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Gingerbread houses are part of German folklore . Seasonal food traditions from Germany include gingerbread or Lebkuchen . Thanks to the dedicated work of the scholars Grimm, the beloved gingerbread house becomes popular in the 19th century. House Spirits of German Mythology Chamomile - Herbology & Folklore Wild Women and Winter Tales Hansel & Gretel meet the Wicked Witch By c. 2700 BCE, ginger ( Zingiber officinale ) root is cultivated in India and China. Confucius (551 - 479 BCE) is said to eat ginger daily. From India, traders introduce the spice c. 1st century BCE to the Middle East and Mediterranean. It's a key item of the spice trade, along with cinnamon , cardamon, peppers, nutmeg and cloves. A thousand years later, the spicy root arrives in Europe. Possible sources include returning Crusaders or a traveling French monk. 10 Ancient Spices of Trade, Health & Beauty Elwetritsch Bird - German Myths & Folklore Cinnamon - Spice Trade of Ancients Ginger Root One tale tells of a chest of ginger root carried by a fourth Wise Man or Magus as a gift for the Christ child. He never makes it to the main event. Taken ill, he's cared for by a rabbi, to whom he gives the ginger. According to legend , students of the rabbi are already making houses of bread, to eat with hope of a new Messiah. The Magus suggests adding ginger to give the bread zest. Like cinnamon, ginger is a natural preservative of food. Heimchen - House Crickets of Folklore German Folklore - Irrwurz or Mad Root Hags in Germanic Myth & Folklore Gingerbread loaf According to the Talmud moist ginger is among the few curative foods not having negative side effects on the body. It's considered an effective treatment for ailments including nausea, migraines and rheumatism. Gingerbread ingredients include ginger, cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg and molasses. A tasty treat, gingerbread is popular in the Middle Ages due to increased commerce with Eastern nations. Gingerbread bakers are recorded in Ulm by 1296, and by 1395 in Nuremberg. During Munich Oktoberfest, it' traditional to buy large heart-shaped gingerbread cookies, often with a ribbon, for a sweetheart. On the cookies are romantic expressions like " F ür meine Prinzessin " (for my princess). Sträggele: Witch Hag of the Wild Hunt Nature Spirits of German Mythology Elderberry Tree: Germanic Nature Lore German Gingerbread Hearts By the 1600s , Nuremburg is known as the gingerbread capital of the world. Gingerbread makers belong to specific guilds. Making and molding of gingerbread is an art form. The German word  Lebkuchen  comes from earlier Laibkuchen  or loaf cake. Another term for gingerbread is Pfefferkuchen  literally "pepper cake". Gingerbread is a favored delicacy at medieval European festivals and fairs, with some specifically dedicated to gingerbread. German Nature Folklore - Fruit Trees Women of the Wild Hunt: Holle, Diana, Frigg German Romanticism: Nature & Emotion In Nordic and Baltic countries, the most popular form of ginger confection is the pepperkaker (Norwegian), pepparkakor (Swedish). They are brittle biscuits like ginger snaps, associated with the extended Christmas period. In Norway and Sweden, pepparkakor are also glammed up and used as festive window decorations. Traditionally they use baker's ammonia  as a leavening agent. German Traditions - Candy Canes Great Bear - Nature, Spirituality & Lore Hildegard von Bingen: Nature, Music & Beer In the 1800s, Wilhelm and Jakob Grimm collect fairy tales or folk tales throughout the land and put them into anthologies. The house of the wicked witch in the favorite story of Hansel und Gretel tweaks the imaginations of bakers. Germany has a building boom of gingerbread houses, and it never stops. Included in 1812 among the stories collected by the Grimms, the story of Hansel & Gretel comes from the Baltic region c. 1315. Old Prussians of the Baltic Coast Sugar Beets, Altbier & First Newspaper 4 Infused Wines of Ancient Medicine The Grimm Brothers are largely responsible for the preservation of German folklore and mythology. Why are gingerbread houses connected with Christmas? Largely because the compilation including Hansel und Gretel is released Dec 20, just in time for the holiday rush. Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Molybdenum (Mo) is a chemical element of great importance to nature, industry and health. A transition metal, molybdenum is also an essential trace mineral in the body. Historically it's often confused with lead (Pb). Seven Trace Minerals: Nature's Little Helpers Potassium (K): Human Health & Environment Galena: Silver Lead Ore of Metallurgy Molybdenum fragment & cube Molybdenum derives its name from the Greek word "molybdos," which means lead. Many early chemists believe molybdenite (MoS2), the primary molybdenum ore, is a lead ore. For centuries, molybdenite is mistaken for graphite, which is discovered in the 17th century and thought at first to be a type of lead. This fallacy persists a few hundred years. Even in the 20th century schoolchildren are discouraged from gnawing on pencils due to possible "lead poisoning". Pencil "leads" never actually contain any lead. They're a mix of graphite and clay. Fermenting Green Beans: Salt, Brine & Bacteria Best Mortar & Pestles for Artists, Chefs, Scientists Roger Bacon: Medieval Science & Alchemy Molybdenum is discovered in 1778 by Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele , who isolates it from molybdenite. In 1781 Peter Jacob Hjelm isolates metallic molybdenum by electrolysis, sparking scientific interest. Nonetheless, industrial use of molybdenum doesn't appear until the 19th and 20th centuries. Curiosity about molybdenum is rekindled due to its remarkable properties. A silvery-white, hard metal, molybdenum has high heat resistance and a melting point of 2,623°C (4,753°F). The melting point makes it ideal for applications such as aerospace and military technologies. Metal & Gemstone Dyeing in Alchemy How Lactic Acid Bacteria Make Yogurt Calcium (Ca): Earth Metal of Structure & Strength Molybdenum is also known for corrosion and oxidation resistance. In construction of bridges and buildings, it helps maintain structural integrity in storms and other stressors. It's lightweight and mechanically strong. The element is reluctant to dissolve in most acids and highly resistant to oxidation. A friendly metal, molybdenum easily forms compounds with other elements. Molybdenum is not abundant in the Earth's crust. It's generally found in ores like molybdenite (MoS2), wulfenite (PbMoO4), and powellite (CaMoO4). Listeria Bacteria: Health and Environment Amazing Yeast: Feeding, Breeding & Biofilms Hildegard von Bingen: Nature, Music & Beer Molybdenite on Quartz Largest producers of molybdenum globally are China, the United States, Chile and Peru. Mining operations target molybdenum both as a primary product and as a byproduct of copper mining. Molybdenum is a trace element in soil and water. In the environment and human health, it's important to natural biological processes. In nature, molybdenum maintains proper enzyme functions in plants, animals and microorganisms. It's a specific component of nitrogenase, an enzyme used by nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Galactose: Simple Sugar of Nature & Health Lignin: Ecology, Wood & Natural Health ATP: Nature of Energy & Vital Functions beans sprouting Nitrogen fixation converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia for plant growth. Because it's especially prevalent in legumes like beans, these can be planted in crop rotation to improve overall soil health. In the human body, molybdenum is a trace mineral required in minute amounts for health. It's a cofactor for enzymes catalyzing essential chemical reactions, such as: Sulfite Oxidase: Detoxifies sulfites from diet or metabolism. Xanthine Oxidase: Helps metabolize purines into uric acid . Aldehyde Oxidase: Assists in breaking down aldehydes and some drugs. Organic Polymers: Ecology & Natural Health Eight Dye Plants & Natural Dyes in History Women of the Wild Hunt: Holle, Diana, Frigg Deficiency in molybdenum is rare but can cause neurological problems. Excess is also harmful, with symptoms of anemia, diarrhea and joint pain. Foods such as legumes (beans, lentils, peas), grains, leafy vegetables, nuts, and organ meats are excellent dietary sources of molybdenum. The recommended daily ranges from 45 to 50 micrograms for adults. Enzymes: Marvels of Nature & Human Health Women Brewers: Brewing History of Europe 19th Century: Home Gym, Bicycles, Antiseptic lots of legumes A cup of cooked lentils contains about 70. This can vary nutritionally depending on digestive health and efficiency of nutrient uptake. In livestock and agriculture, molybdenum supports enzymatic functions in plants and animals. In soil, a deficiency of molybdenum can inhibit crop growth and abundance. Flavonoids: Sensory Compounds of Nature Cherish the Chocolate: Sweet Fermentation Lead: Death Metal of Metallurgy Other Uses of Molybdenum Molybdenum has broad industrial applications, including: Alloy Production: Molybdenum is commonly alloyed with steel and other metals to enhance strength, toughness, resistance to wear, and ability to withstand high temperatures. It is often used in aircraft parts, military equipment, and industrial tools. Catalysis: Molybdenum-based compounds act as catalysts in the petroleum industry to remove sulfur from fuels, reducing emissions to environmental standards. Environmental standards may vary. Ancient Grains: Wheat, Barley, Millet, Rice German House Spirits: Beer Donkey (Bieresel) Kakia: Greek Goddess of Vice & Abominations Electronics and Energy: Its excellent conductivity and thermal stability make molybdenum valuable in electrical contacts, semiconductors, and solar panel production. Corrosion Protection: Molybdenum is used in coatings to prevent rust and degradation in marine environments. Medical Applications: Molybdenum isotopes, such as molybdenum-99, are used in the production of technetium-99m, a widely utilized diagnostic isotope in nuclear medicine. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a popular lubricant in mechanical applications, due its low friction. Cellulose: Plant Fibers of Structure & Strength Irrwurz or Mad Root: German Folklore Silver - Queen of Precious Metals solar panels Facts About Molybdenum Astronomical Presence: Molybdenum is believed to be present in stars. Impact on Steel: The addition of small amounts of molybdenum makes steel much harder and more resistant to extreme temperatures. Environmental Relevance: Molybdenum helps reduce sulfur pollution by enabling fuel desulfurization. Economic Impact: Its extensive use in industrial machinery and construction makes molybdenum a valuable commodity on the global market. Weaponry : Molybdenum is used in World War II to manufacture armor-piercing shell casings. Today it's tungsten , the metal with the highest melting point known, so weapons of death and destruction are even more efficient. The Molybdenum Valley in Colorado, also called the Climax mine, is the world’s largest molybdenum mine in the mid-20th century. Industrial Significance : Molybdenum is a vital component in creating superalloys. Space Exploration : The unique properties of molybdenum, including its high melting point, allow it to withstand extreme conditions in space. It's used in rocket and satellite production. Cobalt (Co): The Little Goblin Who Could Talc (Magnesium Silicate): Beauty, Art & Industry Arcanum Joviale: Alchemy of Sudorific Sweat satellite Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Ammonia is a simple versatile compound vital to life on Earth. Here's the info on its formation, historical significance, potential hazards, ancient uses, dual-sided nature, distinctive properties and volatile reactions. Spirit of Wine of the Wise: Alchemy Recipe Johann Glauber: Fulminating Gold & Sodium Sulfate How to Extract Red from Hematite: A Step-by-Step Guide Ammonia (NH₃) is a colorless gas with a pungent, distinctive smell. It is composed of nitrogen (N) and hydrogen (H) atoms, with one nitrogen atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms. Due to its alkaline properties, it is found in many biological and environmental contexts. Formation of Ammonia Ammonia occurs naturally through various biological processes and nitrogen cycles. Bacteria in the soil, known as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, facilitating the nitrogen cycle essential for plant growth. Hydrogen Peroxide: Chemistry, Production, Risks Natural Iron Oxide Pigments: Extraction, Types & Colors Uric Acid: Inner Works of the Human Body The history of ammonia dates back to ancient times. The word "ammoniac" derives from the name of the temple of Jupiter Ammon in Cyrene, Libya, where salt and ammonium chloride (a natural source of ammonia) are collected. Ammonia can also be synthesized industrially through the Haber-Bosch process, which combines atmospheric nitrogen and hydrogen gas under high pressure and temperature in the presence of a catalyst. Best Mortar & Pestles for Artists, Chefs, Scientists Roger Bacon: Medieval Science & Alchemy Metal & Gemstone Dyeing in Alchemy In ancient China and western Antiquity, fermented urine yields ammonia, with a strong bleaching power and stronger stench. Urine is one compound no one needs to pay for. It's used extensively in laundry. In the late 18th century, British chemist Joseph Priestley isolates ammonia gas. In the early 20th century Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch developed the Haber-Bosch process, showing ammonia's potential as a fertilizer and kicking off the Green Revolution. Hair Loss: 9 Natural Cures of Physician Dioscorides Rasayana: Alchemy & Health of India Mandalas: Psychology & Art Therapy Gardening in the Sunshine Nature and Properties of Ammonia Physical Properties State:  At room temperature, it is a gas; however, it can be compressed into a liquid. Odor:  Ammonia has a strong, pungent odor that is easily recognizable. Solubility:  It is highly soluble in water, forming ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH), a weak base. Chemical Properties Ammonia exhibits both basic and reducing properties: Basicity:  Ammonia can accept a proton (H⁺) to form ammonium ions (NH₄⁺). This trait contributes to its use in buffers in various chemical reactions. Reactivity:  It can react with acids, forming salts. For example, NH₃ + HCl → NH₄Cl (ammonium chloride). Combustion:  While ammonia is not flammable at room temperature, under specific conditions, it can combust, contributing to nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) formation. Celandine: Plant Toxins & Medicine Spirit of Wine of the Wise: Alchemy Recipe Chalcedony Gems: Secrets of Silicon Dioxide As a polar molecule, ammonia forms hydrogen bonds for high solubility in water, making it an effective cleaning agent. Furthermore, its distinctive odor at lower concentrations can be readily detected, acting as a warning signal in case of accidental leaks. Uses of Ammonia 1. Fertilizers Approximately 80% of produced ammonia is used to manufacture fertilizers. Ammonium sulfate and urea, derived from ammonia, are key components in promoting plant growth and enhancing crop yields. Seven Trace Minerals: Nature's Little Helpers 12 Renaissance Medicines & Treatments 10 Wise Plants & Herbs for the Elixir of Life 2. Industrial Applications Ammonia is used in producing chemicals such as nitric acid, ammonium phosphate, and various pharmaceuticals. It also serves as a refrigerant in cooling systems due to its high thermodynamic efficiency. 3. Cleaning Agents Ammonia has excellent cleaning properties and is widely used in household and industrial cleaning products. Its alkaline nature helps break down grease and grime effectively. Robert Boyle & the Great Alchemical Debate Acetic Acid: Vinegar 🜊 in Ancient Alchemy Fermenting Green Beans: Salt, Brine & Bacteria Cleaning the table 4. Food Industry In small amounts, ammonia is used as a food additive (E524) in processes such as leavening bread and curing meats. However, stringent regulations are in place to ensure safe levels are maintained. Reactions with Chemicals and Other Gases Ammonia's versatility extends to its reactions with other chemicals and gases. It acts as a base in numerous acid-base reactions, forming ammonium salts with various acids. When exposed to chlorine, ammonia undergoes a reaction to form chloramines, contributing to the disinfection process in water treatment systems. These interactions provide invaluable insights into the diverse roles ammonia plays in different chemical processes. Fulminating Silver: Dangerous Explosives in Alchemical Science 5 Waters of Ancient Alchemy: Aqua Caustic Chun Yuyan & Death of Empress Xu Ammonia is flammable if its concentration in air ranges from 15% to 28% by volume. With lubricating oils its flammable range widens. It can create a massive explosion if released in a confined area with ignition source, or if a container of anhydrous ammonia is exposed to fire. Ammonia's reactivity is a critical aspect of its chemistry: 1. Reaction with Acids Ammonia readily reacts with acids to produce salts. 2. Reaction with Halogens Ammonia can react with halogens to produce nitrogen halides, for instance: Chlorination: 3 NH₃ + Cl₂ → NCl₃ + 3 HCl 3. Reaction with Metals Ammonia can interact with metals and form complex ions, useful for extraction processes. 4. Reaction with Water When dissolved in water, ammonia establishes an equilibrium with ammonium and hydroxide ions, impacting pH levels significantly: NH₃ + H₂O ⇌ NH₄⁺ + OH⁻ Baltic Amber in Folklore and Myth Arcanum Duplicatum: Double Secret of Alchemy Divine Water: Sulfuric Acid in Alchemy Health Hazards of Ammonia Ammonia is toxic. It irritates eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Exposure to high concentrations can lead to severe respiratory issues, chemical burns or death. The permissible exposure limit set by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration is 50 parts per million (ppm) for an 8-hour workday. It is crucial to handle ammonia with care. Use protective equipment, and proper ventilation when working with this compound to mitigate any potential risks. Corundum: Secrets of Valuable Gemstones Fulminating Gold: Blowing It Up in Alchemy Vitriol in Alchemy: Caustic Compounds Algae blooms are natural but industrial blooms block sunlight, consume nutrients and deplete oxygen Environmental Hazards In the environment, ammonia can lead to eutrophication in water bodies, causing algal blooms that deplete oxygen levels, harming aquatic life. Therefore, its usage and disposal should be managed carefully to mitigate environmental impact. Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Zinc (Zn) is an essential metal of life and one of the four components in the Tetrasomia of Maria in alchemy. The 30th element on the periodic table, zinc has multiple functions in metallurgy, health, alchemy, economy and folklore. It's important to male fertility. Living Metals & Genders in Ancient Alchemy Seven Metals of Antiquity - Metallurgy Natural Magic of the Renaissance Alchemy: Zinc the Male Principle In alchemy, zinc embodies the male principle. According to Mary the Jewess (c. 100 AD), known as the first true alchemist, the metals have properties of gender and maintain certain anthropomorphic characteristics. The belief in metals as living bodies comes from the early days of metal working. By the copper or chalcolithic Age c. 4800 BCE metal workers gather an aura of mystique, embodying the magic of primal elements, chthonic spirits and energies of creation. Alchemy: Science, Philosophy, Magic Alchemy and the Art of Gold-Making Gnomes: Earth Spirits of Renaissance Mythology At the incipience of Alexandrian alchemy, Mary lists the four metals of the tetrasomia used in the "doubling process of Maria". The doubling can be carried out with mercury , and, in particular, an alloy of the four metals: copper iron lead zinc Zinc is known since prehistoric times but doesn't receive its formal name until the 1800s. In the 16th century, Swiss physician and alchemist Paracelsus calls it Zinke, German for prong or tooth. Mary the Jewess: Gold-Making & the Philosophers' Stone Alchemy: Dyeing Stones to Look Like Gems Alchemy of Mystical Herbal Elixirs & Cures Zinc is found in saliva and promotes healthy teeth German chemist Andreas Sigismund Marggraf is credited with discovering pure metallic zinc in 1746. A favorite metal of alchemists through time, zinc burns in air to become a white powder, zinc(II) oxide (zinc oxide, ZnO). The powder is known as "philosophers' wool" or nix alba (white snow). With prolonged heating zinc oxide turns yellow. Yellow zinc is often used today in metal plating. Alchemy Symbol for Zinc ! Zinc oxide fumes in contact with acids or alkalis to generate flammable hydrogen gas. Work in well-ventilated area. ! Breathing in zinc sulfate can also irritate the respiratory tract, cause nausea, vomiting, stomach ache, dizziness, depression, metallic taste in the mouth, and death. Exposure by skin contact can damage the skin leading to ulcers, blisters and scarring. Vitriol in Alchemy: Caustic Compounds Argyropoeia: Silver Making of Ancients Writing in Letters of Gold: Ancient Alchemy bolts with zinc yellow metal plating As an alloying agent, zinc forms alloys with several metals, enhancing strength, durability, and corrosion resistance. One of the best known zinc alloys is brass, the amalgamation of copper and zinc. A gold-colored metal resistant to tarnish, brass is found in isolated cases back to c. 3500 BCE. By the Iron Age c. 500 BCE it production picks up. By 200 BCE it's big business as Romans industriously smelt copper and calamine, a zinc ore, to create brass. Copper: Ruddy Metal of Myth & Magic Saffron - Most Precious Ancient Spice Sulfur - Treasure of the Underworld Calamine mineral, an ore of zinc, known for the lotion. The most common zinc ore today is sphalerite. Zinc yellow, a bright greenish yellow pigment derived by reacting zinc oxide with potassium dichromate solutions. The color shades of zinc yellow vary depending on proportions of each component. Discovered 1809, it's used as artists' pigment by 1847, but tends to turn brown. Acoustically resonant, brass shines in musical instruments such as saxophones, trombones, trumpets and horns, and as tuning pegs on string instruments like guitar. It's said bats can be evicted from an attic by loud brass band music when they return to roost at dawn. Women Scientists of the Ancient World Pope vs Alchemy 1317 AD: Falsification Chalcanthite: Crystal Blue Explosion Brass Band Buskers In early times brass is popular with those who want the look of gold without the price, and this is part of the reason zinc finds a prominent place in alchemy . Alchemy is concerned with coloring metals , through alloys, dyes, heat or other processes. Health Benefits of Zinc The total amount of zinc in the body is about 1.5 g in women and 2.5 g in men, much of it stored in skeletal muscle in bone. It's crucial for bone health, fortifying the core of the body. Low zinc in men can cause sluggish brain function and low levels of testosterone. Hair Loss: 9 Natural Cures of Physician Dioscorides The Anxious Victorian - Mental Health Eirenaeus Philalethes: Alchemy & Death in Renaissance London Wake me up when it's time to sleep An essential trace element, zinc is vital to numerous physiological functions, including immune system support, wound healing, and DNA synthesis. Zinc is involved in more than 300 enzymatic reactions in the body. It may be used to relieve common cold symptoms. A deficiency in zinc can cause health issues such as impaired immune function slow wound healing hair loss cognitive dysfunction Zinc-rich foods include oysters, red meat, poultry, beans, nuts, and whole grains. Salt: Exalted Mineral of Alchemy Alchemical Scientists: Secret Science of Alchemy Lead White & Minium Red: Colors to Die For White zinc oxide powder is the familiar zinc of medicinal skin ointments. It's used today to treat minor skin irritations such as burns, cuts and diaper rash.   Calamine lotion, made from zinc oxide, is used widely in dermatology as a soothing agent especially for poison ivy. It's not recommended for acne due to over-dehydration of skin. Zinc sulfate (zinc and sulfur) is another fine compound. As early as the 16th century it's prepared on the large scale. Its historical name, "white vitriol", is attributed in the Basil Valentine alchemical writings c. 1620. Alum: Tanning, Dye & Beauty Salts Salt: Exalted Mineral of Alchemy Prima Materia: Elements of Alchemy Zinc Sulfate (White Vitriol) Zinc in Metallurgy In metallurgy zinc is well known as part of the galvanization process. This process involves coating iron or steel with a layer of zinc to prevent corrosion, significantly extending the life of these metals. The practice of galvanization begins in the early 19th century. Today zinc-aluminum alloys (Zamak) are prized for lightweight and high-strength characteristics by aerospace and automotive industries. Other zinc alloys include nickel silver or German silver, made of copper with nickel and zinc. Isabella Cortese: Renaissance Writer, Alchemist, Entrepreneur Care and Feeding of Your German Kobold Galls & Gall Nuts: Black Ink, Dye, Medicine Nickel, copper & some alloys It's used in coinage and tableware. In mining folklore Nickel or "little Nick" is a mischievous imp who steals copper or corrupts it into a form which gives no copper. Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Enzymes are biological catalysts in functions essential to life. They ensure smooth digestion, fuel cellular activities and help maintain ecosystems. Enzymes catalyze biological reactions with staggering speed. Listeria Bacteria: Health and Environment Lactase: Nature's Milk Digestion Enzyme Galactose: Simple Sugar of Nature & Health Enzymes are most often proteins, complex large molecules used for vital functions in the body. Proteins do numerous tasks in cells, and are integral to structure, function and regulation of the body's tissues and organs. Each enzyme is specific to a single type of reaction or substrate. The speed at which enzymes work is profound. Some enzymes catalyze reactions up to one million times faster than they would happen without the enzyme. Five Sugars: Glucose, Maltose, Fructose, Sucrose, Lactose Lactic Acid Bacteria: Nature to Modern Uses Treponema pallidum : About the Syphilis Bacteria About Enzymes Enzymes are made of amino acid chains. These fold into three-dimensional shapes, which determine their functionality. Although most enzymes are proteins, a few RNA molecules (ribozymes) also show catalytic activity. Enzymes work by binding to substrates, forming an enzyme-substrate complex. This interaction triggers a series of transformations, ultimately producing new molecules known as products. The specificity of enzymes is as remarkable as their speed. Each type of enzyme acts on a unique substrate or group of substrates, ensuring biochemical pathways proceed smoothly within metabolic processes. Lactic Acid Fermentation: Beneficial Bacteria Difference Between Pickling & Fermentation Women of the Wild Hunt: Holle, Diana, Frigg How Enzymes Are Created Enzymes are synthesized in the body through protein synthesis, which happens in two main stages: transcription and translation. Transcription : The DNA sequence of a gene that codes for a specific enzyme is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus of the cell. Translation : The mRNA is then translated by ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where tRNA molecules bring corresponding amino acids. These amino acids chain together in the order specified by the mRNA, forming a polypeptide chain that folds into the final enzyme structure. The activity and amount of enzymes within a cell are regulated by factors such as environmental conditions, presence of inhibitors or activators, and feedback from metabolic pathways. These ensure a fast efficient response. Lignin: Ecology, Wood & Natural Health Organic Polymers: Ecology & Natural Health Seven Probiotics: Human Digestive Health Enzymes are produced starting with genes. Each specific enzyme is encoded by a unique gene, which provides the building blocks for its protein structure. The processes of transcription and translation orchestrate the creation of amino acid chains that eventually fold into functional enzymes. After synthesis, enzymes undergo various modifications. These include creation of their three-dimensional structure, specific to their purposes. For example, the enzyme amylase, which breaks down starches , needs chloride ions  to streamline its activity. Fermenting Cabbage to Make Sauerkraut 10 Ancient Spices of Trade, Health & Beauty Chamomile - Herbology & Folklore Enzymes in Nature In nature, enzymes are active in biological processes. These include: Photosynthesis : In green plants, enzymes like RuBisCO ( Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) the most plentiful enzyme on Earth, enable conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. RuBisCO conversions form the basis of the food chain. This reaction supports nearly all life on Earth, enabling green plants to transform sunlight into energy, ultimately affecting every living creature. Phytic Acid: Mother Nature's Nutrient Secrets Cellulose: Plant Fibers of Structure & Strength Women Scientists of the Ancient World Digestion : In animals, digestive enzymes such as amylase, lipase, and proteases break down complex food molecules into simpler ones to be absorbed and used by the body. Decomposition : Enzymes produced by fungi and bacteria are needed to break down organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem and supporting soil health. For example, the enzyme cellulase is produced by fungi and bacteria to break down cellulose, a major component of plant cell walls. This process recycles nutrients back into the ecosystem and also increases soil health. Potassium (K): Human Health & Environment Lectins & Phytates: Nature of Plants + Human Health Magnesium (Mg): Ecology & Human Health Biogeochemical Cycles : Enzymes also participate in the nitrogen cycle, where nitrogen-fixing bacteria use enzymes to convert atmospheric nitrogen into forms plants can absorb, like ammonium. Enzymes are crucial in many biochemical processes necessary for life, including digestion, metabolism, and DNA repair. Enzymes in Human Health Every human cell contains thousands of enzymes. Every human body contains 30 trillion cells. Enzymes are indispensable, influencing many bodily functions. SCOBY & Mother of Vinegar: Cultured Cuisine Chlorine (Cl): Properties, Hazards & Uses Tartrate Crystals: Secrets of Tartaric Acid parts of a human cell Metabolism : Enzymes regulate metabolic pathways, enabling processes like glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, which are vital for producing energy in cells. Disease and Disorders : Deficiencies or malfunctions in specific enzymes can cause disease. For example, phenylketonuria (PKU) is caused by a deficiency in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. Accumulation of phenylalanine can damage the nervous system. Enzyme Replacement Therapy : Those with enzyme deficiencies can benefit from therapies to provide necessary enzymes. For instance, people with cystic fibrosis can get pancreatic enzyme replacements to help digestion. Glycolysis: Biochemistry of Holistic Health Bdellovibrio : Lifestyles of Predatory Bacteria Wadjet - Winged Snake Goddess of Egypt digestive tract Digestive enzymes are perhaps the most recognized in the context of human health. They break down food into nutrients human bodies can absorb. For instance, lactase helps digest lactose , the sugar in milk. Pharmaceuticals : Enzymes are exploited in drug development and therapeutic interventions, such as using lactase supplements for lactose intolerance or thrombolytics in the case of blood clots. Esters & Phenols in Brewing, Perfumes, Food Making Natural Anti-Spasmodic Treatments for Muscle Spasms & Pain Oil-Dwelling Microbes: Bacteria, Yeast & Mold Facts about Enzymes Temperature Sensitivity : Most enzymes have an optimal temperature range. For example, human enzymes typically work best at around 37°C (98.6°F), while thermophilic enzymes, derived from heat-loving bacteria, can function at boiling temperatures. Enzymes in Industry : Beyond their biological roles, enzymes are widely employed in industrial processes, such as brewing (amylase in beer production), baking (proteases for dough conditioning), and detergents (lipases to break down fats and oils in stains). Polysaccharides: Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose Soap & Medicine Herb of Ancients Amethyst - Divine Purple Quartz Gemstone Temperature and pH Sensitivity:  Enzymes are sensitive to changes in temperature and pH. For instance, the enzyme pepsin, found in the stomach, works best in highly acidic conditions. Enzyme Specificity:  Each enzyme has a unique active site specifically shaped to fit its substrate, like a key fits into a lock. This specificity ensures enzymes efficiently trigger metabolic pathways. Phenols: Effects on Health & Environment Ancient Grains: Wheat, Barley, Millet, Rice Victorian Health: Sea Water Hydrotherapy Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Muscle spasms are involuntary, often painful contractions. They happen for many reasons including stress, body imbalance or dehydration. Here are a few natural anti-spasmodics to quell muscle spasms, especially in the back. Amino Acids: Optimal Body Health & Energy Tannins: Complex Astringents of Nature Flavonoids: Sensory Compounds of Nature Muscle spasms cause pain and restrict mobility. Pharmaceutical anti-spasmodics may be prescribed for managing muscle spasms, but many people are dissatisfied with modern medicine and seek natural remedies. Frustration with lack of adequate medical treatment can make problems worse. The time-honored remedies below are easy and pleasant to apply at home, and can minimize the pain and backache of muscle spasms. Phenols: Nature's Creations in Daily Life Women Scientists of the Ancient World Whey & Whey Products: Health & Science About Muscle Spasms Muscle spasms can be caused by overuse of muscles, posture problems, stress or underlying medical conditions such as herniated discs or sciatica. High-sugar diets are linked to back pain and spasms. Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance are also common reasons for muscle spasms. About 60% of people with chronic back pain also report muscle spasms. Alcoholism or excess alcohol intake is another cause. Pharmaceutical options if available may provide temporary relief but can also cause unwanted side effects. More people are using a holistic approach to manage painful muscle spasms. Flavors of Coffee: From Harvest to Homestead The Anxious Victorian - Mental Health 4 Infused Wines of Ancient Medicine Natural Remedies for Muscle Spasms 1. Epsom Salt Baths Epsom salt, rich in magnesium sulfate, can help soothe muscle spasms. Epsom salts have been used for beauty and relaxation for thousands of years. In ancient times magnesium sulfate is gathered from dry salt lake beds. Today it's easily available at the drugstore. How to Use: Dissolve 1-2 cups of Epsom salt in warm water. Soak for 15-20 minutes to facilitate magnesium absorption. This method not only relaxes the muscles but also enhances overall well-being. Metal Salts: Ancient History to Modern DIY Alum: Tanning, Dye & Beauty Salts Ammonium Carbonate: Sal Volatile Smelling Salts 2. Magnesium Supplements & Foods Speaking of magnesium, this element is crucial for proper muscle function. A deficiency may contribute to spasms. Magnesium supplements may help relieve muscle cramps and spasms. Magnesium is an important element in muscle relaxation. A study in the Journal of Pain Research  finds magnesium supplementation can significantly reduce muscle cramps. Women Brewers: Brewing History of Europe Renaissance Purgatives & Ancient Remedies Peracetic Acid: Origin, Reactions, Hazards gel caps work more quickly are easier to digest than tablets Foods rich in magnesium include nuts especially almonds, seeds (esp pumpkin & chia), whole grains, spinach and other leafy greens, avocados and beans. Raising the body's magnesium content can help dispel spasms. Magnesium is also a treatment for mood disorders, insomnia or sleep problems. It improves exercise tolerance and performance and helps regulate blood pressure. Spirit