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Spiritual alchemy goes beyond the surface of human psyche and delves deep into the intricate realms of perception of Self. It's created on ideas of ancient Greeks to the brilliant analytical psychologist Carl Jung in the 20th century, Archetypes - Personality & the Persona Common Archetypes & Spiritual Ascension What is the Philosopher's Stone? Sylvia Rose Books At the heart of spiritual alchemy lies a transformative journey of the spirit. It involves a profound metamorphosis requiring individuals to navigate through a series of intricate stages of alchemical transformation. READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure This process of healing and self-acceptance is not linear but rather a continuous evolution towards self-love and spiritual enlightenment. The practitioner moves through symbolic stages of decomposition and re-composition to achieve a greater whole. Alchemy: Science, Philosophy, Magic Alchemy, Psychology & Archetypes Colors of Alchemy: Black Nigredo Putrefaction Sylvia Rose Books Embarking on a journey of self-discovery and transformation requires a delicate balance of introspection and self-compassion. It means peeling back layers of conditioning and societal expectations to reveal the authentic self beneath. During the first stage of the process, the practitioner confronts raw unrefined qualities such as fears, deep-seated beliefs, and self-sabotaging behavior. In this way one uncovers the luminous core of personal existence. Golden Ages of Alchemy: Renaissance Cyrene: Huntress Queen of Greek Myth Corycian Caves, Bee Nymphs & Greek Gods Sylvia Rose Books Each stage of this journey reveals more mysteries within the depths of the soul. Unlike physical alchemy, which delves into manipulation of the properties of matter, spiritual alchemy aims to free the spirit essence from the confines of internal chaos and conflict. READ: Reiker For Hire - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries This transformative practice revolves around a process of introspection and growth. It's similar to the alchemical Nigredo stage, in which elements are broken down for the purpose of recombining. The whole is more than the sum of its parts. Alchemy of Islam: Medieval Golden Age Mad Hatter's Disease: Mercury Madness Khaos: Primal Goddess of Greek Myth Sylvia Rose Books Exploring the depths of one's character can reveal a myriad of influential complexities. From childhood experiences to societal influences, each aspect contributes to the intricate tapestry of an individual's psyche. READ: Lora Ley Adventures - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series Uncovering repressed emotions or desires can be a daunting task, often clouded by societal norms or personal judgments. As one delves deeper into this alchemical process, challenges and obstacles may test patience or determination. Aether: Born of Darkness, God of Light Prima Materia: Elements of Alchemy Ouroboros Glyph: Snake Eating its Tail Sylvia Rose Books Confronting past traumas and embracing vulnerability are essential steps towards inner harmony and growth. By harmonizing the mind and body, individuals can achieve a state of equilibrium surpassing that of the physical realm. It is a transformative experience leading to deeper understanding of one's purpose and connection to the universe. Through this, individuals unlock their true potential and wake to a higher consciousness, transcending limitations of the material world. Tria Prima of Paracelsus: Three Primes Colors of Alchemy: White Albedo Purification Elixir of Life: Alchemy & the Emperor Sylvia Rose Books Ultimately, the alchemical journey is a profound exploration of the self, a quest for wholeness and integration. Symbolically, the absence of wholeness signifies a disconnection between the soul, psyche, and the material world. The psyche needs to align with the spiritual alchemical process, facilitating integration of the shadow aspects into one's Self. Harmony and balance within lead to profound transformation and deep connection with the spiritual realm. Colors of Alchemy: Citrinitas Solar Yellow Golden Ages of Alchemy: Renaissance Hermes Trismegistus: Alchemy & the Occult Sylvia Rose Books A person uses spiritual alchemy to embark on a quest of self-realization and growth. By unraveling layers of the inner self and transmuting imperfections into strengths, the seer emerges as an empowered being, the essence of spiritual alchemy in its purest form. Carl Jung's seminal work, Problems of Modern Psychotherapy, is a guiding light in the steps of transformation within the realm of spiritual alchemy. In meticulous detail Jung draws compelling parallels between alchemical process and the journey of self-analysis. Colors of Alchemy: Rubedo Magnum Opus Chrysopoeia - Turning Lead into Gold Cleopatra the Alchemist of Alexandria Sylvia Rose Books Founder of analytical psychology, Jung often bases his ideas on personal or objective experience. Besides spiritual alchemy he also creates the introvert/extrovert concept still known today, and identifies the archetypes of the collective unconscious. Collective Unconscious: Seeking the One Women of the Wild Hunt: Holle, Diana, Frigg Women Scientists of the Ancient World Back to Top

Archetypes help define how the person sees the overall Self and how one interacts with the world in intimate, communal, universal or esoteric ways. The persona is an intriguing archetype developed from the depths of the personality. Tria Prima (Three Primes): Meanings Common Archetypes & Spiritual Ascension Alchemy, Psychology & Archetypes Sylvia Rose Books Living behind the mask of the persona creates a profound sense of alienation and superficiality in one's interactions and experiences. Relationships may feel shallow, accomplishments may ring hollow, and life itself may seem devoid of meaning. READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure It's an energy drain to uphold a facade. An individual becomes disconnected from true emotions, desires and values. The persona becomes a shield to conceal vulnerabilities and insecurities. It builds up slowly and assumes various aspects. Colors of Alchemy: Black Nigredo Putrefaction The Anxious Victorian - Mental Health Women of Alchemy - Mary the Jewess Sylvia Rose Books People develop different personas for work, social settings and online interactions, highlighting various aspects depending on the circumstances. Reliance on the persona creates a sense of disconnection from one's innermost being. Self-expression through a persona is limited. Dissonance between the persona and true self can lead to feelings of emptiness and fraud, guilt and lack of fulfillment. By removing layers of the persona, one rediscovers values, aspirations and taps into inherent strengths. Tria Prima of Paracelsus: Three Primes Classic Elements & Concept of the One Women Scientists of the Ancient World Sylvia Rose Books Persona and Personality The persona is part of and apart from personality. Personality is a complex and multifaceted aspect of an individual's identity, representing a unique combination of traits, tendencies, and patterns of behavior shaping world views and interactions. While personality is more intrinsic and enduring, persona is more fluid and adaptable. Individuals may adjust the persona based on the feedback from others or desired goals. It's important to find the balance between authenticity (true self) and adaptability. Colors of Alchemy: White Albedo Purification Fortune Telling - The Mystic Victorian Destiny & Death: Fate in the Ancient World Sylvia Rose Books Deeply rooted in an individual's psyche, personality is influenced by several factors such as genetics, upbringing, experiences and cultural background. Personality traits can range from introversion to extroversion, agreeability to hostility, openness to self-consciousness. READ: Lora Ley Adventures - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series Within that framework the persona is the external facade individuals consciously craft and present to others. It's a strategic and subjective image built from disparate bricks. It can be constructed to suit different situations, contexts or audiences. Colors of Alchemy: Citrinitas Solar Yellow Honey Mead: Most Ancient Ambrosia Dream Interpretation (Oneiromancy) - Ancient Egypt Sylvia Rose Books It may be common for a person can slip from one persona into another without even thinking about it. This is the beginning of a terrible fragmentation. The individual may struggle to differentiate between authentic identity and the