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Hair loss and baldness ( alopecia ) is a fear in ancient times, if hair is a sign of status, youth or virility. First century AD Greek physician Dioscorides records natural medicines of plants or animal parts. Here are nine of Dioscorides' remedies for bald spots, hair loss and more. Agathodaemon: Fire, Silver & Alchemy Rasayana: Alchemy & Health of India Mandalas: Psychology & Art Therapy Sylvia Rose Books Dioscorides is considered the Father of Pharmacognosy, the study of drugs obtained from medicinal plants, animals, fungi, and other natural sources. These might be in crude form needing refinement or mixed into specific preparation. 1. Pine ( Pinus ) Pitch "Picinum is made from the watery matter of pitch which swims on top (like whey on milk that has been separated). This is taken away while boiling the pitch by laying clean wool over it which is made moist by the steam ascending up. Psychology: the Conscious Ego (Self) Caraway Spice - Herbology & Folklore Cupellation: Alchemy Process of Metals Sylvia Rose Books It is squeezed out into a jar and this is done for as long as the pitch is boiling. It is available for the same purposes as liquid pitch. Applied as a poultice with barley meal it restores hair fallen out from baldness . Liquid pitch also cures the same, and rubbed on them it cures boils and scabs on cattle." Pine pitch is a major ingredient in turpentine production. In Europe, Scots pine is the primary producer. As a natural remedy turpentine is used for centuries. Extracting turpentine from pitch pine involves collecting resin from the tree, which is then distilled to obtain the essential oil. Baltic Amber - Gold of the North Alchemy: Science, Philosophy, Magic Women of the Wild Hunt: Holle, Diana, Frigg Sylvia Rose Books 2. Hedgehog ( Erinaceus ) "The burnt skin of the earth hedgehog is good for alopecia ( baldness ) rubbed on with moist pitch. The dried flesh (taken in a drink with honey or vinegar and honey) helps inflamed kidneys, water under the skin, and those who have convulsions, elephantiasis or malnutrition. It dries up discharges from the bowels and liver. Dried in a sun-dried clay jar, and stored, then given, it does as much good for the same things." Ouroboros Glyph: Snake Eating its Tail Natural Health: Paracelsus & Hermetic Principles Complexes: Psychology of the Psyche Sylvia Rose Books 3. Common Reed ( Arundo phragmites ) Thin, inclined to whiteness, known to all ... whose root, bruised, crumbled and applied either by itself or with bulbus, draws out splinters and thorns. It soothes limbs that are out of joint, and pains of the loins with vinegar. Pounded green leaves can heal erysipela (skin infection) and inflammations. The bark, burned and applied with vinegar cures hair loss & baldness. The flowers of the reeds falling into the ears cause deafness. The harundo reed, called cypria , has similar effectiveness." Elixir of Life: Alchemy & the Emperor Ancient Marsh Muse - Rough Horsetail Unus Mundus One World: Psychology Sylvia Rose Books The leaves, roots, seeds, and stems of phragmites are edible. Young shoots can be cooked or eaten raw, similar to bamboo shoots. The young stems, when still green and fleshy, can be dried and crushed into a fine powder. The hydrated powder can be roasted like marshmallows. Livestock graze on phragmites, controlling spread of the plant, thus providing humans with meat, milk, leather or wool. Reed mats and baskets are primary trade materials of Sumerian and other early delta civilizations. Ornithomancy - Prophecy by the Birds Al-Mi'raj: Unicorn Hare of Arab Myth Bird Woman Elwetritsch: German Folklore Sylvia Rose Books 4. Hippokampus - Sea Horse "Hippocampus is a little living creature of the sea that is burnt and the ashes used either in goose grease, liquid pitch, or ointment amaracinum. Rubbed on it fills up bald spots with hair." Today, seahorse populations are endangered as a result of overfishing and habitat loss. Consumption of seahorses is widespread in traditional Asian medicine, primarily in connection with impotence, wheezing, nocturnal enuresis, pain and labor induction. Numinous: Beholding the Divine Ancient Egypt Remedies: Ebers Papyrus Sublime Vision of Hermes Trismegistus Sylvia Rose Books Up to 20 million seahorses may be caught each year to be sold for such uses. A variation on snake wine in traditional medicine, seahorse wine is taken medicinally, originating in Vietnam. 5. Common Walnut, English Walnut ( Juglans regia ) "(The nuts) are hard to digest when eaten, hurt the stomach, produce bile, breed headaches and are worthless for those who have a cough, but good to make one vomit if eaten while fasting. They are antidotes against poisons eaten before or after, or with figs and rue. Figs - Food of the Ancient World Giant Cinnamon Birds of Arabia Abu - Ancient Vegetation Snake God Sylvia Rose Books Eaten in a great quantity they expel broadworms. They are laid on inflamed breasts, suppurations and dislocations with a little honey and rue. With onions, salt and honey they are good for those bitten by dogs or bitten by men. The putamen [seed vessels] burnt and pounded in oil and wine and rubbed on the heads of children is good to make the hair pleasing and fills up patches of baldness and hair loss . The kernel is burnt, pounded into small pieces, and applied with wine to stop the menstrual flow. Wandering Womb - Ancient Medicine Alkahest: Alchemy Panacea & Solvent Herbs & Natural Remedies - Ancient Egypt Sylvia Rose Books The kernels of old caryae chewed and applied as a poultice cure gangrene, carbuncles and baldness  out of hand. Oil is made of them bruised and pressed out. The green (younger ones) are sweeter and less hurtful to the stomach. As a result they are mixed with garlic to remove the tartness of it. They take away black and blue spots when applied." Chamomile - Herbology & Lore Pseudo-Geber: Medieval Alchemy What is the Philosopher's Stone? Sylvia Rose Books In south Italy, Benevento is known for its tradition of stregoneria (the Old Religion). Witches are said to come from throughout Italy to hold sabbats near the revered walnut tree. From 1523 comes documentation of witches who venerate a goddess of an ancient walnut tree. 6. Hare ( Lepus timidus  or Lepus europaeus ) "The brain of a land hare (eaten roasted) is good for the trembling that comes from fear, as well as rubbed on or eaten for teething in children. The head burnt and rubbed on with bears’ grease or vinegar cures baldness . The curds taken in a drink three days after the menstrual are reported to cause sterility. The Mystic Victorian - Fortune Telling Rosemary: Immortal Essence & Balm of Kings Azoth: Divine Substance of Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books Likewise it stops excessive discharges of the womb and bowels. It helps those with falling sickness, and taken as a drink with vinegar it is good against poisons [antidote], especially for curdling of the milk [while breastfeeding], and for the bites of vipers. The blood rubbed on while warm cures sunspots, leprosy and freckles."  7. Karua Pontika (Nux pontica) - Hazelnut "Also called leptocarya they are worthless for the stomach, yet pounded into small pieces and taken as a drink with honey and water they cure old coughs. Roasted and eaten with a little pepper they digest dripping fluids. Chrysopoeia - Turning Lead into Gold Mugwort (Wormwood) Herbal Lore Khaos: Primal Goddess of Greek Myth Sylvia Rose Books Burnt whole, pounded into small pieces with goose grease or bear grease, and rubbed on they restore hair that has fallen out from balding . Some say that the shells burnt and pounded into small pieces together with oil make the pupils of gray-eyed children black if the forepart of the head is moistened with it." In Iran, unlike such nuts as pistachios and walnuts, hazelnuts are not usually consumed alone, but rather as one of the main components of ājil (assortment of nuts), whether fresh or roasted. Hazelnut roasting and consumption evidence is found dating to c. 6000 BCE in Scotland. Alchemy Symbols in Psychology Pistachio: Turpentine, Resin & Nuts Ephedra - Oldest Medical Stimulant Herb Sylvia Rose Books 8. Bear Fat (Bear Grease) "Bears’ fat is thought to make hair that was destroyed by hair loss grow again." Bear fat (bear grease) combined with skunk oil is also used to early New World traders to ward off the intense assaults of mosquitos and blackflies in Canada. 