of Wine of the Wise: Alchemy Recipe Esters & Phenols in Brewing, Perfumes, Food Making Flavonoids: the Big Five of Aroma, Flavor & Color symptoms of magnesium deficiency include nausea, weakness, muscle spasms, seizures An all-over remedy, magnesium bolsters bone health and improves immune function. It can help regulate blood sugar and blood pressure. A biological woman needs about 320 mg of magnesium, more if pregnant or breastfeeding. A biological male needs up to 420 mg. Pumpkin seeds are among the best magnesium sources with 156 mg per 454 g or one ounce. Phenols: Effects on Health & Environment Ancient Grains: Wheat, Barley, Millet, Rice Chamomile - Herbology & Folklore Due to a thin indigestible membrane, raw pumpkin seeds should be soaked for 24 hrs before eating 3. Hydration and Electrolyte Balance Dehydration can contribute to muscle spasms, particularly if electrolytes like potassium and magnesium are low. Drinking pure H2O or water helps relax muscles almost immediately. Do it and feel it. Many athletes enjoy sports drinks due to the added electrolytes, primarily sodium and potassium to replenish that lost due to sweating. If you're not sweating they can cause overly rapid heartbeat due to influx of salt. Electrolytes conduct electricity when dissolved in water. In the body they manage nerve and muscle function, maintain hydration levels, blood acidity and pressure balance. Polysaccharides: Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose Mulberry Tree (Morus): Uses, Folklore & Myth Gingerbread Houses: German Folklore elixir of life They also help repair damaged tissue in case of injury or chronic pain. Muscles and neurons or nerve cells are often called the "electric tissues" of the body.. Electrolyte-rich foods like bananas, spinach, and avocado help maintain balance and prevent spasms. Dehydration increase risk of muscle dysfunction due to poor electrolyte performance. Cornstarch: Cuisine, Beauty, Cleaning Uses Lactose Loving Yeast: Microbial Rule Breakers Mold: Cultivation & Use in Food Fermentation Whey is a popular choice of athletes for improved muscle function and healing. It's the liquid of the curdled milk of cheese making, also found in supplement form. It's not for the lactose-intolerant as most of milk's lactose ends up in the whey. It's one reason for the prevalence of cheese making in the Neolithic and ancient world, when most people haven't yet evolved the lactose gene . Difference Between Pickling & Fermentation Milk into Cheese: Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) Creation, Cattle & the Cosmic Cow Whey Alcohol use or overuse can deplete the body's water levels and electrolyte functions, and is directly linked to muscle spasms. According to Dr. Tara Lin Hollins at the Cleveland Medical Center: “Alcohol is a natural diuretic, and the dehydration it causes can trigger muscle pain and lower back discomfort. When someone comes in with spasms, one of the first things we do is check their electrolytes and hydration level.” Hydrating foods like cucumbers (95% water) and watermelon (92% water) can increase the body's fluid intake. However, some bodies find nothing is better than drinking straight water for hydration and electrolyte balance. Amazing Yeast: Feeding, Breeding & Biofilms Glycolysis: Biochemistry of Holistic Health Hildegard von Bingen: Nature, Music & Beer watermelon - delicious source of hydration 4. Stretching and Exercise Gentle stretching helps maintain muscle flexibility and strength. Stretches specifically targeting the back can help alleviate tension. Techniques such as yoga and Pilates focus on stretching the spinal muscles and can improve posture and muscle balance, reducing risk of spasms. If you hate exercise (same here) do simple stretches including: A good and simple exercise: Lie on your back. Raise one knee to chest, hug gently, being aware of the muscle pull in lower back. The other leg can be bent or straight, as comfortable. Aim for 10x with one knee and 10x with the other. Starch: Power of Plants & Human Energy Alchemical Salt: Essential Salts of Alchemy Mugwort (Wormwood) Herbal Lore And: Shoulder rolls can be done anywhere anytime unless they cause pain. Roll one shoulder back and forth, roll the other, roll both and get a smooth rhythm going, like dancing. This exercise should be fun, relaxed, not stiff. Another: With feet flat on ground, reach for the sky. Do not clasp hands. Gently push heels of hands upward. Keep eyes front, relax and do not arch lower back. Take regular or deep breaths. Feel muscle pull on back and through the body. Lower arms slowly and breathe. If deep breathing affects the back (it can), aim for regular slow breaths instead. Oxygen is heaven for muscles. Panacea: Goddess of Universal Health Elixir of Life: Alchemy & the Emperor Natural Health: Paracelsus & Hermetic Principles breathe When muscles work harder the body uses more oxygen and produces more carbon dioxide. Exercise near plants - they appreciate the CO2, and will return it in the form of oxygen. With extra demand of physical exercise, breathing must increase from about 15x a minute (12 liters of air) at rest, up to 40–60x a minute (100 liters of air) during exercise. Inadequate oxygen can cause cramps and spasms. Victorian Health: Sea Water Hydrotherapy 19th Century: Home Gym, Bicycles, Antiseptic Potash: Agriculture, Plant & Garden Health we love you! 5. Heat and Cold Therapy Heat such as a warm towel or heating pad can help increase blood flow to tense muscles and provide relief. Cold therapy, on the other hand, can reduce inflammation and numb sharp pain. Alternating between heat and cold treatments is said to give enhanced relief for persistent spasms. Personally it makes no difference in spasms, but cures are different for everyone, and some work better than others. Using heat therapy can relieve muscle tightness and enhance blood flow. A heating pad or warm compress may help relax muscles. This therapy should supplement or accompany other relaxant strategies. Glycerin (Glycerol): Darling of Cosmetics, Health & Science Milk & Dairy: Ancient Lactose Gene   Scientific Revolution Europe 1543-1687 Hot tubs help relieve pain and reduce muscle spasms (this works well for me!) 6. Herbal Remedies Several herbs are known for muscle-relaxing properties. They include but are not limited to: Valerian Root : Often used as a natural sedative, valerian root may also help relax muscles and ease tightness. Peppermint : With its antispasmodic qualities, peppermint oil can be applied topically or used in aromatherapy to help relax muscle spasms. Ginger : Known for its anti-inflammatory properties, ginger can be consumed as a tea or supplement to alleviate discomfort. Ginger especially is known for longevity properties and health benefits including reduction of pain and inflammation. Lavender : particularly effective in promoting relaxation to reduce muscle tension. Chamomile: anti-inflammatory with other benefits such as relieving cold symptoms, aiding digestion and improving sleep. Aromatherapy and massage can bring all-over benefits to the body. It can also be a prelude to great sex, another known holistic muscle relaxant. Rosemary: Immortal Essence & Balm of Kings Women of the Wild Hunt: Holle, Diana, Frigg Lavender (Lavandula) Magic of Nature 7. Mind-Body Techniques Mindfulness meditation, deep breathing exercise and progressive muscle relaxation may help reduce stress and tension in the body, which are triggers for muscle spasms. Incorporating these techniques into your daily routine can foster a sense of physical and emotional relaxation. Chronic stress can cause muscle tension. Finding effective stress management strategies, such as exercise, meditation or active hobbies can help reduce body tension. Inactivity can exacerbate muscle stiffness. Famous Women of Renaissance Alchemy Active Imagination: Creative Therapy Song of the Loreley - Lethal Attraction Owww! 8. Posture Awareness It's easy to get into stressful postures especially if involved in engrossing activities. The fix can be simple. My problem here: back pain and spasms increase in sessions of microscopy ie looking into a microscope. Moving microscope to a higher elevation and changing body positions reduces posture-caused pain and inflammation. This carries over to other activities whether reading, watching TV, studying for exams or playing games. Posture awareness can target ongoing and potential problems of back pain and the merciless spasms of agony. Vinegar Cures of Physician Dioscorides 10 Ancient Spices of Trade, Health & Beauty Five Sugars: Glucose, Maltose, Fructose, Sucrose, Lactose A combination of therapies is better than focus on just one. Many are easy to incorporate into daily life. Spasms and pain caused by underlying health conditions should be professionally treated (if possible). Relief for back pain and spasms doesn't need lifestyle transformations. A few focused breaths or simple shoulder rolls during the day will make a notable difference, and kick in the energy and enthusiasm for other methods. Terroir in Wine & Food: Expression of Place Pan: Wild Rustic God of Music & Flocks Lactic Acid Fermentation: Beneficial Bacteria Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Treponema pallidum is a parasitic spirochete or spiral bacterium, primarily known for causing the STI syphilis . It's tricky to identify, existing in human knowledge for hundreds of years before encountering its nemesis in 1943. Syphilis: History & Symptoms of a Ravaging Disease 5 Syphilis Treatments of European History Seven Deadly Diseases of the Renaissance The infection ravages populations especially during the Renaissance and 19th century. It's also common during the Word Wars I and II. Discovered in 1905 T. pallidum is only later identified as the cause of syphilis. This thin, coiled, and highly motile bacterium is characterized by its unique corkscrew shape and movement. It's distinguished from other bacteria by membrane structure and absence of certain biosynthetic pathways. Treponema pallidum  is anaerobic, living in oxygen-free environments. It's microscopic, about 0.1 to 0.2 micrometers in diameter and 6 to 15 micrometers in length. One micrometer is equivalent to 0.001 mm. Renaissance Apocalypse: End is Nigh Malaria: Roman Fever & Renaissance Plague Parabalani: Medics & Murderous Mobs Its flexible cell wall is made of peptidoglycan. Peptidoglycan or murein is a macromolecule, a polysaccharide consisting of sugars and amino acids . It forms a mesh-like layer or sacculus. This surrounds the bacterial c ytoplasmic membran e. It also has axial filaments to enable motility, allowing it to move through tissues and mucosa in its typical freewheeling corkscrew manner. It's classified as a Gram-negative bacterium due to its unique membrane structure. Its membrane also contributes to its artful immune evasion. Seven Probiotics: Human Digestive Health Lactobacillus : Nature of Lactic Acid Bacteria Cherish the Chocolate: Sweet Fermentation The bacterium is transmitted to another human by contact with syphilis sores typically during sexual activity. It dwells in moist environments such as the mucous membranes of genitals, anus, oral cavity and lymph nodes. A chemotroph and obligate human pathogen, Treponema pallidum  gets energy from breakdown of organic compounds. It relies entirely on its human host, lacking the genetic makeup to synthesize essential nutrients. Nutritionally, T. pallidum has low needs. It doesn't have the biosynthetic pathways for amino acids, nucleotides or many other essential compounds. T. pallidum feeds from surrounding tissue and the host's immune cells. Pseudomonadota : E. coli, Gonorrhea & Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria Pasteurization: Microbial Dominance & Destruction Song of the Loreley - Lethal Attraction Its metabolic byproducts include volatile fatty acids and other organic compounds. These are secreted in negligible quantities. due to the bacterium's lack of metabolism. T. pallidum reproduces asexually by binary fission. This process involves the elongation of the bacterium, followed by the division of the cell into two identical daughter cells. The replication cycle is comparatively slow, with a doubling time of 30 to 33 hours, considerably longer than most bacteria who double at an amazing 4 - 20 minutes. Slow growth inhibits laboratory cultures of T. pallidum. ATP: Nature of Energy & Vital Functions Starch-Loving Bacteria: Nature, Science, Nutrition Terroir in Wine & Food: Expression of Place As mentioned a notable characteristic of T. pallidum is its ability to evade the immune system. The bacterium displays extensive genetic variability, helping it adapt to different immune responses. By modifying its surface proteins it remains undetected, making treatment difficult. Laboratory cultivation of this bacterium is challenging. It requires specialized conditions and use of animal models for research. Lactic Acid Fermentation: Beneficial Bacteria Women of the Wild Hunt: Holle, Diana, Frigg Women Scientists of the Ancient World always looking in the wrong place .... T. pallidum demonstrates genetic variability and evasion mechanisms allowing it to persist in an immune-activated environment. This contributes to its talent for causing chronic infection. Antigen variation : By frequently changing its surface antigens, T. pallidum avoids recognition by the host's immune cells. Immune system modulation : The bacterium can induce immune suppression, allowing it to persist in the host for long periods without being cleared by the immune response. The pathogenicity of Treponema pallidum begins with entry into the body. This is often through small abrasions or mucous membranes during sexual contact. Once inside, the bacterium travels in the bloodstream, spreading systemic infection through the host. Renaissance Purgatives & Ancient Remedies Rabbit Fever Plague & Warfare: Hittites Kakia: Greek Goddess of Vice & Abominations Clinical Manifestations Syphilis progresses through several stages: primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary. Each stage manifests with distinct clinical symptoms: Primary syphilis : Characterized by the presence of a painless ulcer called a chancre, which appears at the site of infection. Secondary syphilis : Systemic spread leads to rashes, mucous membrane lesions, and flu-like symptoms. Latent syphilis : An asymptomatic phase where the bacterium remains in a dormant state. Tertiary syphilis : Damage to multiple organ systems, including the cardiovascular and nervous systems, may occur years later if left untreated. The capacity of T. pallidum to persist without symptoms for extended periods complicates early diagnosis and treatment. Alchemical Salt: Essential Salts of Alchemy Mugwort (Wormwood) Herbal Lore Fermenting Cabbage to Make Sauerkraut Facts about Treponema pallidum Historical Impact : Syphilis is significant in public health and societal perceptions of disease throughout history, often associated with social stigma. Diagnostic Challenges : Diagnosis often relies on serological tests, as culturing T. pallidum in vitro is challenging, making it one of the few human pathogens to elude simple laboratory study. Condoms: Protect against transmission of syphilis by preventing contact with a sore; however sores also occur in areas not covered by a condom. Contact with these can transmit the bacterium. Noble Rot: Secret of Sumptuous Sweet Wines Mad Hatter's Disease: Mercury Madness Foodborne Fungi and Mold: Facts & Dangers Global Prevalence : Syphilis remains endemic in various parts of the world. According to 2022 data, in countries with available stats, Malta has the highest rate of syphilis, at 24.4 cases per 100,000. Next is Luxembourg (23.4), Spain (16.6), Ireland (16.6), Lichtenstein (15.3) and Portugal (14.8). In the United States, reported syphilis cases increase 80% between 2018 and 2022. Case counts soar from from 115,000 in 2018 to more than 207,000 in 2022. Aspergillus Flavus Mold: Origins, Behavior, Dangers Food Pathogens: Family Health & Safety Mother of Vinegar & Microbial Life in a Bottle Highly Sensitive : T. pallidum cannot withstand environmental changes; it dies quickly outside the human body, often within minutes. Zoonotic Concerns : While primarily a human pathogen, similar Treponema species infect various animals. Penicillin Sensitivity : Since its introduction in 1943, penicillin has proven 98% effective against T. pallidum , making it the common treatment for syphilis. Ethyl Acetate: Scent of Flowers, Wine & Fruits Hanseniaspora : Wild Lovers of Sweet Grapes Microfungi: Mysterious Web of Life & Death penicillin syringe Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) of obscure origins, a spotty history and massive impact. In the Renaissance its effects are horrendous. Discovery of bacteria in the 19th century opens the way to a cure. Jump to: Syphilis Symptoms Seven Probiotics: Human Digestive Health Seven Deadly Diseases of the Renaissance Panacea: Goddess of Universal Health A sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum , syphilis has a long history. It's influenced by manifestations of the disease, society and medical understanding over the centuries. The origins of syphilis are still a matter of debate. The infection is thought to first appear in Europe in the late 15th century, following the voyages of Christopher Columbus to the Americas. 