constructed persona, leading to a deep existential crisis. Time taken for introspection, self-reflection and self-discovery can overcome pitfalls and rise above the challenge of the persona archetype. Book of the Heavenly Cow - Myths of Egypt Great Cormorant: Wild Birds & Mythic Beasts Collective Unconscious: Seeking the One Sylvia Rose Books Archetypes Archetypes manifest in cultural expression, including folklore, literature, art, religious narratives, and even in the realm of dreams. They serve as building blocks of the subconscious mind, influencing thoughts, emotions, and behavior in profound ways. The concept of archetypes plays a fundamental role in delving into the depths of the human psyche and understanding the collective unconscious. In analytical psychology, archetypes represent universal symbols and patterns deeply ingrained in the human experience. Colors of Alchemy: Rubedo Magnum Opus Aesculapian Snakes: Nature & Lore Alchemy: Four Elements + The One Sylvia Rose Books Archetypes transcend cultural boundaries and time periods. Influenced by social norms, expectations and personal desires, the archetypical persona one projects cannot align perfectly with the true personality. Identification and understanding of the archetypes in one's daily existence and dream worlds, including that of the persona, brings a more authentic and fulfilling life experience. Accepting vulnerability helps build genuine connections. Zosimos: First Golden Age of Alchemy Prima Materia: Elements of Alchemy Rhododendron & the Toxic Ambrosia Sylvia Rose Books Archetypes arise through life experience, taking on specific forms and roles within the psyche. Recognizing and integrating these archetypal energies, a person gains a deeper sense of Self and taps into a wellspring of collective wisdom beyond individual existence. Arising from the collective unconscious the most common archetypes include shadow animal trickster / fool wise elder / healer child father - protection, wisdom, guidance - Sun mother - compassion, innate knowledge, caregiver - Moon maiden self persona (mask) anima (feminine) in man animus (masculine) in woman Lora Ley Adventures - Feast of Fools Alchemy of Islam: Medieval Golden Age Pagan Solstice Fests: Saturnalia Sylvia Rose Books The work of Carl Jung sheds light on the significance of archetypes in shaping human consciousness, drawing from philosophies of Kant, Schopenhauer and Plato. Jung presents archetypes as dynamic forces driving personal development and interactions with the world. Al-Mi'raj: Unicorn Hare of Arab Myth Mad Hatter's Disease: Mercury Madness Agrippina & Son: Poisonous Plots of Rome Back to Top

Alchemy is central to the theory of the collective unconscious, a quest for personal and universal truth. Accepting the dual nature of this ancient practice, an individual is open to mystic revelation and the transcendence intrinsic to the alchemical process. Collective Unconscious: Seeking the One Tria Prima (Three Primes): Meanings Alchemy: Science, Philosophy, Magic Sylvia Rose Books The intricate symbolism and esoteric language used by alchemists through the millennia suggests the cryptic approach is a deliberate means to conceal profound truths about the human psyche and spiritual transformation. Alchemists do not give up secrets gladly. READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure Through analysis of the process one uncovers a variety of unconscious elements and archetypal motifs found in the practice of analytic psychology. These parallel the journey of individuation, when the individual integrates various aspects of the self into a unified whole. Moon Magic - the Feminine Principle Magic of the Circle: Spirituality & Lore Classic Elements & Concept of the One Sylvia Rose Books Various archetypes exist in human psychology. These can include events such as birth, death and marriage; figures such as the mother, father, and child; and motifs such as the apocalypse. READ: Lora Ley Adventures - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series They may be general or specific, obvious or elusive. It's important to note which come up the most. At first they may be associated with a confusion of feelings. Clarity comes through confrontation, one's inner dialogue, and objective observation of subjective phenomena. Colors of Alchemy: Black Nigredo Putrefaction Alchemy: Four Elements + The One Tria Prima of Paracelsus: Three Primes Sylvia Rose Books Although the number of archetypes is limitless, a few particularly notable, recurring archetypal images appear. In accordance with analytical psychology these are shadow animal wise old man / woman father child mother maiden self persona (mask) anima (feminine) in man animus (masculine) in woman The persona, anima / animus, shadow and self also fall under the separate systems of the personality. Through study of alchemical texts and symbols, alchemy becomes a metaphor for the transformative journey of self-discovery and personal growth. Colors of Alchemy: Citrinitas Solar Yellow Mad Hatter's Disease: Mercury Madness Ouroboros Glyph: Snake Eating its Tail Sylvia Rose Books It's a psychological tool for exploring depths of the unconscious and unlocking hidden potential within a person. It's especially relevant in understanding the transcendent dimensions of the human psyche and the quest for wholeness. Analogies appear between alchemy, religious dogma, and psychological symbolism. In his 1944 work Psychology and Alchemy, Carl Jung posits the Philosopher's Stone is a latent reality existing within the self. Colors of Alchemy: White Albedo Purification Fuxi: Chinese Primordial Emperor God Alchemy of Islam: Medieval Golden Age Sylvia Rose Books Alchemists convey their own internal dialogues through use of esoteric symbols and contemporary terminology. Through this they strive for spiritual growth. Symbolism of alchemy is intimately linked to the psychoanalytical process. READ: Reiker For Hire - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Using dreams of a patient Jung notes how symbols used by alchemists occur in the psyche. These are part of the reservoir of mythological images drawn up by the person in the dream state. Seduction of Hedammu, Father of Snakes Cleopatra the Alchemist of Alexandria Chrysopoeia - Turning Lead into Gold Sylvia Rose Books An intriguing parallel appears between the complex idea of the Great Work of the alchemists and a deep process of reintegration and individuation of individuals in psychiatric therapy. This can reveal the intricate operations of the human psyche. Through apparently different domains it undergoes transformative journeys. The timeless relevance of the archetype highlights the crucial role spirituality has in fostering the psychological well-being of individuals in the modern era. Zosimos: First Golden Age of Alchemy Women of Alchemy - Mary the Jewess Colors of Alchemy: Rubedo Magnum Opus Sylvia Rose Books By entwining mystical pursuits of alchemists with psychological evolution of individuals, it's possible to contemplate the deeper layers of consciousness. One becomes aware of the profound impact of spiritual exploration on mental health and self-realization. Exploration of alchemy delves into the intricate relationship between the conscious and unconscious mind. By examining the symbolic language of alchemy, the hidden depths of the human psyche and its connection to spiritual transformation become clear. Golden Ages of Alchemy: Renaissance Khaos: Primal Goddess of Greek Myth Winter Tales - 4 Novellas Sylvia Rose Books The alchemical process, with its stages of putrefaction, purification and transformation, mirrors the psychological journey towards self-realization and wholeness. Analysis of alchemical texts reveals an abundance of symbols. They resonate with universal themes of growth, renewal, and transcendence. Through his interpretation, Jung sheds light on the profound wisdom embedded in alchemical traditions and their relevance to modern psychology. Gold - Precious Metal of the Sun Pentagram: Drudenfuß, Five Point Star Prima Materia: Elements of Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books A comparison of meanings underscores the interplay of spiritual, alchemic and psychological factors. Emphasizing the inherent spiritual quest, parallels arise between the Philosopher's Stone and inner enlightenment. This journey can be taken only on an individual level. Becoming more stable and secure in the Self, a person relates to the world in a vibrant, more integrated way. Fears fall away and one can tap into spiritual, physical and intellectual depths previously out of reach. Cleopatra the Physician of Greece Hypatia: Scholar & Martyr Alexandria Hermes Trismegistus: Alchemy & the Occult Sylvia Rose Books Ultimately, alchemy is a gateway to the intricate workings of the human mind and the transformative power of psychological integration. Unlocking the door between ancient mysticism and psychology inspires a journey of self-discovery and spiritual growth. 