9. Goat Hooves "The hooves of goats burnt and rubbed on with vinegar cure baldness ." This recipe is also written using goat dung applied with honey and vinegar to the bald spot. Baltic Amber in Folklore and Myth Cinnabar (Mercury Sulfide) Red Death Casting the Bones - Astragalomancy Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: A Little History World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Fiction Books: READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Calcination is a crucial process in sciences such as metallurgy and chemistry. A process of ancient alchemists, it's used allegorically in spiritual alchemy. In calcination, materials are subjected to intense heat. READ: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Galena: Soft Silver Lead Ore Cupellation: Alchemy Process of Metals Agathodaemon: Fire, Silver & Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books In calcination the material is exposed to high temperatures, usually ranging from 700°C (1292°F) to 1100°C (2012°F), within a controlled environment like a furnace or kiln. This process is essential for transforming the physical and chemical properties of the material. The selection of the temperature range is a critical factor in determining the success of the calcination process. Lower temperatures may not achieve the desired changes, while higher temperatures can lead to over-calcination, affecting the material's integrity. Zosimos: First Golden Age of Alchemy Cleopatra the Alchemist of Alexandria Silver - Queen of Precious Metals Sylvia Rose Books The atmosphere in which the calcination takes place, oxidizing or reducing, is significant to the final product. In an oxidizing atmosphere, the material is exposed to oxygen, promoting oxidation reactions to enhance certain properties like color or strength. READ: World of Alchemy: A Little History On the other hand, a reducing atmosphere, with limited oxygen, can prevent unwanted reactions and preserve specific characteristics of the material. The choice of temperature and atmosphere depends on the type of material being processed and the desired outcome. Baldness: 9 Natural Cures by Physician Dioscorides Alchemy: Science, Philosophy, Magic Women of the Wild Hunt: Holle, Diana, Frigg Sylvia Rose Books In metallurgy, calcination extracts metals from ores by repelling volatile components. The calcination process is versatile, ensuring the material undergoes the necessary transformations to meet specific requirements. Intense heat removes volatile compounds and moisture. In the production of ceramics, calcination helps remove impurities and improve the material's sintering ability. Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure, without melting, to the point of liquefaction. Psychology: the Conscious Ego (Self) Egyptian Blue Faience - Ceramic Glass Spagyria: Botanical Science of Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books This process induces chemical transformations. A primary objectives of calcination is to remove unwanted elements and enhance the material's purity. In spiritual alchemy, it strengthens the soul. After calcination the substance can be further processed, or used in different applications. Calcination plays a vital role in the production of numerous essential materials. For instance, in cement production, limestone undergoes calcination to create quicklime (calcium oxide).   Sistrum (Sistra) Music: Ancient Egypt Mystique of Nous: Awareness & Perception Spiritual Alchemy: Cupellation Process Limestone Calcination Sylvia Rose Books Similarly, in the manufacturing of ceramics, calcination removes organic components from raw materials, ensuring the final product's structural integrity and desired properties. The process is commonly used in the extraction of metals from ores. In metallurgy the method helps separate valuable metals from unwanted elements through controlled heating. Calcination alters the crystal structure or composition of substances. Complexes: Psychology of the Psyche Spiritual Alchemy: Fixatio (Fixation) Mystique of Nous: Awareness & Perception Sylvia Rose Books In alchemy, calcination is the first of twelve processes suggested for the transformation of a substance. The number of processes and their functions depends on the alchemist. Alchemy cannot be stuck into a box and labeled like rocks. It is a flowing interactive experience. Alchemists recognize three types of calcination: actual, potential and philosophical. Actual calcination results from direct exposure to fire, such as wood, coals, or other fuel, heated to a certain temperature. Quest for Immortality - Qin Shi Huang Collective Unconscious: Seeking the Whole Spiritual Alchemy: Touching the Divine Sylvia Rose Books Potential calcination is achieved through use of substances which act like fire, such as corrosive chemicals. Gold is calcined in a furnace with mercury and sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride); silver with common salt and alkali salt; and tin with antimony. Copper is calcined with sulfur and salt; iron with sal ammoniac and vinegar; lead with sulfur; mercury with nitric acid. In philosophical calcination , horns, bones or hooves are hung over boiling liquid until they lose mucilage and can be ground to powder. Corycian Caves, Bee Nymphs & Greek Gods Sublime Vision of Hermes Trismegistus Active Imagination: Creative Therapy Sylvia Rose Books Thermal decomposition, also known as thermolysis, is the breakdown of a substance due to heat. The decomposition temperature indicates the point at which the substance breaks down chemically. This process typically requires heat to disrupt the chemical bonds in the compound undergoing decomposition. In cases where the decomposition is highly exothermic, releasing a large amount of energy, it can cause an explosion or trigger another chemical reaction. Zodiac, Astrology & Jungian Psychology Synchronicity: Psychology of Coincidence Alchemy Symbols: Tail of the Peacock Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction: World of Alchemy: A Little History World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Fiction Books: READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Cupellation involves smelting and manipulation of metals to improve their qualities or separate them into components. Silver is often smelted from lead using the process of cupellation. The alchemist coaxes precious metals from red-hot ores with care. READ: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Women Scientists of the Ancient World Spiritual Alchemy: Fixatio (Fixation) Silver - Queen of Precious Metals Sylvia Rose Books In spiritual alchemy, there's no risk of going up in flames. Alchemy methods can be used for spiritual enlightenment, self-improvement, health and well-being. A technique can be used in itself, or as part of a larger process, bearing in mind the overall process of life itself. For background info, take a glance at the process of cupellation  for metals. The physical aspect sheds more light onto the spiritual side and promotes thinking in a holistic way. Allegory of the Cave: Vision and Truth Synchronicity: Psychology of Coincidence Collective Unconscious: Seeking the Whole Sylvia Rose Books In this process, with spiritual alchemy, unfavorable elements are released or rejected through awareness and psychic manipulation. The quintessence  of the subject (practitioner) becomes clear. The shining life force inherent in all things, quintessence connects to the anima mundi, world soul or collective unconscious. Likewise this energy attunes to the physical world, creating a bridge between the individual and the Whole. Mystique of Nous: Awareness & Perception Tria Prima of Paracelsus: Three Primes Classic Elements & Concept of the One Sylvia Rose Books Deep within the levels of consciousness lie entanglements and fusions, created naturally in response to incoming and recurring stimuli. The practitioner may not even be aware of these, but they can block essential energy. Conversely they can create important connections. READ: World of Alchemy: A Little History Thus it's important to reduce inner elements down to their simplest states. Some are more complex than imagined. The point is to draw out the valuable nuggets within, without a lot of time spent to navigate needless roadblocks. Complexes: Psychology of the Psyche Individuation: Process and Philosophy Depth Psychology: Search for Meaning Sylvia Rose Books The alchemist doesn't always know what exists within an ore. For instance it's hard to see the silver in lead. Silver has a ~3x higher heating point than lead. The lead melts away as slag and silver remains. The process can be repeated until the desired purification is reached. To the ancients, this kind of metallurgy is magical. Magic plays a strong role in the spirituality of early civilizations including Egypt, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, India, China and more. It's part of daily life and spirituality. Physicians incorporate magic into the nature of healing. Alchemy: Processes Used by Alchemists Zodiac Alchemy - Metals & Planets Unus Mundus One World: Psychology Sylvia Rose Books Using the magic of metals one can understand the process of transmutation, or changing an element to another. In spiritual alchemy, processes for bringing out gold and silver from base metal are skills to be honed. Experimentation is encouraged. Basically, the process takes the understanding of the Self and examines it from all sides, like the metal manipulation of the alchemist. Within this base metal exists something precious. It is the quintessence of life. Its glow seems blocked. Baldness: 9 Natural Cures by Physician Dioscorides Agathodaemon: Fire, Silver & Alchemy Mandalas: Psychology & Art Therapy Sylvia Rose Books Shaping and manipulating metals is like "mulling things over" in the mind. What is blocking the glow of the soul light? Sometimes it's denial or suppression of a characteristic one deems as wrong, based on the perceived judgment of others. Perhaps it's an ill-fitting persona . Perhaps the focus is too many projects or too many favors for friends. Maybe these shapeless activities are a distraction from vital elements a person doesn't want to face. Too many minds can split a person apart. Archetypes - Personality & the Persona Ancient Egypt