5 Syphilis Treatments of European History Cherish the Chocolate: Sweet Fermentation Lactobacillus : Nature of Lactic Acid Bacteria voyaging This theory posits the bacterium exists in the New World, brought back to Europe to burst out in an epidemic. Earliest recorded clinical descriptions come from the early 1500s. The first extensive recorded outbreak in Europe occurs after a French army returns from its invasion of Italy in 1495. With no understanding of the disease, cases rapidly escalate. Renaissance Purgatives & Ancient Remedies Rabbit Fever Plague & Warfare: Hittites Starch: Power of Plants & Human Energy The name "syphilis" is popularized by Italian poet Girolamo Fracastoro. It appears in his 1530 poem " Syphilis, sive morbus Gallicus " ("Syphilis, or the French Disease"). Fracastoro tells the story of a shepherd named Syphilus, who is punished by the gods, becoming afflicted with the disease. This brings the term into common use and presents syphilis as both a medical and moral issue. Women Scientists of the Ancient World Ancient Grains: Wheat, Barley, Millet, Rice Malaria: Roman Fever & Renaissance Plague Some experts believe syphilis exists in Europe long before the 1490s, possibly under different names and a wide variety of symptoms. This suggests symptoms might be misdiagnosed earlier in history. In the times following its emergence, syphilis is called the "French disease," "Italian disease," or "Spanish disease," depending on the region. Venereal ailments are linked to promiscuity and moral failure. Kakia: Greek Goddess of Vice & Abominations Alchemical Salt: Essential Salts of Alchemy Mugwort (Wormwood) Herbal Lore During the Renaissance, one in seven people has syphilis. It's a devastating affliction in some ways resembling the Black Plague, as skin would fester and fall off. Sufferers don't help the situation. They rub mercury into wounds and even bathe in the toxic stuff. Mercury is known to have side effects but it's also prescribed in small amounts to treat illness. Desperate people believe more is better. Mercury: Miracle Metal of Madness Mad Hatter's Disease: Mercury Madness Scheele's Green: History's Most Toxic Pigment Mercury (Hg) Quicksilver Besides physical trauma, syphilis turn afflicted people into social pariahs throughout history. This perception creates a damaging cycle of shame. As scientific knowledge advances in the 19th century, understanding of syphilis evolves. In 1905, German scientists Fritz Schaudinn and Erich Hoffmann identify Treponema pallidum as the cause of syphilis. Victorian Trends: Sailor Suits to Taxidermy Edelweiss: Alpine Flower of True Love Magnesium (Mg): Ecology & Human Health Treponema pallidum   bacteria The landmark discovery gives an understanding of transmission and pathology of syphilis. Simultaneously, the disease emerges as a public health concern. With rise of urbanization and accompanying social changes during the later Industrial Revolutions, cases surge. Governments start campaigns to fight the spread of syphilis, using screening and education. Five Sugars: Glucose, Maltose, Fructose, Sucrose, Lactose Renaissance Apocalypse: End is Nigh Asclepius: Greek Medicine Snake God The discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming in 1928 revolutionizes the treatment of syphilis, as well as many other infectious diseases. By the 1940s, medical professionals recognize penicillin as an effective cure. Syphilis goes from a once life-threatening condition to a manageable one. After penicillin becomes standard treatment, syphilis-related deaths drop by up to 90%. Despite this medical breakthrough, societal views linger. Noble Rot: Secret of Sumptuous Sweet Wines SCOBY & Mother of Vinegar: Cultured Cuisine Vinegar Cures of Physician Dioscorides Syphilis is seen as a mark of moral failing. While penicillin significantly increases survival rates, it does not dismantle the social perceptions tied to the infection. During the two World Wars, syphilis becomes a significant issue among soldiers. Efforts to control the disease include educational campaigns, distribution of prophylactics, and treatment programs. Killer Yeast: Assassins of the Microworld Almadén Mines: Ancient Mercury Extraction Flavors of Coffee: From Harvest to Homestead In 21st century syphilis resurges. Rates climb in many parts of the world, especially in the US and Europe. Today, syphilis is effectively treatable with antibiotics, particularly benzathine penicillin G. Syphilis may come and go as the disease progresses through various stages. Some people may not exhibit any symptoms but still have the condition. The infection can be transmitted for a week following treatment. Amazons - Warrior Women History & Myth Whey & Whey Products: Health & Science Parabalani: Medics & Murderous Mobs waiting ... Syphilis Symptoms Primary syphilis (first stage): usually lasts around 21 days a round, painless, usually hard sore (chancre) appears on the genitals, anus or elsewhere the chancre may not be noticed and will heal in 3–10 days progresses to the second stage if untreated Secondary syphilis: includes a non-itchy rash, usually on the palms and soles of the feet white or grey lesions appear in warm and moist areas, such as the labia or anus, at the site of the chancre symptoms will go away without treatment Latent syphilis: often has no symptoms progresses to the third and final stage of syphilis (tertiary) after years if untreated tertiary syphilis can lead to brain disease such as dementia, and cardiovascular diseases Lucrezia Borgia: Exploring the Enigma Hundred Years’ War: Battles & Overview Glass & Arts of Ancient Glass Making Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Rough horsetail ( Equisetum hyemale ) is the oldest known plant in the world, and also makes beautiful music. Dating back to 150 million years ago, it's a seasoned survivor. Rough horsetail has medicinal benefits and a toxic streak. Rise of Pan: Fertility Goat God Péh₂usōn Elixir of Life: Alchemy & the Emperor Herbology & Lore: Stinging Nettle Ancient grasses, hollow reeds; horsetail grows to about 3 ft (0.9 m) E. hyemale grows in marshes, wetlands, sandy soil, riparian zones of rivers, lakes and creeks, anywhere the soil is perpetually moist. It's widespread over temperate to arctic zones. In some places it's considered invasive; in others, a living fossil. The hollow reeds can be cut to make musical instruments such as woodwinds; whistles, flutes and pipes. They could be the same kind of reeds once used by a Mediterranean goat-god to dance the night away. This is a plant of wisdom. It knows many stories passed down through the ages. Used as a flute it can tell them, too. Even today makers of musical instruments use the stems to shape the reeds of instruments such as clarinets or saxophones. Pan: Wild Rustic God of Music & Flocks Gramophone, Player Piano & Motion Pictures Pioneering German Women - Bertha Benz A friend with a reed is a friend indeed In 1753 Linnaeus identifies the scouring rush plant as Equisetum hyemale . The rough horsetail is used to scour pots and pans, a natural scrubbing tool. The reeds can also be used as sandpaper. The plant has some medical benefits and some toxic warnings. Taking this plant for a week or longer can cause liver problems. It's used as a diuretic and to treat venereal disease, sore genitals, burning pains on urination, nasal congestion and respiratory ailments. Ancient Deities: Proto Indo European Gods 7 Primary Electrolytes: Essential Ions & Health Sun Goddesses of World Mythology A languid kind of headache ... Rough horsetail is toxic in high amounts or over a period of time. It destroys B vitamins, but improves the health of skin and hair. Prolonged use can cause liver and kidney damage. It's not recommended to use this plant every day. Horsetail relates to the planet Saturn , having both strong positive and negative qualities. It can increase willpower and help define limits or boundaries. It can be used to strengthen affirmations and commitments. It's protective against undesirable energy and helps purify one's space. Visigoths, King Alaric & the Ruin of Rome Pagan Solstice Fests: Saturnalia Herbology & Lore: Poison Hemlock Saturn: industry, prosperity, lucky number 8 It's an herb of good judgment and prosperous returns for sincere efforts. Saturn is an agriculture god. The mythological reign of Saturn is portrayed as a Golden Age of peace and abundance. It's celebrated each year at Saturnalia . Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Ninazu is originally a god of ancient Sumer (c 6000 BCE), whose worship spreads through other parts of Mesopotamia. He's known as "king of snakes" and "lord of the underworld". Later, he becomes a god of war. See also: Abu - Ancient Vegetation Snake God Elixir of Life: Alchemy & the Emperor Gula - Medicine Goddess of Mesopotamia Ninazu - Fertility Deity Goes to War Associated with serpents , vegetation, healing and Kur, the Mesopotamian land of the dead, Ninazu has all the characteristics of a major fertility deity. Mesopotamia is home to several vegetation snake gods, such as Abu . READ: Cult of the Fire God  - Bronze Age Adventure New 2024 Snakes and fertility are closely entwined. In Mesopotamia the snake is identified by logogram MUŠ, representing ṣēru, the Akkadian word for snake. . See also: Nigella Sativa: Black Seed of Healers Asag - Horrific Disease Demon of Kur Namtar: Underworld Sukkal & Disease Demon Viper in Vegetation - Snake in the Grass Sylvia Rose Books  on Smashwords   Lora Ley Fantasy Fiction Series   Reiker For Hire Murder Mysteries   Sylvia Rose Art  on Zazzle Ninazu is also called "steward of the great earth" (Kur) and "lord healer", associating him with healing and natural medicine. As time goes by, the fertility vegetation deity acquires attributes of a warrior god, much like Ninurta . Ninazu is regarded either as one of Underworld Goddess Ereshkigal 's consorts, or her son with husband Gugalanna. Some speculate Ninazu is a major underworld deity supplanted by Ereshkigal (appearing c 2900 BCE) and her later husband Nergal , god of inflicted death, war