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Mad Hatter Disease is also called erethism, erethismus mercurialis or mad hatter syndrome. Caused by progressive mercury poisoning it's a neurological disorder with symptoms of personality change, irritability, low self-confidence, apathy and tremors. READ: Lora Ley Adventures - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series Natron - Ancient Embalming & Household Salts Tria Prima of Paracelsus: Three Primes Cinnabar (Mercury Sulfide) Red Death Sylvia Rose Books With the New World fur trade, beaver hats are in demand. In his workshop, the hatter is given an oily, dirty beaver pelt with long guard hairs. Beneath these hairs is the delicate beaver wool, known as "duvet,". Fur fibers in natural state are not suitable for felting. READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure Carroting is a meticulous procedure often done in advance. The hatter uses a knife or pliers to remove guard hairs, then applies a solution of mercury nitrate to the skin. This helps lift the scales from each wool fiber, causing them to straighten and turn reddish. Victorian Trends: Sailor Suits to Taxidermy Amazons - Warrior Women History & Myth Sinope: Poison, Honey, Greeks & Clay Sylvia Rose Books Hatmakers often work in enclosed spaces, increasing exposure to toxic mercury vapors. Hazardous working conditions faced by hatters during this era underscore the lack of awareness regarding the health risks associated with mercury exposure. The use of mercury in hat making is introduced by Huguenots in 17th-century France, despite the known risks of mercury exposure at that time. This technique is initially kept as a trade secret in France, and hatting quickly becomes a lethal profession. Mercury: Miracle Metal of Madness Tanning Hides - the Ancient Process Alum: Tanning, Dye & Beauty Salts Sylvia Rose Books Toward the end of the 17th century, the Huguenots bring this secret to England. The fur trade in the New World drives demand for beaver hats. During the Victorian era, the health issues faced by hatters become well-known, but not well-addressed. Sayings such as "mad as a hatter" come from mercury poisoning symptoms. In the 19th century, use of inorganic mercury, specifically mercuric nitrate, prevails in manufacture of felt for hats. Mad Hatter's disease is seen as an occupational hazard. Tanning Hides - Ancient Techniques Colors of Alchemy: Black Nigredo Putrefaction Alchemy: Science, Philosophy, Magic Sylvia Rose Books To make the felt, hairs are amalgamated or pressed together creating a compact mass of intermeshed fur fibers. The orange-colored solution containing mercuric nitrate acts as a smoothing agent during this process, contributing to the desired texture of the felt. After the carroting stage, the felt undergoes further treatment by being shaped into large cones, then subjected to shrinking in boiling water, and finally dried. Wolfsbane (Aconitum) Ancient Poisons Chinese Alchemical Elixir Poisoning What is the Philosopher's Stone? Sylvia Rose Books Over time, a slow chemical reaction within the treated felts releases volatile free mercury. Consequently, hatters, or milliners, who are in direct contact with vapors emanating from the impregnated felt, were at significant risk of mercury poisoning. READ: Reiker For Hire - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Erethism primarily affects the central nervous system, due to prolonged exposure to mercury vapors. This toxic exposure can cause behavioral changes which significantly impact daily life. Classic Elements & Concept of the One Colors of Alchemy: Citrinitas Solar Yellow Victorian Health: Sea Water Hydrotherapy Sylvia Rose Books During Roman antiquity and through the Middle Ages of Europe, the cinnabar mines in Spain are a dreaded destination for slaves, social outcasts, criminals and war prisoners. A mercury ore, cinnabar is processed through distillation. This releases toxic vapors. Both mining and processing cinnabar exposes workers to fumes and physical poisons . The evaporation of mercury even at room temperature causes deadly fumes. Mercury poisoning tends to happen in a processing environment. Alchemy of Islam: Medieval Golden Age Women of the Wild Hunt: Holle, Diana, Frigg Medicine in Ancient Egypt: Ebers Papyrus Sylvia Rose Books Commonly observed symptoms include irritability low self-confidence depression nervous anxiety apathy shyness, timidity slurred speech delirium personality changes memory loss Moreover, individuals suffering from erethism often find it challenging to engage in social interactions due to the cognitive and emotional disturbances caused by the condition. Parabalani: Medics & Murderous Mobs Mad Honey - What's the Buzz? Collective Unconscious: Seeking the One Sylvia Rose Books The impact of erethism is not limited to behavioral changes; it also presents physical symptoms that can further debilitate the affected individual. These physical manifestations may include reduced physical strength persistent headaches generalized pain throughout the body tremors irregular heartbeats Rhododendron & the Toxic Ambrosia Elderberry Tree: Germanic Nature Lore Asag - Horrific Disease Demon of Kur Sylvia Rose Books Symptoms can cause psychological problems. These compound the overall burden of the disease. Given the complexity of symptoms associated with erethism, it is crucial for individuals experiencing these signs to seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and intervention can help manage the condition effectively and prevent further deterioration of both the physical and mental health of the individual. Mugwort (Wormwood) Herbal Lore Arsenic: Murderous Metal & Miracle Cure Sulfur - Treasures of the Underworld Sylvia Rose Books In 1869, the French Academy of Medicine demonstrates the health hazards posed to hatmakers. Alternatives to mercury use in hat-making are available by 1874. In the US a hydrochloride process patented in 1888 to phase out mercury is not used. In 1898, laws are passed in France to protect hatmakers from mercury exposure. By the turn of the 20th century, mercury poisoning among British hatters is rare. In the US, the use of mercury continues until 1941. Colors of Alchemy: White Albedo Purification Women of Alchemy - Mary the Jewess Agrippina & Son: Poisonous Plots of Rome Sylvia Rose Books Women hat-makers are less likely to be exposed as they work more in the areas of style and design than in processing. The term milliner is used for men's hatters until mid-18th century, when the term becomes exclusive to makers of women's hats. 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Tanning hides is practiced in the ancient world since c. 7000 BCE, in the Indus Valley site of Mehgarh. By 2500 BCE, Sumerians of Mesopotamia are using leather studded with copper on chariot wheels. Ancient hide-tanning methods are smelly and arduous. READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure See also: Pistachio: Turpentine, Resin & Nuts Tanning Hides - the Ancient Process Chamois - Alpine Wild Nature & Lore Today's Zazzle Specials Smashwords Books The three most common ancient tanning agents are vegetable tannin, mineral salts such as natron, and fish or animal oil. The tanning process is also used for boats, fishing vessels and hide houses or shelters. Ropes, nets, and sails are tanned using tannin-rich tree bark. READ: Lora Ley Fantasy Fiction - German Mythology Adventures Vegetable tanning is the oldest tanning method, using extracts from wood and nuts of trees such as Pinaceae (the pines), or pistachio species producing tannins or tannic acid. Tannins occur in turpentine, rosin, resin and oils. Historically tannic acid is used as a poison antidote. See also: Alp or Alps: Elves & Alpine Mountains Copper: Ruddy Metal of Myth & Magic Pretty Poisons: Holly, Yew, Mistletoe Sylvia Rose Books on Smashwords Lora Ley Fantasy Fiction Series Reiker For Hire Murder Mysteries Sylvia Rose Art on Zazzle The oleo-resin of conifers is known as crude or gum turpentine. It consists of rosin and oil of turpentine. Unlike essential oils extracted with steam distillation, oleoresins occur in heavier, more stable, fatty compounds such as resin, waxes, fats and unctuous