Remedies: Ebers Papyrus Sublime Vision of Hermes Trismegistus Sylvia Rose Books Look for "inclusions", elements in rocks or metals that change the properties of the metal or rock. For instance Himalayan rock salt is pink due to iron oxide inclusions. If the iron's taken out, the substance loses its distinctions and becomes like any other rock salt. Some inclusions add dynamic traits to a substance, like insects in amber. These make the substance, or psyche, unique and individual. They may seem unfavorable due to the societal pressures to "fit in". They can also deflect from the real issue. Rasayana: Alchemy & Health of India Numinous: Beholding the Divine Stephanus of Alexandria: the Last Intellectual Sylvia Rose Books The point is to focus on the "precious" elements, which may be luck, special traits or skills, virtues like compassion and forgiveness. The more a person focusses on a thing, the bigger it becomes, whether harmful or beneficial. One person can't tell another how to manage this process. It's based on unique individual composition and part of the larger process of life. Spiritual alchemy can guide a seeker but cannot provide simple answers like a trivia game. The Great Library of Alexandria Unus Mundus One World: Psychology World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books There are many ways to approach a situation in spiritual alchemy. Meditation is always good. Automatic writing or drawing can pull up images, symbols and reveal unseen connections. Or, a practitioner can "consume" or take in ingredients as thoughts, by reading and research, and let them percolate to find their forms and perspectives. Dreams may produce symbols or feelings especially relevant to the experience of the process or condition. Cleopatra the Alchemist of Alexandria Zodiac, Astrology & Jungian Psychology The Pauli Effect - Quarks or Quacks? In cupellation one focuses on qualities desired and lets the rest drizzle into slag. Maybe someday it will be melted down, too. Meanwhile, we are grateful for the amazing qualities deep within the mysterious, delightful thing we call Self. Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: A Little History World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Fiction Books: READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Caraway (Carum carvi) is a cooking and medicinal herb with a pungent anise taste, known for its strong spicy fruits, called seeds. It's used in food, aromatherapy, folk remedies, magic and medicine. Natural Health: Paracelsus & Hermetic Principles Alkahest: Panacea & Solvent Alchemy Spagyria: Botanical Science of Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books Also known as meridian fennel  or Persian cumin , caraway is native to western Asia, Europe, and North Africa. Use of caraway goes back to prehistory. Fossilized fruits are found in Stone Age habitations and the herb was used by early Egyptians. Pedanius Dioscorides, physician, botanist and pharmacologist of Ancient Greece, describes the plant in the 1st century AD. Azoth: Divine Substance of Alchemy Emerald Tablet - Sacred Alchemy Text Egyptian Blue Lotus: Visionary Beauty Sylvia Rose Books His authority has influence. Known as "the father of pharmacognosy", Pedanius writes a 5-volume Greek directory of botanical medicines, De materia medica. For 1,500 years it's the go-to encyclopedia of herbal health for the Mediterranean and elsewhere. A popular ingredient, caraway is easily naturalized and common in contemporary gardens. It likes soil with good drainage and plenty of organic matter, and long warm days of sunlight. Chamomile - Herbology & Folklore Einkorn Wheat - First Domestic Crops White Pigments of Ancient Artisans   Sylvia Rose Books Cultivated in Morocco, caraway is known to the ancient Romans and Arabians. Today, Poland, Germany, the Netherlands and Finland are the top producers of caraway. Most people are familiar with the fruits of the plant, informally called seeds. Caraway Health Benefits Carum carvi is related to carrots and dill. All parts of the plant are edible. Some types of bread, such as rye, Irish soda bread; also sauerkraut, desserts, cheese, liquor and stews use caraway. Caraway leaves can be added to salad and the root cooked and eaten like parsnip. Mahaleb Cherry: Spice, Nature & Myth Complexes: Psychology of the Psyche Pistachio: Turpentine, Resin & Nuts Sylvia Rose Books Caraway fruits are a rich source of protein, B vitamins, vitamin C, iron, phosphorus, zinc and other dietary minerals. According to health standards a rich source is 20% or more per 100 g. They're also strong in phytochemicals, the compound in plants which helps them repel insects and resist disease. Health benefits of phytochemicals on humans are still under scientific scrutiny, but in folk magic and herbal lore the plant offers protection against illness. Pomegranate - Food of the Ancients Cinnamon - Spice Trade of Ancients Psychology: the Conscious Ego (Self) Sylvia Rose Books Although used as an appetite stimulant it can also work in the opposite way, which is common with medicinal compounds and dosages. In two separate studies it's been shown to help treat obesity. It may have health benefits for people with Type 2 diabetes. Caraway Folk Medicine Caraway oil rubbed on the abdomen can relieve symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This folk medicine treatment has been shown in tests to have positive results. Alchemy: Processes Used by Alchemists Zodiac Alchemy - Metals & Planets Unus Mundus One World: Psychology Sylvia Rose Books In folk medicine, caraway uses include to relieve dyspepsia & bloat treat chronic indigestion (oil) - may be combined with menthol or peppermint oil to relieve morning sickness to improve liver function treatment for pneumonia to stimulate appetite as galactagogue to increase flow of mother's milk as carminative to relieve flatulence as a source of limonene, also found in citrus peel and dill, in a tooth paste or rinse to improve oral hygiene to improve memory as leaves, a source of fiber as oil or poultice, to relieve skin problems such as eczema and rashes Anqi Sheng & the Elixir of Immortality Agathodaemon: Fire, Silver & Alchemy Alkahest: Alchemy Panacea & Solvent Sylvia Rose Books Caraway fruits were once offered to pub-goers in Oxford, England, where the herb was naturalized. Chewed, caraway was said to disguise the smell of liquor on the breath. It has been used for centuries as a breath freshener. Caraway Magic & Lore Caraway relates to the planet Mercury and astrology sign Gemini. It's masculine in alignment and attunes to the Solar Plexus Chakra. Caraway is a symbol of faithfulness. Spiritual Alchemy: Fixatio (Fixation) Sublime Vision of Hermes Trismegistus Synchronicity: Psychology of Coincidence Sylvia Rose Books Magical and spiritual uses of caraway include: protective energy attracts luck in an herbal pillow, brings sweet dreams good health protection from thieves mortal or not enhances mental powers improves memory in love potions, keeps the lover from straying attracts romance clears emotional blockage Caraway is known as a repellent of hostile magic. Sprinkled in the pantry it can repel Faerie folk and nature spirits. Fairies, imps, brownies, elves, some harvest spirits hate caraway. Al-Mi'raj: Unicorn Hare of Arab Myth The Pauli Effect - Quarks or Quacks? German Harvest Spirits: Roggenhund (Rye Dog) Sylvia Rose Books It's a deterrent for Roggenhund, the Rye Dog , a harvest spirit in the shape of a dog who eats flour. Caraway is despised by most Faerie and nature spirits, not just pesky ones. If a person offends the house Kobold with caraway, the Kobold makes a mess or spoils the milk. In European lore, caraway in or around a coffin or grave can repel evil magic and keep the dead from rising again . Bathing in caraway-infused water gets rid of magical or spiritual causes of illness. Zodiac Alchemy - Metals & Planets Alchemy of Islam: Medieval Golden Age Arsenic: Murderous Metal & Miracle Cure Caraway magic is strongest when the herb is gathered on Midsummer's Day, June 24. The same applies to most plants with magical properties. Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: A Little History World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Fiction Books: READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

