Holle's connection with weaving associates her with witchcraft. In some accounts she participates in Hexennacht (Witches' Night), a gathering and celebration of witches in the Harz Mountains on the Brocken, the highest peak in Northern Germany. READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series In the 9th century Hexennacht is replaced with Walpurgis Night. Today the Brocken is a much more popular place for witch gatherings than ever it was. According to the Grimm Brothers, folklore of Frau Holle is predominates in the north Germanic lands. Witches' Night - Hexennacht German Myth - Harvest Spirits German Nature Folklore - Fruit Trees Sylvia Rose Books In Denmark, she may appear as the Elder Mother . In the south to Switzerland, the related goddess Perchta reigns. She shares many qualities with Holle and in folk tales may have a nastier side. READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Perchta lives in a well. On her feast days of Jan 5-6 she visits every household to ensure the girls have done their allotted spinning and weaving for the year. If yes, she leaves silver coins. If no, she rips out the entrails of the culprit and stuffs the body with straw. Perchta, Bright One: German Goddess Chicken Soup: Chickens in German Folklore Care and Feeding of Your Kobold Part 1 Sylvia Rose Books Despite her fierce reputation and use as a Kinderschreck to scare children and young servants into a good work ethic, Perchta is also the benevolent, strict and mysterious mother goddess who long ago taught humans to spin flax into the first fabric - linen . Night Raven (Nachtkrapp) Germania Witches & Witchcraft: Ancient World Aufhöcker - Cursed Undead of German Myth Back to Top

Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) is one of the most important chemicals in the world, with many uses from car battery production to fertilizer manufacturing. It’s reactive, strong, and corrosive, burning skin on contact. While knowing the process is important, making sulfuric acid is risky business. Chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂): Shining Copper Ore Cleopatra the Alchemist of Alexandria Sulfur (Sulphur): Underworld Treasures of Ancients About Sulfuric Acid Sulfuric acid is a colorless, odorless, and highly viscous liquid. It's hygroscopic, meaning it can absorb moisture from the air, and it is also a strong desiccant and acid. Sulfuric acid is called the King of Acids due to its ability to dissolve many substances. It can react violently with water and organic materials, releasing heat and hazardous reactions. Acid must always be added slowly to water. Water should never be added to acid. Slowly is important due to the toxic fizzy fuming caused by heat and chemical reactions. Nitric Acid: Aqua Fortis the Acid Queen Lunar Caustic AgNO3: Lapis Infernalis  of Alchemy The Alembic: Essential Alchemy Equipment Properties and Uses Industrial Applications: It’s primarily used in the manufacture of fertilizers, battery acid, explosives, and in various chemical syntheses. Laboratory Uses: It serves as a dehydrating agent and is used in various chemical reactions. Household Uses: In diluted forms, it can also be found in drain cleaners and some cleaning agents. Given its importance and potential risks, it's important to understand how sulfuric acid is synthesized. Attempting to imitate the experiments is dangerous and can be lethal. Sulfuric acid can burn out eyes, it's extremely painful, permanently scarring and literally cooks skin. Screaming Swiss Spirit: Pfaffenkellnerin Divine Water: Sulfuric Acid in Alchemy Ancient Greek Discovery & Use of Mercury How Sulfuric Acid is Typically Made In industrial settings, sulfuric acid is primarily produced via the Contact Process, which involves several steps: Sulfur Combustion: Sulfur is burned in the presence of oxygen to produce sulfur dioxide (SO₂). Equation: S + O₂ → SO₂ Oxidation of Sulfur Dioxide: The sulfur dioxide is then oxidized to sulfur trioxide (SO₃) using a vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) catalyst. Equation: 2SO₂ + O₂ → 2SO₃ Formation of Sulfuric Acid: Sulfur trioxide is absorbed in water to form sulfuric acid but must be handled carefully due to the exothermic nature of the reaction. Equation: SO₃ + H₂O → H₂SO₄ Copper (Cu) Effects on Human & Plant Health Mercury: Miracle Metal of Madness Flowers of Sulfur (Brimstone): Creation & Uses Ancient Processes of Making Sulfuric Acid In ancient times, sulfuric acid is produced by burning sulfur and saltpeter (niter) in a furnace. The resulting gases are then condensed, and collected as sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid is also known as oil of vitriol by medieval European alchemists, as it's prepared by roasting green vitriol (iron(II) sulfate) in an iron retort. Risks and Dangers Chemical Burns: Sulfuric acid can cause severe skin and eye burns. Toxic Fumes: The gases released during its production are harmful and can be fatal in higher concentrations. Reactivity with Water: Mixing sulfuric acid with water must be done with extreme caution because it can lead to violent reactions. Environmental Hazards: Improper disposal or spills can lead to significant environmental consequences. Fairy Rings, Magic and Mushrooms Earthy & Mineral Hematite: Differences Aqua Regia: The Green Lyon of Alchemy Safer Alternatives If you require sulfuric acid for a project or application, consider the following safer alternatives: Purchase from a Supplier: The easiest and safest option is to purchase sulfuric acid from a reputable chemical supplier. It’s available in various concentrations, ensuring you have the right type for your needs. Laboratory Services: Consider using a laboratory that can handle chemical syntheses or experiments safely. Be Sure of Proper Disposal For disposal of sulfuric acid, comply with local waste management services to ensure it is treated properly. Natural Health: Paracelsus & Hermetic Principles Vinegar Cures of Physician Dioscorides Guido Bonatti: Medieval Astrology Star Understanding the synthesis of sulfuric acid is essential for scientific and industrial applications. The above processes are for scientific information only and should not be attempted by anyone, anywhere, ever. Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top