oils. READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure Oleoresins are made from spices such as basil, paprika, cardamom, celery seed, cinnamon, clove, fenugreek, silver or balsam fir, ginger, jambu, labdanum, mace, marjoram, nutmeg, parsley, rosemary, sage, savory, thyme, turmeric, vanilla, and West Indian bay leaves. See also: Rosemary: Immortal Essence & Balm of Kings Cinnamon - Spice Trade of Ancients Tannenbaum - About the Yule Fir Tree Today's Zazzle Specials Smashwords Books Solvents used to extract oleo-resins may be polar (alcohols) or nonpolar (hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide). Most oleoresins are used as flavors and perfumes, or medicinally, such as cannabis oleoresins. READ - Reiker For Hire - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Oleoresin of capsicum, spicy peppers found in the nightshade family, is a frequent base of pepper sprays. Other uses of oleo-resins include in manufacture of soaps of cosmetics, and as coloring for food. See also: Soap & Medicine Herb of Ancients Periwinkle: Magic & Medicine of Europe Nature Spirits of German Mythology Sylvia Rose Books on Smashwords Lora Ley Fantasy Fiction Series Reiker For Hire Murder Mysteries Sylvia Rose Art on Zazzle Rosin is the resinous compound of the oleo-resin produced by various species of pine, also called crude turpentine. Separation of the oleo-resin into the essential oil (spirit of turpentine) and common rosin is done by distillation in large copper stills. READ: Lora Ley Fantasy Fiction - German Mythology Adventures Considered a noxious or odoriferous trade, tanning is relegated to the outskirts of town, away from the noses of the elite. Ancient tanning uses methods causing such a stench the tanneries are isolated from the towns. It's the same today where old methods still are used. See also: Zagros Mountains - the Way to Kur German Nature Folklore - Fruit Trees Amazons - Warrior Women History & Myth Today's Zazzle Specials Smashwords Books Today use of tanning chemicals is common, established in 19th century BCE. Chemicals include calcium hydroxide, sodium sulfide, sulfuric acid, formic acid, hydrogen sulfide and aniline-based dyes. Finishing chemicals include formaldehyde, aniline, and resins. READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure In early times native North Americans use fatty animal tissues, such as brain, liver and fat in techniques of oil tanning. Many groups, like the Cree, use smoke as well as fatty tissues as a tanning agent. See also: Horse in Dreams - Meaning of Horses Victorian Crime - Murder in the Cards The Anxious Victorian - Mental Health Sylvia Rose Books on Smashwords Lora Ley Fantasy Fiction Series Reiker For Hire Murder Mysteries Sylvia Rose Art on Zazzle Preservation of skin or hide naturally occurs in bodies found in cold alpine mountains, especially in the heights where oxygen is depleted. One example is Ötzi, the 5,300-year-old mummy found murdered high in the Tyrolean Alps. In ancient Egypt, observation of natural mummification by dehydration in the hot dry climate inspires centuries of experimentation with body preservation. Egyptians preserve flesh of humans and other animals with resinous tannin-rich balms of Pinaceae, Acacia or Pistacia. See also: Castor Oil, Wigs & Death in Ancient Egypt Cattle Goddesses & the Cosmic Cow Bosporus: Black Sea Nature & Greek Myth Today's Zazzle Specials Smashwords Books Natural mummification or body preservation also happens in bogs. A combination of highly acidic water, low temperature, and a lack of oxygen preserve and heavily tan the skin of bog bodies. See also: Wild Women and Winter Tales Fänggen (Fangga): Man-Eaters of Tyrol Baltic Amber - Gold of the North Back to Top

Alum is an ingredient in processes such as dyeing fabric, tanning hides and water purification. Alum is ubiquitous in ancient and medieval times and its use dates back to the Bronze Age. Read: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure See also: Tanning Hides - the Ancient Process Pistachio: Turpentine, Resin & Nuts Mad Honey - What's the Buzz? Today's Zazzle Specials Smashwords Books Used in tanning or treatment of animal skins, alum also acts as a mordant or binder for natural dyes such as madder, weld and woad. It's popular in skin balm, as water freshener or sewage treatment. Types of alum such as Epsom salts are used for personal health. READ: Lora Ley Fantasy Fiction - German Mythology Adventures In Mesopotamia, ancient dyers use alum to fix red madder dye to textiles. It's still applied in farmstead or hand dyeing today. Known as allaharum, the salts are imported from Egypt to Mesopotamia lands with industrial levels of trade dating back to c. 2000 BCE. See also: Red Madder: Organic Ancient Colors Woad, the People's Blue: Ancient Pigments Egyptian Blue - First Synthetic Color Sylvia Rose Books on Smashwords Lora Ley Fantasy Fiction Series Reiker For Hire Murder Mysteries Sylvia Rose Art on Zazzle The ancient Egyptians are fond of blue. Cobalt alums from the Western Oases of Egypt yield deep blue glazes and glass. Other beautiful blues in Egyptian trade and commerce include lapis lazuli, turquoise, blue faience and Egyptian blue. Alum leather refers to leather produced by a tawing treatment method using aluminum salts, mainly sodium or potassium aluminum sulfate. Tawing, a process in which tannins are not used, also helps enhance the leather's resistance to bacteria, mold, and mildew. See also: Egyptian Blue Faience - Ceramic Glass Tanning Hides - Ancient Techniques Turquoise: Precious Stone of Ancients The process of tawing applies aluminum salts, usually with other ingredients such as egg yolk, flour or salt. Animal brains can be used (called braining) due to the conditioning action of fat and lecithin. For the brainless, egg yolks have similar components. Read: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure Today alum is used in depilatory waxes for the removal of body hair. It's also a demulcent, soothing irritation and inflammation on freshly waxed skin. See also: Castor Oil, Wigs & Death in Ancient Egypt Stymphalian Birds & Greek Heroics Bosporus: Black Sea Nature & Greek Myth Today's Zazzle Specials Smashwords Books To taste, most alums are astringent or acidic. Colorless and odorless, alums create a white crystalline powder. The name of the potassium mineral kalinate comes from Arabic al-qalyah or plant ashes. Kalium is the Latin term, giving potassium its chemical symbol, K. READ: Lora Ley Fantasy Fiction - German Mythology Adventures Alum can refer to a type of natural chemical compound such as sulfate salt, or is a general name for similar compounds or salts. The alums are a group of chemical compounds made of hydrated sulfate salts of aluminum and usually one other metal. See also: Hematite: Magnetic Iron Oxide Red Ancient Grains: Wheat, Barley, Millet, Rice Garnets - Gemstones of Blood and Life Sylvia Rose Books on Smashwords Lora Ley Fantasy Fiction Series Reiker For Hire Murder Mysteries Sylvia Rose Art on Zazzle Without an identifier, alum usually means potassium alum. Other alums include sodium and ammonium alum, named after their specific ions. The name "alum" is also broadly used for salts with the same basic formula and structure. READ: Reiker For Hire - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries In some compounds, aluminum is replaced by another metal ion like chromium, and/or sulfur is replaced by another mineral like selenium. The most common of these is chrome alum, used in hide tanning since c. 1840 CE. Tanning itself goes back to c. 7000 BCE. See also: Salt Trade - the Most Precious Mineral Cassiterite - Tin Source of Ancients Potnia: Mystery Goddess of Ancient Greece Today's Zazzle Specials Smashwords Books The western desert of Egypt is a primary source of alum substitutes in ancient times. These evaporites can be found in such geological features as caverns or dry sea beds. They include: Read: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure 1. Halotrichite, also known as feather alum, is a highly hydrated sulfate of aluminum and iron. Its chemical formula is FeAl2(SO4)4·22H2O. It forms fibrous, water-soluble crystals. See also: Khet, the Body: Death Rites of Ancient Egypt Natron - Ancient Embalming & Household Salts Stone Age Botai - First Horse People Today's Zazzle Specials Smashwords Books 2. Pickeringite is a magnesium aluminum sulfate mineral with formula MgAl2(SO4)4·22(H2O). In organic chemistry pickeringite forms a series or sequence of compounds with halotrichite. It's also found as an alteration product of pyrite, in aluminum-rich rocks