A complex in psychology is a cluster of intertwined emotions, memories, perceptions, and desires deeply rooted in the unconscious mind. Complexes grow around archetypes, or models of perfection. In Jungian psychology, complexes, like archetypes, are limitless. READ: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Psychology: the Conscious Ego (Self) Mystique of Nous: Awareness & Perception Spagyria: Botanical Science of Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books Complexes form in response to various threats seeming to challenge the stability of an individual's sense of self. When a person encounters a situation triggering feelings of inadequacy, fear, or insecurity, these emotions can coalesce into a complex. This complex then becomes objectified, taking on a life of its own within the psyche. It may manifest as recurring patterns of behavior, irrational beliefs, or intense emotional reactions disproportionate to the current circumstances. Tria Prima (Three Primes): Meanings Psychology: the Personal Unconscious Common Archetypes & Spiritual Ascension Sylvia Rose Books Complexes can intertwine specific themes such as power dynamics, status symbols, or unresolved childhood traumas. They exert a dominant influence on an individual's thoughts, feelings, and actions, often operating outside of conscious awareness. Jung defines complexes as emotionally charged groups of ideas and thoughts, often centered around archetypes like the father. Negative childhood experiences with a father figure can lead to the development of a complex. Natural Health: Paracelsus & Hermetic Principles Jabir ibn Hayyan: Alchemy of Islam Azoth: Divine Substance of Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books In psychoanalysis, complexes are considered to be distinct from basic drives or instincts. While drives are innate biological urges propelling human behavior, complexes are more nuanced psychological constructs arising from personal experiences and internal conflicts. World of Alchemy: A Little History A complex can lead to behaviors of compensation and distractions such as heavy drinking or obsessive shopping. A person may not be consciously aware of the complex(es), but on an unconscious level understands their effects, causing a protective personal to form. Colors of Alchemy: Black Nigredo Putrefaction Spiritual Alchemy: Fixatio (Fixation) The Great Library of Alexandria Sylvia Rose Books Complexes are universally acknowledged in the realm of depth psychology , a psychological branch that posits the significant impact of unconscious processes on personality development. According to analytical psychologist Carl Jung, in the theory of the psyche , complexes are prevalent elements in the psychological realm and are frequently addressed in psychotherapy to understand them, particularly in the pursuit of individuation or completeness. Archetypes - Personality & the Persona Individuation: Process and Philosophy Depth Psychology: Search for Meaning Sylvia Rose Books When unresolved, complexes subconsciously affect thoughts, emotions, and actions in a detrimental manner, hindering the practitioner on the path to wholeness. A complex doesn't exist alone. Enfolding an archetype, it can combine with others or be part of a larger system. Jung uses the term complex to describe a partially repressed, yet influential cluster of charged psychic material in conflict with conscious "I" or ego. Daniels (2010) describes complexes as intertangled groups of thoughts, feelings, behavior patterns, and physical forms of expression. Azoth: Divine Substance of Alchemy Alchemy, Psychology & Archetypes Sublime Vision of Hermes Trismegistus Sylvia Rose Books Concerning its nature as feeling-toned, Jung writes " ... a complex is the image of a certain psychic situation which is strongly accentuated emotionally and is, moreover, incompatible with the habitual attitude of consciousness. This image has a powerful inner coherence, it has its own wholeness and, in addition, a relatively high degree of autonomy, so that it is subject to the control of the conscious mind to only a limited extent, and therefore behaves like an animated foreign body in the sphere of consciousness." Alchemy: Red King & White Queen Emerald Tablet - Sacred Alchemy Text Egyptian Blue Lotus: Visionary Beauty Sylvia Rose Books Complexes are are intricate structures with significant emotional weight. A complex has a strong impact on an individual's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. As clusters of psychic material, complexes can be triggered by various stimuli, often leading to intense emotional reactions and influencing one's perception of reality. Jung's concept of complexes sheds light on the interplay between conscious and unconscious elements. Egyptian Alchemy - Power of Eternity Alchemy & Psychology: Hidden Meanings Pseudo-Geber: Medieval Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books " ... suffering contains complexes; complexes contain archetypes; archetypes contain the myths of deities; this figurative analogy is used to understand the afflicted subject." Hillman, James, Re-Visioning Psychology , 1977 Examples of a complex include Adonis Complex Adonis Complex or muscle dysmorphia is a type of body dysmorphic disorder characterized by obsessive preoccupation with one's physical appearance. A mental health condition, body dysmorphic disorder is associated with perception. Cinnabar (Mercury Sulfide) Red Death Emerald Tablet - Sacred Alchemy Text Egyptian Blue Lotus: Visionary Beauty Sylvia Rose Books Individuals worry about imperfections in their physical appearance, which are frequently imperceptible to others. This complex is commonly associated with eating disorders. Muscle dysmorphia, often referred to as "bigorexia," "megarexia," or "reverse anorexia," provokes a distorted perception of the body. Patients believe the body is too small, skinny, or inadequately muscular, even if it's normal or above-average size and muscularity. Zodiac, Astrology & Jungian Psychology Fortune Telling - The Mystic Victorian Destiny & Death: Fate in the Ancient World Sylvia Rose Books Inferiority Complex An inferiority complex in psychology refers to a persistent sense of inadequacy, often leading to the belief that one is somehow lacking or lesser than others. Depth psychologist Alfred Adler suggests feelings of inferiority can stem from childhood experiences, personal limitations, or a lower social standing. A person feeling inferior due to being shorter than average may excessively focus on appearance, wearing special shoes or seeking out shorter companions. Taken to extremes, this behavior can develop into a neurosis. Mandalas: Psychology & Art Therapy Alchemy and the Art of Gold-Making Moon Magic - the Feminine Principle Sylvia Rose Books Such a complex might also lead to a tendency for extravagant displays, ranging from seeking attention to excessive competitiveness and aggression. This behavior is a means to offset perceived shortcomings, whether real or imagined. Martyr Complex In a martyr complex, a person seeks to be a martyr by pursuing suffering or persecution, possibly due to need for attention or avoiding responsibility. This behavior may be driven by a belief in being targeted for exceptional abilities or integrity. Spiritual Alchemy - Attuning the Self Archetypes - Personality & the Persona Numinous: Beholding the Divine Sylvia Rose Books It can also manifest as willing endurance of pain in the name of love or duty. This is frequently observed in impoverished households and within codependent or abusive relationships. The longing for martyrdom is sometimes viewed as a type of masochism. Allan Berger identifies it as one of various forms of "pain/suffering seeking behavior," alongside asceticism and penance. In Christianity, according to Mother Teresa (1910 - 1997), suffering brings a person closer to God. Chrysopoeia - Turning Lead into Gold Archetypes - Personality & the Persona Cupellation: Alchemy Process of Metals Sylvia Rose Books Persecution Complex Persecution Complex or a persecutory delusion is a conviction of impending harm by a persecutor, despite a lack of supporting evidence. This can include the belief of being targeted by an individual or a group. These delusions can vary widely in content, ranging from somewhat plausible but unlikely scenarios to completely outlandish ones. Persecutory delusions are commonly associated with various disorders, particularly psychotic disorders. Alchemy: Processes Used by Alchemists Zodiac Alchemy - Metals & Planets Unus Mundus One World: Psychology Sylvia Rose Books They indicate a severe form of paranoia leading to complications from anxiety to suicidal thoughts. Those with persecutory delusions often act on their beliefs, such as fearing to leave the home, or displaying violent behavior. This type of delusion is prevalent among males. Cinderella Complex The Cinderella complex is fear of independence. It most often appears in women. She has an unconscious desire to be taken care of by someone else. The complex becomes more apparent as a person grows older. Xanthosis, the Yellowing: Spiritual Alchemy Alchemy Colors: Color Phase Therapy Anima Animus Archetypes & Sexuality Sylvia Rose Books The complex is named after the fairy tale character Cinderella. It refers to an ideal of femininity which views a woman as beautiful, polite, supportive of others but fundamentally incapable of either taking care of herself or changing her situation through her own efforts. Instead she is taught she needs to be protected and taken care by another (the Prince). Within a certain framework she can seem independent but overall feels inadequate. In relationships she may try to live up to an ideal, forming a shallow persona, or idealize the partner. Alchemy Symbols: Tail of the Peacock Alchemy: Mercurius & the Dragon Anima Mundi: Soul of the World Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: A Little History World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Fiction Books: READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Cupellation is an ancient alchemy process used in metal separation. Alchemy comes from metallurgy and early medicine. The processes of chrysopoeia (gold-making) and silver-making ( argyropoeia) are popular since the ancient days of Alexandria, on the Mediterranean Sea. READ: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Agathodaemon: Fire, Silver & Alchemy Alkahest: Alchemy Panacea & Solvent Spiritual Alchemy: Fixatio (Fixation) Sylvia Rose Books Cupellation is an essential procedure of metallurgy for extracting and purifying metals such as silver and gold. The method involves exposing ores or alloyed metals to high temperatures in a controlled setting. This technique separates noble metals like gold and silver from base metals such as lead, copper, zinc, antimony, arsenic, or bismuth in the ore. While terms base and noble for metals don't exist until the 14th century, metals are already seen as such due to their properties. Mystique of Nous: Awareness & Perception Alchemy and the Art of Gold-Making Lead: Death Metal of Metallurgy Sylvia Rose Books The cupellation process depends on the unique characteristics of these metals, causing the precious metals to separate into a distinct phase because of their resistance to oxidation, while the less valuable metals are oxidized and removed as waste. READ: World of Alchemy: A Little History This procedure requires precision and skill to guarantee the effective separation of the sought-after precious metals. In the production of high-quality gold and silver, cupellation is seen as a crucial step. Medicine in Ancient Egypt: Ebers Papyrus Arsenic: Murderous Metal & Miracle Cure Al-Mi'raj: Unicorn Hare of Arab Myth Sylvia Rose Books Precious metals typically oxidize or react chemically at higher temperatures than base metals. When they are heated at high temperatures, the precious metals separate and others react, forming slags or different components. Since the Early Bronze Age, cupellation is used to obtain silver from smelted lead ores. By the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, cupellation is one of the most common processes for refining precious metals. Gold - Precious Metal of the Sun Myth & Metallurgy - Metals of Antiquity Wine God Liber: Liberty & Liberal Libation Sylvia Rose Books One of the defining characteristics of small-scale cupellation is the use of small shallow vessels or cupels. Made of porous material like bone ash or magnesia, cupels ease absorption of lead and other impurities, leaving behind the desired noble metals. The cupel, a crucial tool in small-scale cupellation, is designed as a small vessel resembling an inverted truncated cone, often crafted from bone ash. According to some, the superior material for cupel production is burnt deer antlers or fish spines, both high in calcium. Silver - Queen of Precious Metals Stephanus of Alexandria: the Last Intellectual Sublime Vision of Hermes Trismegistus Sylvia Rose Books By then, fire assays were used for assaying minerals: testing fresh metals such as lead and recycled metals to determine their purity for jewelry and coin making. Cupellation is still in use today. Small-scale cupellation, as used by the alchemist, involves treatment of a reduced quantity of material compared to industrial level. The procedure uses a series of steps such as crushing, roasting and smelting to concentrate metallic components such as noble metals for separation. The Great Library of Alexandria Verdigris: Volatile Blue Green Pigment Orpiment - Painter's Golden Poison Sylvia Rose Books In the Renaissance, cupellation techniques are widely used for diverse applications ranging from ore assaying to evaluating silver content in jewelry or coins. The methods are also common in experimental studies to investigate properties and behaviors of various metals. Preparation of the ashes involves thorough grinding and mixing with a sticky substance such as mud, clay or dung to facilitate formation of the cupels. The cupels are shaped in copper or brass molds, without bases to ensure easy removal. Psychology: the Conscious Ego (Self) Fortune Telling - The Mystic Victorian Spagyria: Botanical Science of Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books During the manufacturing process a slight depression is made in the center of the cupel, using a rounded pestle. Controlled heating of the cupel allows separation of metals, a valuable step in refining and analyzing precious materials. Small-scale cupellation is a fundamental technique in metallurgy and analytical chemistry and reliable method for extracting and purifying precious metals. Its significance extends beyond practical applications. Elderberry Tree: Germanic Nature Lore Complexes: Psychology of the Psyche Spiritual Alchemy - Attuning the Self Sylvia Rose Books Scientific exploration and discovery reflecting the ingenuity and resourcefulness of early craftsmen and alchemists. This traditional cupel design is still used today. The first known use of silver was in the Near East in Anatolia and Mesopotamia during the 4th and 3rd millennium BCE or the Early Bronze Age. Archaeological findings of silver and lead objects together with litharge pieces and slag have been studied at a variety of sites. Unus Mundus One World: Psychology Archetypes - Personality & the Persona Numinous: Beholding the Divine Sylvia Rose Books Although this has been interpreted as silver being extracted from lead ores, it has been also suggested that lead was added to collect silver from visible silver minerals embedded in host rock. In both cases silver would be retrieved from lead metal by cupellation. During the Iron Age, cupellation is done by fusing base metals with a surplus of lead. The bullion or product of this fusion is then heated in a cupellation furnace to separate the noble metals. Alchemy: Processes Used by Alchemists Zodiac Alchemy - Metals & Planets Xanthosis, the Yellowing: Spiritual Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books During the Roman times, the empire needs large amounts of lead to support civilization over a wide region. In conquered lands, they search for open lead-silver mines. Silver coins become the normalized medium of exchange Silver production and mine control gives economic and political power. In Roman times it's worth mining lead ores if their content of silver is 0.01% or more. Agrippina & Son: Poisonous Plots of Rome Alchemist Dippel: the Frankenstein Files Hermeticism & Alchemy in Alexandria Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: A Little History World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Fiction Books: READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Fixation, fixatio or fixing is a process of alchemy and spiritual alchemy. Within the mystical world of the alchemist, fixatio is used in transformations. Fixation changes a volatile substance to a stable state unaffected by consuming powers of fire. READ: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Mystique of Nous: Awareness & Perception Collective Unconscious: Seeking the Whole Spiritual Alchemy: Touching the Divine Sylvia Rose Books Fixation can mean: in chemistry: reduction from a volatile or fluid to a stable or solid form in biology: preserve the physical properties at the living state of the specimen as much as possible, as a bug is "fixed" in amber in psychoanalysis. an arrested state of developing emotion or instinct at an early life phase, due to a severe traumatic or overwhelmingly emotional experience in mental health, a preoccupation with one subject or issue; obsession in photography (fixing): the process of making an image permanent, removal of light-sensitive particles Sublime Vision of Hermes Trismegistus What is the Philosopher's Stone? Emerald Tablet - Sacred Alchemy Text Sylvia Rose Books Fixation is a chemical or spiritual metamorphosis. The process can preserve the original form of a substance or transmute it into an entirely different structure, imbuing it with new properties and resilience. In alchemy, fixation is a pivotal concept embodying the essence of transmutation and metamorphosis. It represents the intricate process through which a substance transcends its ephemeral nature to attain permanence and stability. Alchemy: Processes Used by Alchemists Alchemy Symbols: Tail of the Peacock Quintessence: Elemental Life Force Sylvia Rose Books In spiritual alchemy, fixation can strengthen, remodel or realign one's inner core. Nature is the deciding factor and must take its course. Almost all alchemical processes  are based on those of nature, such as fermentation, distillation and desiccation. Within the realm of fixatio  the alchemist harnesses forces of transformation to achieve a state of permanence and resistance to external influences. In spiritual alchemy the process is similar. Quest for Immortality - Qin Shi Huang Corycian Caves, Bee Nymphs & Greek Gods Gnomes: Earth Spirits of Renaissance Mythology Sylvia Rose Books Spiritually this is a good process for building inner fortification and stability. Seeking and finding the essence of an issue, trait or desire brings it to the surface through levels of unconscious mind and ego. Layer by layer the practitioner unveils the quintessence of a thing. READ: World of Alchemy: A Little History It's important to behold the issue, characteristics, feeling or substance from all sides before beginning to reshape. Consider the element's prime matter . Introspection and contemplation can define the "substance" to be transformed and the beginning of the transformation process. Prima Materia: Elements of Alchemy What is the Philosopher's Stone? Ouroboros Glyph: Snake Eating its Tail Sylvia Rose Books It's a spiritual and philosophical question, during which a substance or individual moves toward metamorphosis even in the asking of it. During fixation, the alchemist uses elemental forces of nature to stabilize the substance, guiding its evolution from volatility to solidity. The alchemist seeks hidden potential within the substance, unveiling its true nature and purpose. Ultimately, fixation is a transformative experience at the heart of the alchemical magnum opus. The Great Library of Alexandria Spagyria: Botanical Science of Alchemy Cleopatra the Alchemist of Alexandria Sylvia Rose Books The practitioner must seek the truth at the core. There is no secret, only patience and awareness. The process is in the details of transformation. Transformation occurs as the substance is gradually refined. The alchemist manipulates the building blocks of reality, preserving the original essence or quintessence of a substance, infusing harmony or transmuting it to new form. Al-Mi'raj: Unicorn Hare of Arab Myth Natural Health: Paracelsus & Hermetic Principles Alkahest: Panacea & Solvent Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books An example of fixation in nature is the action of microscopic by bacteria in soil. Soil microorganisms live in roots of grasses, plants and trees. Specialized enzymes allow them to break the strong triple bond of atmospheric nitrogen, and convert it to more accessible forms. Significant amounts of nitrogen are fixed in the soil as ammonia, nitrites, and nitrates. This process, known as nitrogen fixation, is crucial for the cycling of nitrogen in ecosystems, health of the earth and the environment. Zodiac, Astrology & Jungian Psychology The Pauli Effect - Quarks or Quacks? Zodiac Alchemy - Metals & Planets This process forms a bridge between the volatile and the stable, the ephemeral and the eternal. By mastering the art of fixation, the alchemist gains access to secrets of transmutation on all levels. Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: A Little History World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Fiction Books: READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Nous is a concept from classical philosophy, equated to intellect or intelligence, and the area of the human mind necessary for understanding what's true or real. It's the animate, flowing invisible thought, reason and awareness. READ: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Stephanus of Alexandria: the Last Intellectual The Great Library of Alexandria Sublime Vision of Hermes Trismegistus Sylvia Rose Books Described as equivalent to perception, nous works within the mind. It can be called the Mind's Eye and the state of intuitive awareness. In colloquial English, nous also denotes "good sense", similar to the meaning it has in ancient Greece. The nous is comparable to the modern concept of intuition. In Aristotle's philosophy, which influences later concepts, nous is carefully distinguished from sense perception, imagination, and reason, although these terms are related. Allegory of the Cave: Vision and Truth Alkahest: Alchemy Panacea & Solvent Hermes Trismegistus: Alchemy & the Occult Sylvia Rose Books Earlier philosophers, whose works are mostly lost, are also credited with using the term nous . In his writings, Plato employs the term nous in ways typical in ancient Greek society, often referring to "good sense" or "awareness". READ: World of Alchemy: A Little History In some Platonic dialogues it's described in a higher sense. In his Philebus 28c he has Socrates say "all philosophers agree - whereby they really exalt themselves - that mind ( nous ) is king of heaven and earth. Perhaps they are right." Mandalas: Psychology & Art Therapy Sun Goddess: Creator to Cannibal Myths Australia Quest for Immortality - Qin Shi Huang Sylvia Rose Books The ensuing discussion "confirms the opinions of those who declare of old the mind ( nous ) always rules the universe". Plato contends true knowledge can't be attained through sense perception, which creates only opinion. According to Plato's more philosophical characters, the direct perception of truth by the mind, akin to the ways in which gods and daimons perceive, is essential. To truly comprehend, the mind must perceive unchanging entities. He calls these "forms" or "ideas." Pure Form, Archetypes & Alchemy Olympiodorus: the Last Neoplatonist Emerald Tablet - Sacred Alchemy Text Sylvia Rose Books Aristotle Similar to Plato, Aristotle associates nous with logos (reason) as a distinctive human trait. However, he makes a clear distinction between nous and logos , thereby separating the ability to establish definitions from the capacity to utilize them for reasoning. Aristotle divides the soul ( psychē ) into two components: one possessing reason and the other lacking it. He further divides the rational part into the lower reasoning ( logistikos ) aspect and the higher contemplative "knowing" ( epistēmonikos ) part, which reflects on general principles. Psychology: the Conscious Ego (Self) Fortune Telling - The Mystic Victorian Spagyria: Botanical Science of Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books Aristotle asserts nous serves as the origin of fundamental principles or sources ( archai ) of definitions, developing naturally as individuals accumulate experience. He elucidates this concept by comparing it with the four other truth-revealing capacities of the soul. These are technical expertise ( technē ) logically derived knowledge ( epistēmē ) practical wisdom ( phronēsis ) theoretical wisdom ( sophia ), defined by Aristotle as the fusion of nous and epistēmē . Zodiac Alchemy - Metals & Planets Natural Health: Paracelsus & Hermetic Principles Immortal - Quest for the Elixir of Life Sylvia Rose Books All these capacities, except nous , are categorized as forms of reason ( logos ). In the Aristotelian framework, the concept of nous refers to the fundamental comprehension or awareness enabling humans to think rationally. Aristotle distinguishes this from processing of sensory information, including imagination and memory, of which other animals are capable. According to Aristotle, the discussion of nous in human minds involves establishment of consistent definitions which can be communicated. Zodiac, Astrology & Jungian Psychology Anima Mundi: Soul of the World Women Scientists of the Ancient World Sylvia Rose Books It also includes the debate on whether individuals must inherently grasp universal categories logically. Classical and medieval philosophy consider individual nous may require spiritual and divine help. This perspective also suggests human understanding or nous is somehow derived from a cosmic nous , which is not merely a passive recipient of order but a creator of it. In the 20th century the idea arises in studies of depth psychology and the collective unconscious . Pagan Solstice Fests: Saturnalia Quintessence: Elemental Life Force Rasayana: Alchemy & Health of India Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: A Little History World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Fiction Books: READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Stephanus of Alexandria (c. 580 - 640 AD) is a Christian philosopher bringing Alexandrian thought to Byzantine society. Despite moving to Constantinople he's considered the last Alexandrian intellectual before the Islamic conquest of 642. READ: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy The Great Library of Alexandria Sublime Vision of Hermes Trismegistus Cleopatra the Alchemist of Alexandria Sylvia Rose Books While widely recognized for his involvement in the Neo-Platonic philosophical tradition, Stephanus also explores esoteric realms of alchemy, astrology, and astronomy. He has a keen interest in the mystical and scientific aspects of the universe. As a philosopher, Stephanus of Alexandria is known for his insights and interpretations within the Neo-Platonic framework. His philosophical works not only reflect the teachings of prominent thinkers before him but offer a fresh perspective in the Byzantine era. Zosimos: First Golden Age of Alchemy What is the Philosopher's Stone? Emerald Tablet - Sacred Alchemy Text Sylvia Rose Books In alchemy, Stephanus explores transformative properties of matter and the quest for the philosopher's stone . His poem De Chrysopoeia refers to gold-making. He looks into the mystical aspects of transmutation and pursuit of spiritual enlightenment. READ: World of Alchemy: A Little History His writings on alchemy reveal a deep fascination for the hidden forces of nature and the connections between physical and metaphysical realms. Stephanus has a keen interest in astrology and astronomy, the celestial bodies and their influence on earthly affairs. Zodiac, Astrology & Jungian Psychology The Pauli Effect - Quarks or Quacks? Zodiac Alchemy - Metals & Planets Sylvia Rose Books He deciphers the symbolic language of the stars, believing celestial events impact human life and destiny. His multidisciplinary approach bridges Byzantine intellectual thought with ancient philosophy and medieval science. Stephanus studies at Alexandria, alongside Christian followers of Olympiodorus . Although Olympiodorus was pagan, his teachings are for everyone, and eventually the Christian faith adopts many of the Neoplatonic principles. Olympiodorus: the Last Neoplatonist Alchemy: Mercurius & the Dragon Victorian Trends: Sailor Suits to Taxidermy Sylvia Rose Books Neoplatonism Neo-Platonism was a