or coal seams. READ: Lora Ley Fantasy Fiction - German Mythology Adventures 3. Tamarugite is a colorless sulfate mineral with the formula NaAl(SO4)2·6H2O. Deposits of tamarugite are found on all seven continents. The mineral's name comes from Tamarugal Pampa locality in Chile. It's also called lapparentite. See also: Tooth Worms of Ancient Mesopotamia Women of the Wild Hunt: Holle, Diana, Frigg Black Sea: Stone Age & Early History Today's Zazzle Specials Smashwords Books 4. Epsomite, Epsom salt (magnesium sulfate heptahydrate) is a magnesium sulfate mineral with formula MgSO4·7H2O. Epsomite most commonly forms as massive encrustations in limestone caverns. READ: Reiker For Hire - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries 5. Aluminum Sulfate, with chemical formula Al2(SO4)3·17H2O, is an odorless, white or colorless crystalline solid. It's used for water purification, tanning hides, sewage treatment, and making paper. See also: Egyptian Blue Lotus: Visionary Beauty Bird Woman Elwetritsch: German Folklore Lora Ley Fantasy Fiction Series Links Sylvia Rose Books on Smashwords Lora Ley Fantasy Fiction Series Reiker For Hire Murder Mysteries Sylvia Rose Art on Zazzle Ancient Greek historian Herodotus mentions Egyptian alum as a valuable commodity. The production of potassium alum from alunite is archaeologically attested on the island Lesbos. Read: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure Pliny the Elder describes the substance alumen in his Natural History. His description matches the account of stypteria (the Greek word for alum) by first-century physician Dioscorides. See also: Amazons - Warrior Women History & Myth Kermes Insect & Ancient Red Pigments Verdigris: Volatile Blue Green Pigment Today's Zazzle Specials Smashwords Books Pliny says a form of alumen (potassium sulfate), which he calls salsugoterrae, is found naturally in the earth. He affirms different substances are known as alumen, and that all are astringent and used in dyeing and medicine. See also: Horse in Dreams - Meaning of Horses Gold-of-Pleasure: Bronze Age Crops Figs - Food of the Ancient World Back to Top

The perception of the four elements defines the way a person sees the natural world and one's place within it. These fundamentals are building blocks of all matter and affect many aspects of culture. The One is the pure source, Chaos or wellspring from which they arise. Gold - Precious Metal of the Sun Chrysopoeia - Turning Lead into Gold Colors of Alchemy - White Albedo Purification Sylvia Rose Books The Four Elements originate c. 600 BCE and Western zodiac c. 2 AD in Greece, the latter following a tradition from Babylon. The Four Elements seen as physical components but also associated with qualities and characteristics extending beyond the material realm. READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure Earth - Virgo, Taurus, Capricorn - stability, fertility Air - Aquarius, Libra, Gemini - imagination, intellect Fire - Leo, Sagittarius, Aries - passion, vigor Water - Scorpio, Pisces, Cancer - intuition, harmony Colors of Alchemy: Black Nigredo Putrefaction Hesperus (Vesper) the Evening Star Aether: Born of Darkness, God of Light Sylvia Rose Books The concept of classical elements, as proposed by early Greek philosophers, considers them the fundamental creative forces of the universe. These elements are viewed as initially independent, each representing a unique aspect of nature. READ: Lora Ley Adventures - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series The "arche," or First Principle, is central to this philosophy. It suggests a primordial element from which all other substances and phenomena originate. A singular, foundational element basis aligns with the Neoplatonist concept. Nüwa: Chinese Primordial Snake Goddess Prima Materia: Elements of Alchemy Ouroboros Glyph: Snake Eating its Tail Sylvia Rose Books Referring to "the One", philosophers differ. Thales (c. 626-545 BCE) thinks the principle is water. Anaximander (c. 610-546 BCE) says the "One" is no known substance, but can be transformed to it. Anaximenes (c. 586-526 BCE) favors air; Heraclitus (c. 500 BCE), fire. Qualities of each element affect the interpretation of symbols and signs, but also formation of the subjective viewpoint of the individual. At this point it departs from the astral component and reconstructed by the passive mind to create aspects of self-image. Victorian Health: Sea Water Hydrotherapy Colors of Alchemy: Citrinitas Solar Yellow Golden Ages of Alchemy: Renaissance Sylvia Rose Books Neoplatonism expresses belief of "The One," the ultimate source or essence from which the cosmos emanates. The interconnectedness of these elements highlights a holistic view of the universe, where everything is intricately linked and derived from a common origin. READ: Reiker For Hire - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Many Neoplatonists believe the ultimate principle of the universe, the One, is "God". They also maintain the One doesn't directly create the entire universe of material things. Some Neoplatonist texts refer to gods alongside "God", the latter synonymous with the One. Yahweh: Warrior Origins, Name & Lore Hermes Trismegistus: Alchemy & the Occult Moon Magic - the Feminine Principle Sylvia Rose Books Other Neoplatonists are pagans. During the Golden Age of the Alexandrian philosophers, physicians and alchemists, many attempt to assimilate Christianity to the previous pagan views, while some reject the concept outright. The exploration of classical elements and the concept of "the One" thus provides a profound insight into ancient understanding of the cosmos and the interconnectedness of all things. It taps into the paradigm of psychologist Carl Jung's collective unconscious. Collective Unconscious: Seeking the One Baal Cycle - Myths of Ba'al Hadad Edelweiss: Alpine Flower of True Love Sylvia Rose Books The philosophical framework not only seeks to explain the physical world. It also delves into metaphysical and ontological inquiries, to explore the nature of existence and underlying principles governing reality. As the Early Modern period unfolds c. 1500 - 1700 AD, the influence of the Four Elements paradigm begins to wane. The rise of empirical science and the gradual shift towards a more rational understanding of the natural world leads in new directions. Zosimos: First Golden Age of Alchemy Mythic Fire Gods: Hephaestus of the Greek Ishum: Night Watchman & Fire God Sylvia Rose Books The variety of elemental theories found in different cultures attests to humanity's ongoing quest to understand the core of existence and the natural world. Delving into classical elements and their symbolic significance reveals the interconnected nature of all things. READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure READ: Lora Ley Adventures - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

In the mid Bronze Age the Minoan Greeks come under fire in more ways than one. A series of volcanic eruptions by the Cyclades island of Thera (Santorini, Thira) peaks c.1600 BCE, devestating the island and coastal settlements. Deaths are over 20,000. See also: Myth & Metallurgy - Metals of Antiquity Hepat - Sun Goddess of Aleppo Sulfur - Treasure of the Underworld Sylvia Rose Books on Smashwords Lora Ley Fantasy Fiction Series Reiker For Hire Murder Mysteries Sylvia Rose Art on Zazzle Earthquakes, landslides and a destructive tsunami stagger the Aegean region. Layers of ash cover islands. Plant life expires. The sky is dark for days. The eruption is one of the biggest volcanic events in the history of humanity. In the 2nd millennium BCE, the Greek mainland is home to the ambitious Myceneaens, with the capital Mycenae. The era of Greek history from c. 1600 BCE, the time of the volcanic eruption on Thera, to about 1100 BCE, the early Iron Age, is the Mycenaean period. See also: Bronze Age Ancients - Catacomb Culture Spiritual Alchemy: Obsidian Volcanic Glass Nature Spirits of German Mythology Today's Zazzle Specials Smashwords Books Mainland Mycenae is a triumph of Greek civilization. It's a vital center of trade, commerce and military might. The Mycenaen empire dominates most of Greece, Crete, the Cyclades and southern parts of Anatolia. On the island of Crete, the settled Minoans cast wary glances north, for the mainland Greeks have an aggressive approach and warlike reputation. In between are the people of the Cyclades Islands, a seafaring nation of about 220 islands in the Aegean Sea. See also: Gold - Precious Metal of the Sun Before the Vikings - Nordic Bronze Age The Many Faces of Frau Holle Today's