philosophical movement inaugurated by Plotinus (AD 204/5 - 270), which reinterpreted the ideas of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato. It argued that the world which we experience is only a copy of an ideal reality which lies beyond the material world. Neoplatonism is a philosophical school of thought first emerging in the Greco-Roman-Egyptian timeframe of marvelous Alexandria. The philosophies gain momentum from the 3rd - 7th century and Neoplatonism is the dominant philosophical ideology of the period. Unus Mundus One World: Psychology World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Agathodaemon: Snake God Alexandria Sylvia Rose Books Neoplatonists believe mindful consciousness ( nous ) is ontologically prior to the physical realm. Adherents share with Stoics and Hermetists the idea of a unitary and unique highest principle, “the One”. This principle-monism philosophy seeks to explain everything based divine cause. In 610, Stephanus moves to Constantinople, the capital of the empire, bringing the thought of late Alexandria into the medieval Byzantine world. He takes a position as "ecumenical professor", representing a variety of Christian churches, at the Imperial Academy. Women Scientists of the Ancient World Alkahest: Panacea & Solvent Alchemy Spagyria: Botanical Science of Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books He teaches the philosophy and arts of Plato, Aristotle, the quadrivium (arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music), as well as alchemy and astrology. Many works are attributed to Stephanus, some forgeries, most written at Constantinople. Agapius of Hierapolis states Stephanus is "famous among the philosophers at that time". Stephanus dies in 640. Two years later, Egypt falls to Islam, and a Golden Age begins in the East. Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: A Little History World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Fiction Books: READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Hermes Trismegistus  is in deep contemplation, wandering over rugged and lonely terrain. By the secret guidelines of the Temple, he liberates his higher consciousness from limits of the physical senses. His divine essence unveils visions of spiritual spheres. READ: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Colors of Alchemy: Rubedo Magnum Opus What is the Philosopher's Stone? Emerald Tablet - Sacred Alchemy Text Sylvia Rose Books In his vision, Hermes encounters a creature of blazing majesty - the Great Dragon, whose wings span the heavens and emanate radiant light. The esoteric teachings of Hermeticism hold the sublime Dragon as a symbol of the essence of Universal Life. Addressing Hermes Trismegistus by name, the Great Dragon questions his focus on the mysteries of the world. Overwhelmed by the sight, Hermes humbly bows before the Dragon, entreating it to reveal its true nature. Natural Health: Paracelsus & Hermetic Principles Azoth: Divine Substance of Alchemy Alchemy: Mercurius & the Dragon Sylvia Rose Books "Who are you?" I asked.   The majestic being responds, "I am Poimandres, the Mind of the Universe, the Creative Intelligence, and the Supreme Ruler of all." Hermes then implores Poimandres to unveil the universe's essence and the composition of the divine entities. "I said, "I wish to learn about the things that are, to understand their nature and to know god. How much I want to see!" Active Imagination: Creative Therapy Alchemy Symbols: Tail of the Peacock Prima Materia: Elements of Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books Then he said to me: "Keep in mind all that you wish to learn, and I will teach you." Saying this, he changed his appearance, and in an instant everything was immediately opened to me. I saw an endless vision in which every thing became light - clear and joyful - and in seeing the vision I came to love it." READ: World of Alchemy: A Little History The Dragon reveals a mystery concealed until now. "When nature united with man," Poimandres says, "she gave birth to an incredibly marvelous being. This being possesses the essence of the cosmic structure of the seven, composed of fire and spirit." Chrysopoeia - Turning Lead into Gold Khaos: Primal Goddess of Greek Myth Alchemy Symbols in Psychology Sylvia Rose Books Nature brings forth seven "men", both male and female, of divine nature, resembling the seven rulers. These are Mercury, Venus, Mars, Saturn, Jupiter, Sun and Moon who master the fate of mankind. "After a little while, darkness arose separately and descended - fearful and gloomy - coiling sinuously so that it looked to me like a (snake). Then the darkness changed into something of a watery nature, indescribably agitated and smoking like a fire; it produced an unspeakable wailing roar. Then an inarticulate cry like the voice of fire came forth from it. Noisy Spirits of German Mythology Ereshkigal & the Mesopotamian Underworld Lead: Death Metal of Metallurgy Sylvia Rose Books The darkness below, receiving the hammer of the Word, was fashioned into an orderly universe. The elements separated into strata and each brought forth living creatures. Earth and water mixed with one another, so (earth) could not be distinguished from water, but they were stirred to hear by the spiritual word that moved upon them." At the Word of the Dragon the heavens open and innumerable Light Powers soar through Cosmos on pinions of streaming fire. Hermes beholds spirits of the stars, celestials controlling the universe, and those Powers which shine with the radiance of the One Fire, the glory of the Sovereign Mind. Alchemy and the Art of Gold-Making Colors of Alchemy: White Albedo Purification Alkahest: Alchemy Panacea & Solvent Sylvia Rose Books "But from the light... a holy word mounted upon the (watery) nature, and untempered fire leapt up from the watery nature to the height above. The fire was nimble and piercing and active as well, and because the air was light it followed after spirit and rose up to the fire away from earth and water so that it seemed suspended from the fire." Hermes realizes the sight he beholds is revealed to him only because Poimandres spoke a Word. The Word was Reason, and by the Reason of the Word invisible things were made manifest. Divine Mind - the Dragon - continued its discourse: Zodiac, Astrology & Jungian Psychology Synchronicity: Psychology of Coincidence The Pauli Effect - Quarks or Quacks? Sylvia Rose Books “Before the visible universe was formed its mold was cast. This mold was called the Archetype , and this Archetype was in the Supreme Mind long before the process of creation began. Beholding the Archetypes, the Supreme Mind became enamored with Its own thought; so, taking the Word as a mighty hammer, It gouged out caverns in primordial space and cast the form of the spheres in the Archetypal mold, at the same time sowing in the newly fashioned bodies the seeds of living things. Pseudo-Geber: Medieval Alchemy Ancient Grains: Wheat, Barley, Millet, Rice Zosimos: First Golden Age of Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books The Supreme Being–the Mind–male and female, brought forth the sublime Word; and the Word, suspended between Light and darkness, was delivered of another Mind called the Workman , the Master-Builder , or the Maker of Things . There is more to this tale, from the Corpus Hermeticum, at this site . Also several versions are floating around the internet. Happy Iosis ! Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: A Little History World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Fiction Books: READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Alkahest is a divine panacea or healing substance and solvent. During the Renaissance, alchemists are intrigued by the healing concepts of alkahest. As a universal solvent, alkahest is reportedly able to dissolve any material, including precious metals like gold. READ: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Azoth: Divine Substance of Alchemy Pseudo-Geber: Medieval Alchemy What is the Philosopher's Stone? Sylvia Rose Books In alchemy the alkahest reveals hidden virtues and the essence of a substance. Releasing its potential for healing and transformation, it's similar to the legendary substance azoth . The quest for alkahest became a central focus for many alchemists. READ: World of Alchemy: A Little History The existence of alkahest is a subject of intense debate within the circles of alchemy and philosophy. While some see it as the ultimate key to unlocking secrets of the universe, others question its existence, perhaps a figment of imagination caused by breathing too many fumes. Mercury: Miracle Metal of Madness Cinnabar (Mercury Sulfide) Red Death Emerald Tablet - Sacred Alchemy Text Sylvia Rose Books Despite conflicting perspectives, the allure of alkahest continues to captivate minds of scholars and practitioners. Recorded reference to alkahest goes back to renegade Swiss physician and alchemist Paracelsus (1493–1541) in the early16th century. Paracelsus' writings and teachings on alkahest provide valuable insights. He has many followers and an unorthodox approach of lecturing in German instead of Latin, so everyone can understand. He invents Spagyria , plant alchemy; chemistry in medicine; and gnomes . Tria Prima of Paracelsus: Three Primes Gnomes: Earth Spirits of Renaissance Mythology Spagyria: Botanical Science of Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books Paracelsus has a strong connection to the Hermetic, Neoplatonic, and Pythagorean influences fundamental to the Renaissance. Hermeticism, a complex and multifaceted philosophical and spiritual tradition, emerges from the Alexandrian Golden Age in the early centuries AD. Paracelsus conflates the alkahest with the Philosopher's Stone. He suggests medicinal uses for alkahest. It can fortify the liver and potentially serve as a therapeutic intervention for liver disorders. His own recipe includes caustic lime, alcohol, and carbonate of potash. Herbology & Lore: Caraway Zodiac, Astrology & Jungian Psychology The Pauli Effect - Quarks or Quacks? Sylvia Rose Books Many alchemical recipes, including the one for the alkahest, are frequently kept confidential. Numerous alchemists seek the universal solvent, resulting in later discovery of various recipes, some abandoned in the experimental stages. Scientists such as Robert Boyle (1627–1691) posit the alkahest has a microstructure of tiny uniform corpuscles. This structure lets the alkahest's corpuscles pass among those of different materials. Xanthosis, the Yellowing: Spiritual Alchemy Alchemy Colors: Color Phase Therapy Depth Psychology: Search for Meaning Sylvia Rose Books It divides them without changing their original properties or affecting the alkahest itself. This feature suggests the alkahest has the potential for unlimited use and sets the alkahest apart from regular corrosive materials unsuitable for continuous use. By the 18th century the alkahest is an opium dream as scientists turn to other methods more conducive to the Four Humors theory pervading western medicine since the time of Hippocrates. This theory is finally disproven in 1850 AD with the discovery of germs. Rabbit Fever Plague & Warfare: Hittites Parabalani: Medics & Murderous Mobs Agrippina & Son: Poisonous Plots of Rome The alkahest, arousing much dispute in theoretical form, is not known to exist in physical or metaphysical form. This doesn't stop practitioners even today in the quest for truth. Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: A Little History World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Fiction Books: READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

The hieros gamos, a sacred or spiritual marriage, involves the union of archetypal figures in ancient rebirth cycle mysteries and in alchemy. This is exemplified by the symbolic union of a King and priestess , Queen and god or the alchemical conjunction of the sun and moon. READ: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Quintessence: Elemental Life Force Unity of Opposites: Spiritual Alchemy Alchemy: Science, Philosophy, Magic Sylvia Rose Books This union signifies a deeper metaphysical process, leading to the birth of a divine child who will manifest in the empirical person through individuation in the psychology of the unconscious. In alchemy the divine child may be equated with the Philosopher's Stone . " Join the male and the female, and you will find what is sought. " Mary the Jewess (Maria Prophetissa), alchemist, c. 1st century AD Unus Mundus One World: Psychology Numinous: Beholding the Divine Agathodaemon: Snake God Alexandria Sylvia Rose Books In alchemy of Alexandria, Egypt, Greek and Egyptian thought merge into a kaleidoscope of potential. The Greek concept of male-sun-sulfur and female-moon-mercury (quicksilver) is used in the idea of chrysopoeia or gold-making as well as spiritual enlightenment. READ: World of Alchemy: A Little History In analytical psychology the unity of opposites  is integral to individuation, or the process of becoming unique. Individuation lets the practitioner realize true potential and grow into a fully vibrant individual, the person one is meant to be. Active Imagination: Creative Therapy Individuation: Process and Philosophy Anima & Animus: Gender Archetypes Sylvia Rose Books This symbolic divine union also implies the future birth of the divine child as part of the trend toward incarnation. The Child is any creative endeavor come to fruition. It's also one of the most common Jungian archetypes with plenty of sub-archetypes to choose from. Rooted in fertility, hieros gamos  has a significant role in religious and cultural practices of societies relying on crop agriculture, as in the regions of the Middle East. This ancient ritual involves the symbolic sexual union between fertility deities, represented by mortals. Alchemy, Psychology & Archetypes Ancient Grains: Wheat, Barley, Millet, Rice Rasayana: Alchemy & Health of India Sylvia Rose Books In alchemy, hieros gamos  symbolizes union of opposites, often depicted as the merging of masculine and feminine energies for harmony and balance. It's deeply ensconced in the archetype of fertility rituals, where coming together of polarities signifies creation of new life. Jungian psychology explores the depth of hieros gamos as a metaphor for the integration of the unconscious and conscious aspects of the psyche. It can refer to the resolution of anima and animus components. Thoth - Ibis Scribe Moon God of Egypt Alchemist Dippel: the Frankenstein Files Emerald Tablet - Sacred Alchemy Text Sylvia Rose Books Through the marriage of opposites, individuals attain a sense of wholeness and self-realization. Thus, hieros gamos is a potent symbol offering insight into the interconnected nature of spiritual, psychological, and symbolic realms.  Throughout history, hieros gamos  has been entwined with cycles of nature and the solar calendar. The union of the divine figures reflects the union of earth and sky, symbolizing the essential connection between human existence and the natural world. Chinese Alchemy: Mind Body Spirit Magic of the Circle: Spirituality & Lore Immortal - Quest for the Elixir of Life Sylvia Rose Books The act of sexual intercourse during the ceremony ensures fertility of the land, prosperity to the community, and maintains the harmony and balance of the cosmos. Ceremonies, prayers and offerings invoke the blessings of the deities for a bountiful harvest. The hieros gamos extends beyond physical union and procreation. It embodies the spiritual and metaphysical union of masculine and feminine energies, the balance of opposing forces, and the regeneration of life. Synchronicity: Psychology of Coincidence Alchemy & Psychology: Hidden Meanings Alchemy: Processes Used by Alchemists Sylvia Rose Books In Greek mythology, the classic instance is the wedding of Zeus and Hera celebrated at the Heraion of Samos, a temple to Hera. The divine marriage ensures fertility. A similar ancient union of harvest goddess Demeter with Iasion, son of Zeus and founder of the Mystic Rites. is enacted in a thrice-plowed furrow. This represents a primitive earth aspect of Demeter, largely performed in Crete. Allegory of the Cave: Vision and Truth Depth Psychology: Search for Meaning Psychology: the Conscious Ego (Self) Sylvia Rose Books One of the most well-known ritual practices of classical Greece is the hieros gamos performed during the Anthesteria festival of Dionysus. It takes place between the Queen of the Archon basileus or "Archon King" (ruler/king of a city-state) of Athens, and the god. The ritual union with Dionysus may be represented by either his priest or the King himself. Brief but potent, this mystical union leads to conception of Dionysus or divine child, cycles of rebirth and the concept of dual unions of god and mortal in one night. Wine God Liber: Liberty & Liberal Libation Thrace - Tribal Mythology & Lore German House Spirits: Beer Donkey (Bieresel) Sylvia Rose Books In Tantric Buddhism the practice of yab-yum holds significant spiritual and symbolic importance. This ritual involves the depiction of a male deity in a harmonious union with a female deity who serves as his consort. The male figure in the yab-yum union has qualities such as compassion (karuṇā) and skillful means (upāya-kauśalya), embodying the essence of benevolence and effective action. The female partner is linked to the 'insight' or 'wisdom' (prajñā) leading to enlightenment. Semen - Life & Death in the Ancient World The Sex Demons - Incubus & Succubus Wandering Womb - Ancient Medicine Sylvia Rose Books Symbolism refers to the primal or mystical union of wisdom and compassion, vital aspects of Tantric Buddhism. A divine coupling signifies integration of forces within the practitioner's own being to harmonize the male and female energies existing in all people. Through visualization and contemplation, practitioners seek a deep sense of inner balance and unity, transcending duality, connecting to the Whole of existence. Yab-yum is a reminder of the fusion of wisdom and compassion on the path to enlightenment. Colors of Alchemy: Citrinitas Solar Yellow Asclepius: Greek Medicine Snake God Spagyria: Botanical Science of Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books Meditating on the union of male and female, practitioners wake wisdom and compassion, promoting awareness of the interconnectedness of nature. Individuals explore the conscious on a transformative journey towards spiritual awakening and the realization of the Self. Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: A Little History World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Fiction Books: READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top