Zazzle Specials Smashwords Books The Cyclades culture rises about the same time as the Minoans of Crete. While much of Greece in general shows nomadic or semi-agricultural habitation for thousands of years, permanent settlements begin c. 3000 BCE on the coast and islands of the Aegean Sea. From the Cyclades comes the famous pure white marble. The stone is used locally to make figurines, statues, talismans and decorations. Figurines are predominantly female although male versions occasionally appear. These items take on slight differences over the years, but retain the qualities of simplicity and clean lines. See also Zircon - the Primordial Gemstone Bronze Age Europe - The Amber Road Rosemary: Immortal Essence & Balm of Kings Sylvia Rose Books on Smashwords Lora Ley Fantasy Fiction Series Reiker For Hire Murder Mysteries Sylvia Rose Art on Zazzle In the myth of later generations, the Cyclades are nymphs turned into islands by Poseidon. They form a ring around the sacred island of Delos, where Apollo and his sister Artemis will be born in c. 800 BCE. Before the advent of the Greek Gods as the world knows them, trouble is brewing on the Island of Thera. The volcano is the caldera type, which spurts to amazing heights and collapses in on itself. See also: Ziu - Ancient Sky God of Germania Bronze Age Culture - Rise of Heavy Metals Earth Mother - Goddess of Life Today's Zazzle Specials Smashwords Books Volcanic activity isn't unusual and plays a major part in the activity of several Greek Islands. A volcanic arc wraps around the south Aegean. On the island of Thera, between Crete and mainland Greece, underground events lead to rumblings and shifts in the Earth. The early geological disturbances foreshadow the spectacular eruption in 1600 BCE. Deep within the Earth the pressure heats up and finally bursts. The volcano's plume soars 30 to 35 km (19 to 22 mi), up into the stratosphere. The eruption causes tsunamis 35 - 150 m (115 - 492 ft), wreaking havoc on the coast of Crete. See also: Bronze Age Ancients - Catacomb Culture Ancient Wild Predators - Eurasian Lion Ereshkigal Goddess of Underworld & Night Today's Zazzle Specials Smashwords Books Ash covers entire towns. On Thera, pumice, a lightweight volcanic stone, buries the town of Akrotiri. The geography changes drastically, as Thera breaks apart to become a group of small islands. On the island of Anafi, 27 km (17 mi) east, ash layers are 3 m (10 ft) deep. Pumice, occurs up to 250 m (820 ft) above sea level. On Crete, ash dates back to the pre-eruption period and could be seen as advance warning. Earth tremors went on for months before the volcano erupted. The town of Akrotiri near the eruption is wiped out, but the population is already gone. No human remains were found in Akrotiri See also: Ḫurri & Šeri - Hurrian Divine Bulls Mythical Pagan German Gods & Spirits Women of Alchemy - Mary the Jewess Sylvia Rose Books on Smashwords Lora Ley Fantasy Fiction Series Reiker For Hire Murder Mysteries Sylvia Rose Art on Zazzle Scientists continue to debate whether the tsunami following the eruption, or an earthquake before the eruption, decimated much of the coast of Crete. Effects of the cataclysm are evident in other cultures. In Greenland, the Thera eruption causes a spike in sulfates. From China come writings attesting to a yellow sky and crop failure. In Egypt, short term climate change due to the volcano creates heavy rain and floods. See also: Arsenic: Murderous Metal & Miracle Cure Divine Twins: Germanic & Greek Mythology Myth & Metallurgy - Metals of Antiquity Back to Top

The Four Elements of nature magic and philosophy, Earth, Air, Fire and Water, arise from ancient Greek thinkers around the 6th century BCE. It's similar to the Chinese model Wuxing; the collective unconscious; and the Whole as more than the sum of its parts. READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure Colors of Alchemy: Citrinitas Solar Yellow Zosimos: First Golden Age of Alchemy Women of Alchemy - Mary the Jewess Sylvia Rose Books The concept of four basic elements, earth (γῆ gê), water (ὕδωρ hýdōr), air (ἀήρ aḗr), and fire (πῦρ pŷr), dates from pre-Socratic times. The concept of the Four Elements as a group is first put forth by philosopher Empedocles (492 - 432 BCE) based on the work of Socrates. READ: Lora Ley Adventures - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series Greek philosopher Aristotle adds aether as an element in the 4th century BCE. These elements - earth, water, air, fire, and aether (ether, space) - are seen as building blocks of all matter. Shennong Primordial Farmer & Healer Cleopatra the Alchemist of Alexandria Chrysopoeia - Turning Lead into Gold Sylvia Rose Books This knowledge persists through the Middle Ages and into the Early modern period, deeply influencing European thought and culture. The classical elements, originating from ancient philosophies and beliefs, provide a framework for understanding the universe. From their incipience the archetypal elements have a strong impact on the development of human understanding and philosophical thought. This paradigm of Earth, Air, Fire and Water continues to resonate through the medieval into the Early modern period. Colors of Alchemy: Black Nigredo Putrefaction Egyptian Alchemy - Power of Eternity Alchemist Dippel: the Frankenstein Files Sylvia Rose Books In alchemy these elements combine, separate, coagulate, dissolve, ferment and vaporize. They're considered in their relationships to forces around and within them, their mutability and spiritual properties such as decomposition, purification, awakening and realization. Each element carries symbolic significance, associated with certain characteristics and qualities. In Greek philosophy, earth symbolizes stability and grounding. Air signifies intellect and communication, and fire embodies transformation and passion. Hypatia: Scholar & Martyr Alexandria Colors of Alchemy: White Albedo Purification Colors of Alchemy: Rubedo Magnum Opus Sylvia Rose Books Water represents fluidity and adaptability. The later inclusion of aether or space adds a dimension of spirituality and interconnectedness to the elemental system. Aether is the air breathed by the gods. This interpretation plays a key role in molding the worldview of medieval society, from alchemical practices to religious beliefs. These elemental concepts are not limited to Greece but appear in other ancient civilizations such as Angola, Tibet, India, and Mali. Khaos: Primal Goddess of Greek Myth Aether: Born of Darkness, God of Light Ba Bird & Sacred Ram - Ancient Egypt Sylvia Rose Books Despite variations in terminology and interpretations, the core idea of elemental balance and harmony remains consistent. In Tibetan culture, "air" might be called "wind," highlighting the dynamic and ever-changing nature of this element. READ: Reiker For Hire - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Similarly, aether, the fifth element, or "space," underscores the vast and boundless nature of the universe. Aether is around, in and above the other elements, characterized as a sphere rather than a flat circle. Cyrene: Huntress Queen of Greek Myth Aesculapian Snakes: Nature & Lore Eye of Ra Egypt - Wrath of the Woman Sylvia Rose Books Later astrologers, astronomers, philosophers and alchemists build upon this fundamental concept. The planets and zodiac signs embody elemental qualities. In traditional medicine ingredients can be categorized according to elemental influences. In Eastern tradition the alchemist and seeker works with the Wuxing system of philosophy using elements earth, wood, fire, metal and water. Wuxing is usually translated as Five Phases or Five Agents. It's used in disparate traditional Chinese fields of study. Elixir of Life: Alchemy & the Emperor Kamrushepa: Hittite Goddess of Magic Magic of the Circle: Spirituality & Lore Sylvia Rose Books Five Agents are Fire, Water, Wood, Metal, and Earth. The Wuxing system has been in use since its origin in the the second or first century BCE, during the Han dynasty. Wuxing elemental spiritualism addresses a wide array of phenomena. These include cosmic cycles, music, feng shui, wedding dates, organ function, alchemy, politics, astrology, martial arts, military strategy, I Ching divination and herbal medicines. Cleopatra the Physician of Greece Wolfsbane (Aconitum) Ancient Poisons Chamomile - Herbology & Folklore Sylvia Rose Books This interconnectedness is reminiscent of the collective unconscious model by renowned analytical psychologist Carl Jung (1875 - 1961). Jung asserts there exists a shared reservoir of universal experiences and symbolic imagery, coming together in the wholeness of being. Neoplatonism expresses belief of "The One," the ultimate source or essence from which the cosmos emanates. The interconnectedness of elements highlights a holistic view of the universe, where everything is intricately linked and derived from a common origin. Parabalani: Medics & Murderous Mobs Hermes Trismegistus: Alchemy & the Occult Emerald Tablet - Sacred Alchemy Text Sylvia Rose Books This philosophical framework not only seeks to explain the physical world. It also delves into the metaphysical and ontological inquiries, exploring the nature of existence and the underlying principles governing reality. Queen Eleanor and the Calamitous Crusade Plight of the Lutzelfrau - A Lora Ley Novella Women Scientists of the Ancient World READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure READ: Lora Ley Adventures - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

In alchemy, albedo (whiteness) is the second in four major stages of the Magnum Opus, along with nigredo, citrinitas and rubedo. After the confusion of nigredo, this phase is concerned with bringing light and clarity to the prima materia (the First Matter). Colors of Alchemy: Black Nigredo Putrefaction Colors of Alchemy: Rubedo Red Magnum Opus Prima Materia: First Matter of Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books After the tumultuous chaos of the nigredo stage, the alchemist or practitioner embarks on a transformative journey towards purification in the albedo phase. This crucial stage, known as ablutio, symbolizes a profound cleansing process. READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure Impurities are washed away, opening channels for spiritual and inner renewal. It is a time of mental seeking and purification, where the individual strives for clarity and enlightenment. White Pigments of Ancient Artisans Alchemy: Science, Philosophy, Magic Elderberry Tree: Germanic Nature Lore Sylvia Rose Books In alchemical philosophy, the process of transformation involves dividing the subject into two opposing principles to represent the duality inherent in all things. This division is a vital step before the coagulation and unification of these opposites to achieve a state of harmony. Unification and harmony of opposites (coincidentia oppositorum) is achieved during the rubedo stage. This phase marks the culmination of the alchemical work, where the prima materia is refined and transmuted into its perfected form. Spiritual Magic - Numbers Three & Nine Immortal - Quest for the Elixir of Life What is the Philosopher's Stone? Sylvia Rose Books The process applies both to physical substances and the spiritual and psychological aspects of a person. After initial stages of dissolution and putrefaction, signifying breakdown of the old self, comes the rebirth and integration of the purified elements of the soul. READ: Reiker For Hire - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries This inner alchemy mirrors the external processes observed in the laboratory. It emphasizes the interconnectedness of the microcosm and the macrocosm. Ouroboros Glyph: Snake Eating its Tail Nüwa: Chinese Primordial Snake Goddess Chrysopoeia - Turning Lead into Gold Sylvia Rose Books Throughout history, alchemical symbolism has been a rich source of inspiration for artists, writers, and philosophers. In medieval literature, intricate allegories and metaphors are used to convey the teachings of alchemy. The dove, representing purity and spiritual ascent, is often associated with the albedo stage, symbolizing emergence of the transcendent self from ashes of the old. The raven, a sign of darkness and mystery, is linked to nigredo, the initial stage of inner work and transformation. Hypatia: Scholar & Martyr Alexandria Women Scientists of the Ancient World Aether: Born of Darkness, God of Light Sylvia Rose Books Psychologist Carl Jung's concept of albedo delves deep into the realm of the unconscious, shedding light on the intricate dynamics of the human psyche. The albedo symbolizes a profound journey towards self-discovery and inner transformation. READ: Lora Ley Adventures - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series Particularly important is the exploration of contrasexual soul images - the anima for men and animus for women. This phase is a pivotal moment of realization, where one dispels shadow projections, the overemphasized ego, and removes needless concepts clouding the mind. Asclepius: Greek Medicine Snake God Parabalani: Medics & Murderous Mobs Women of Alchemy - Mary the Jewess Sylvia Rose Books The albedo serves as a gateway to a heightened state of awareness and consciousness. It signifies a deep awakening, transcending boundaries of individual identity, familial ties, or national affiliations. This transformative experience opens the door to a broader understanding of the world, where one's perspective shifts from a narrow focus on the self to a more holistic view of existence. Through the albedo phase, individuals embark on a journey of actualization. Zosimos: First Golden Age of Alchemy Hermes Trismegistus: Alchemy & the Occult Honey Mead: Most Ancient Ambrosia Sylvia Rose Books This stage of inner growth and self-realization clears the way for the authentic integrated sense of self. It is a process of purification and enlightenment, where the depths of the unconscious are illuminated, leading to a greater sense of wholeness and harmony within. READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure READ: Lora Ley Adventures - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Citrinitas is an alchemical term for "yellowness." It is one of the four major stages of the alchemical magnum opus. In alchemical philosophy, citrinitas represents the dawning of the solar light inherent in one's being. READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure Colors of Alchemy: Black Nigredo Putrefaction Colors of Alchemy - White Albedo Purification Colors of Alchemy: Rubedo Magnum Opus Sylvia Rose Books “When you come right down to it all you have is yourself. The sun is a thousand rays in your belly. All the rest is nothing.” Pablo Picasso (1881 - 1973) READ: Lora Ley Adventures - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series At this point the reflective, introspective lunar or soul light is no longer necessary. Nigredo breaks down the substance to create anew. Albedo cleanses and purifies. Citrinitas shines with confidence as the alchemist moves toward rubredo, the Great Work or magnum opus. Alchemy: Science, Philosophy, Magic Zosimos: First Golden Age of Alchemy Hypatia: Scholar & Martyr Alexandria Sylvia Rose Books In total the four alchemical stages are nigredo (blackness) - putrefaction, decomposition, spiritual death albedo (whiteness) - cleansing, purification, self-reflective, moon citrinitas (yellowness) - solar dawn or awakening rubedo (redness) - achievement, harmony, purpose, magnum opus Golden Ages of Alchemy: Renaissance Khaos: Primal Goddess of Greek Myth Alchemist Dippel: the Frankenstein Files Sylvia Rose Books Psychologist Carl Jung is credited with interpreting the alchemical process as analogous to modern-day psychoanalysis. In the Jungian archetypal schema, nigredo is the Shadow; albedo refers to the male anima and female animus (contrasexual soul images). READ: Reiker For Hire - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Citrinitas is the wise old man or woman archetype; and rubedo is the Self archetype which has achieved wholeness. The concept of citrinitas in alchemy symbolizes not just a physical transformation but a spiritual and psychological evolution. Chamomile - Herbology & Folklore Hermes Trismegistus: Alchemy & the Occult Aether: Born of Darkness, God of Light Sylvia Rose Books Carl Jung's interpretation of citrinitas delves deeper into the human psyche, associating it with the elder archetype. This archetype embodies wisdom, experience, and a deep understanding of the self and the world. It represents the stage where one's inner light, symbolized by the sun, begins to shine brightly, illuminating the path to self-realization and enlightenment. At this point the seeker has acquired new levels of wisdom and awareness through a time of self-revelation. Black Pigments of Ancient Artisans Baba Yaga - Slavic Forest Witch Sun God of Heaven - Hittite Solar Deity Sylvia Rose Books This phase transitions from relying on external influences, represented by the moon, to embracing one's innate wisdom and inner knowing. Citrinitas is not always a necessary separate stage. It creates the bridge between purification (white) and realization (red). It signifies a stage of life where one has integrated past experiences and gained profound insights, leading to a more balanced and harmonious existence. The journey through the alchemical stages mirrors the individuation process in Jungian psychology. Ereshkigal & the Mesopotamian Underworld The Bronze Monkey of Heidelberg Chrysopoeia - Turning Lead into Gold Sylvia Rose Books Citrinitas represents a crucial step towards individuation, where the individual recognizes and embraces a unique identity and purpose. It is a phase of inner transformation that paves the way for self-actualization and the realization of full potential. READ: Reiker For Hire - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries READ: Lora Ley Adventures - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure Back to Top

Four color stages are required to reach the Magnum Opus, the Great Work or the Philosopher's Stone of the alchemist. These are nigredo (black), aldebo (white), citrinitas (yellow) and rubedo (red). Here's rubedo with a bit of citrinitas in context of all four colors. READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure Chrysopoeia - Turning Lead into Gold Black Pigments of Ancient Artisans What is the Philosopher's Stone? Sylvia Rose Books The four alchemic colors are defined by their Latin names. nigredo (blackness) which represents putrefaction and spiritual death albedo (whiteness), which represents purification citrinitas (yellowness), the solar dawn or awakening rubedo (redness), the final and crucial stage READ: Lora Ley Adventures - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series Rubedo is used by alchemists to designate the ultimate and concluding phase in the magnum opus or great work. The color red is closely linked with both gold and the philosopher's stone. White Pigments of Ancient Artisans Gold - Precious Metal of the Sun Zosimos: First Golden Age of Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books Citrinitas, or sometimes xanthosis, is a term given by alchemists to "yellowness." In alchemical philosophy, citrinitas stands for the dawning of the "solar light" inherent in one's being. READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure Psychologist Carl Jung interprets the alchemical process as analogous to psychoanalysis. In the Jungian archetype: nigredo is the Shadow albedo refers to the anima (man) and animus (woman) - contrasexual soul images citrinitas is the wise old man or woman archetype rubedo is the Self archetype which has achieved wholeness Hypatia: Scholar & Martyr Alexandria Golden Ages of Alchemy: Renaissance Red Ocher (Ochre) Ancient Pigments Sylvia Rose Books The alchemical process can also happen in three phases as shown. Here citrinitas bridges albedo and rubedo. In the rubedo stage, the alchemist needs to integrate the psychospiritual outcomes of the process into a unified sense of self, before reintegrating into the world. READ: Reiker For Hire - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries During this transformative stage, individuals embark on a profound journey of self-discovery and growth. It can extend over a significant period, potentially lasting several years. This prolonged duration is essential. Khaos: Primal Goddess of Greek Myth Hematite: Magnetic Iron Oxide Red Pagan Solstice Fests: Saturnalia Sylvia Rose Books Rubedo signifies triumph and the culmination of the great work. It's also known by the Greek term iosis, literally meaning uncountable. In alchemy, the concept of Rubedo is the final stage of the magnum opus, attainment of enlightenment and spiritual transformation. READ: Lora Ley Adventures - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series This phase is characterized by the color red, symbolizing the fiery passion and energy that accompanies the union of opposites. The process of achieving Rubedo involves the integration of all aspects of the self, leading to a state of wholeness and self-realization. Ruby, Rubies: Passion, Blood and Fire Aether: Born of Darkness, God of Light Prima Materia: Elements of Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books It's a time of rebirth and renewal, where the alchemist emerges from the darkness of the unconscious to embrace the light of consciousness. The term iosis emphasizes the ineffable nature of this stage, highlighting its transcendent and boundless qualities. As such, Rubedo is not just a physical transformation, but a profound spiritual awakening. It marks the culmination of the alchemical journey towards inner balance and self-discovery. Cleopatra the Alchemist of Alexandria Hermes Trismegistus: Alchemy & the Occult Women of Alchemy - Mary the Jewess Sylvia Rose Books It involves the intricate process of synthesizing and validating a multitude of deep insights and experiences gained along the way. Each experience, whether positive or challenging, contributes to the individual's overall transformation. READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure The experiences shape perspectives, beliefs, and understanding of the Self and the world. The meticulous nature of this stage requires introspection, reflection, and a willingness to confront and integrate various aspects of one's identity and past. Parabalani: Medics & Murderous Mobs Elixir of Life: Alchemy & the Emperor Women of the Wild Hunt: Holle, Diana, Frigg Sylvia Rose Books It is a time of profound inner work, where one might grapple with values, aspirations, fears and limitations, ultimately leading to a more authentic and aligned sense of self. Navigating this process, a person may encounter both clarity and confusion. READ: Reiker For Hire - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Breakthroughs, setbacks, and growth are integral to the transformative journey. This stage serves as a pivotal point in one's personal evolution, laying the foundation for continued growth, self-awareness, and fulfillment in the years to come. Lead White & Minium Red: Colors to Die For Amentet Goddess of Death Egypt Women Scientists of the Ancient World Sylvia Rose Books Alchemical symbols for the red stage are rich and varied, including blood, a phoenix, a rose, a crowned king, or a figure draped in red. References to the reddening process abound. READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure The seventeenth dictum of the 12th-century Turba Philosophorum is a notable example: O Turba of Philosophers and disciples, now hast thou spoken about making into white, but it yet remains to treat concerning the reddening! Know, all ye seekers after this Art, that unless ye whiten, ye cannot make red, because the two natures are nothing other than red and white. Whiten, therefore, the red, and redden the white! Vermilion - Scarlet Pigment of Death Cinnabar (Mercury Sulfide) Red Death Garnets - Gemstones of Blood and Life Sylvia Rose Books The Turba Philosophorum (c. 900 AD) or Assembly of the Philosophers, is one of the oldest European alchemy texts, translated from Arabic. It's included in the Theatrum Chemicum, the most comprehensive collection on alchemy in the Western world. READ: Reiker For Hire - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Within the framework of psychological development, particularly among proponents of Jungian psychology, these four alchemical steps are seen as mirroring the journey towards individuation or, the process by which an individual becomes distinct. Mercury (Quicksilver): Miracle Metal of Madness Sulfur - Treasures of the Underworld Orpiment - Painter's Golden Poison Sylvia Rose Books This process enables an individual to achieve the harmonious integration of opposing forces. The aim is transcendence, and ultimately emergence from an undifferentiated unconscious state. READ: Lora Ley Adventures - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series Marking the culmination of the four stages, rubedo is seen as merging ego and Self. This stage is not only the genesis of a new personality but also a transformation that is irreversible, signifying the self's arduous journey towards self-realization. Red Madder: Organic Ancient Colors Elderberry Tree: Germanic Nature Lore Great Women Artists - Käthe Kollwitz Sylvia Rose Books It can be seen as a "reunification" process, involving harmonization of body, soul, and spirit, leading to self-expression and a reduction in internal conflicts. Self appears in a state of wholeness, where a person realizes her own authentic essence. Amazons - Warrior Women History & Myth Wolpertinger - German Myths & Folklore Horse in Dreams - Meaning of Horses Back to Top