and disease. See also: Gallu (Galla) Demons of Ancient Kur Belet-Seri: Underworld Scribe Goddess Aya - Goddess of Dawn, Mesopotamia Underworld Goddess Ereshkigal Today's Zazzle Specials   Smashwords Books The original main cult centers of Ninazu are Enegi, now a lost city, and Eshnunna (central Mesopotamia, today's Iraq). The appearance of the god Tishpak in c. 2300 BCE draws Ninurza into competition for the city of Eshnunna. READ: Cult of the Fire God  - Bronze Age Adventure New 2024 After the Old Babylonian period (1894 - 1595 BCE) and the rule of Hammurabi, his cult starts to diminish. In the cultural center Eshnunna, worship of Ninazu shifts to that of Tishpak. The god Tishpak is associated with war, kingship and snakes, including the mythical mushussu and bashmu . See also: Asray: Ugaritic Underworld Goddess German Harvest Spirits - Dragons Nergal - Ancient Underworld Gods Mushussu, Snake Dragon Animal of Tishpak / Marduk from Ishtar Gate, Babylon Today's Zazzle Specials   Smashwords Books In the first millennium BCE, the god hero Marduk vanquishes the mushussu  and takes it from Tishpak. The animal is a helper and companion of Marduk ever after. The development of warlike qualities in agricultural gods is a sign of conflicts in the mortal world and an increasing need to defend against enemies and usurpers. The local dieties are tasked with protecting the town in exchange for worship and sacrifice. Votive figures, incense, grain, fruit, flowers, adulation and blood sacrifice are given. See also: Sacred Scarab: Lucky Bug of Ancient Egypt Al-Mi'raj: Unicorn Hare of Arab Myth Ullikummi - Rock Monster of Legend Offerings given Sylvia Rose Books  on Smashwords   Lora Ley Fantasy Fiction Series   Reiker For Hire Murder Mysteries   Sylvia Rose Art  on Zazzle In ancient Mesopotamia , for several reasons human population expands. From the early mass migrations of the Yamnaya Steppe People (c 3500 - 3000 BCE), population takes a major shift in the next centuries. Domestication of the horse , assimilation and conquest of other people raise the numbers. READ: Cult of the Fire God  - Bronze Age Adventure New 2024 At the advent of the Bronze Age, immigration, trade, improvements in agriculture and livestock breeding leads to better health. By the 3rd millenium BCE there's also an increase in general health awareness. Better health means higher childbirth survival rate of mother and baby, and lower infant mortality rate. See also: Pazuzu - Demon God of Mesopotamia Hurrians: Bronze Age Warrior Kingdom Nabarbi - Rustic Goddess of Pastures Today's Zazzle Specials   Smashwords Books Medicine in the ancient world is natural or spiritual. Herbs such camomile , blackseed and plantain are recorded for their healing properties. The saliva of dogs , now confirmed by modern science, is known to help wounds heal. Chemistry is not introduced into medicine until the time of Paracelsus in 16th century CE, during the European Renaissance. Its precursor is alchemy , which gains popularity in the first few centuries CE. See also: Women of Alchemy - Mary the Jewess Ambrosia: Divine Nectar & Immortal Gods Myth & Metallurgy - Metals of Antiquity Mercury - Essential Element of Alchemy Today's Zazzle Specials   Smashwords Books In the second millennium of the ancient world, worship of medicine and healing goddess Gula in Mesopotamia comes second only to that of Inanna (Ishtar) . Much sickness is considered caused by demons. Among her other attributes, Gula is known to protect against disease demons such as the hideous Asag . Need for territory and resources grow along with populatons. Weapons of bronze, plate armor and chariots give the advantage to cultures such as the Hittites (c 1800 - 1180 BCE). When war becomes a larger part of life, so do war gods. See also: Sekhmet - War Goddess of Ancient Egypt Demons - Evil Udug of Mesopotamia Mythical Pagan German Gods & Spirits Ninurta chases the monster Anzû with lightning bolts Today's Zazzle Specials   Smashwords Books Previously benign dieties become more forceful. By the time of Ninurta's fight with the monster Anzu ( Anzû) , the god is shown as fierce and formidable, wielding lightning bolts as weapons. Ninazu goes through similar transformations. His patron animal, the snake, is associated with fertility of the earth, healing and prosperity throughout the known lands. It's also a creature commanding respect. See also: Turquoise: Precious Stone of Ancients Seduction of Hedammu, Father of Snakes Wadjet - Winged Snake Goddess of Egypt Metal scale armor (2nd millennium BCE) is based on the scales & flexibility of snakes Sylvia Rose Books  on Smashwords   Lora Ley Fantasy Fiction Series   Reiker For Hire Murder Mysteries   Sylvia Rose Art  on Zazzle Another of Ninazu's attributes is prevention and healing of snakebite, a usual talent of Mesopotamian snake gods. Asia Minor is home to at least fifteen species of venomous and deadly snakes, and many more non-venomous. For the King of Snakes, it's easy to make the transition in theology from venomous serpents to weapons of war. See also: Flooding of the Nile - Nature & Myth Brunhilde: Tragic Germanic Warrior Queen Reiker For Hire, Victorian Era & Nixies Today's Zazzle Specials   Smashwords Books Overall Ninazu is a popular god. Although Tishpak eventually takes his place in Eshnunna, and Goddess Ereshkigal spurns him for Nergal, he retains followers and influence. His worship continues in Ur even after the fall of major Mesopotamian cities. See also: Rosemary: Immortal Essence & Balm of Kings Ouroboros Glyph: Snake Eating Tail Women of the Wild Hunt: Holle, Diana, Frigg Back to Top

The concept of the evil eye exists since the beginning of humanity on earth. The curse is cast with a malevolent look or glare. The evil eye can spread sickness, cause hatred, conflict, accidents, fires, crop failure and death. Seven Deadly Diseases of the Renaissance Lamashtu, Baby-Eating Demon Goddess of Mesopotamia Wiedergänger - the German Undead Casting the Evil Eye The evil eye is usually more powerful on a personal level, such that misfortune befalls a certain person or household, but it can also start plague or epidemics of contagious disease. About 40% of the world believes in the evil eye. Compare to about 31.6% of the world which believes in the concept of Christianity. In some areas, though, people believe in both. The evil eye is a reality for people long before Paul started preaching the gospel in Rome in 47 AD. In later Catholicism, reciting prayers and making the sign of the cross or displaying the cross is considered to repel the evil eye curse. Women of Alchemy: Anna Maria Zieglerin Soul Perspectives: Pythagoras, Socrates, Plato Renaissance Apocalypse: End is Nigh Demons, hostile spirits and envious humans can cast the evil eye. During the witch hunts, accused witches are considered to have the ability. In German mythology the Eschenfrau or Ash Tree Woman is a hostile spirit who can sicken a person with her glare. The purpose of apotropaic magic is protection from the evil eye and other curses. Before the Vikings - Nordic Bronze Age Gold - Precious Metal of the Sun Ancient Greece - the Mycenean Invasion Demons of the Night come to Light The evil eye is entrenched in cultures of the Mediterranean region, the Balkans, the Middle East, Central Asia and elsewhere. In the middle of the Bronze Age, c. 1800 BCE, amulets, spells and rituals of protection against the evil eye appear in Mesopotamia. A common protection is the nazar amulet, made of glass to resemble a blue, black and white eye. Another is a hand shaped ornament called hamsa or the Hand of Fatima. At first evil eye beads were made of stone or clay. Phoenician merchants promote the spread of glass after c.1500 BCE. The talismans were popular with the Phoenicians, Persians, Greeks, Romans and Ottomans. Castle Frankenstein - Legend & Lore Famous Women Inventors - Anna Connelly Agrippina & Son: Poisonous Plots of Rome Nazar Amulets for Protection against evil eye In Roman times whole tribes are thought to have the power of the evil eye. The people of Pontus, on the southern coast of the Black Sea, and the Scythians, inhabiting the Pontic-Caspian region in 6th to 3rd centuries BCE, are said to transmit the evil eye curse. Ancient Romans use phallic representations as protection. Stone carvings show a disembodied phallus, repelling the evil eye by ejaculating towards it. In Southern Italy today, numerous amulets and gestures are used to ward off the curse, including the cornicello , an amulet shaped like a bull's horn; the cimaruta , silver charm consisting of other talismans; and the sign of the horns (in America, the 'rock' gesture esp at concerts), a fist with forefinger and little finger raised. Baltic Amber - Gold of the North Earth Mother - Goddess of Life Women of the Wild Hunt: Holle, Diana, Frigg Sign of the Horns - Ancient Protection Against the Evil Eye in modern culture In Arab culture, the phrase Masha'Allah or God wills it might accompany a compliment to ward off bad luck. In some countries the herb rue gives protection. In many cultures the evil eye affects not only humans but animals, such as making a milk cow go dry. The ancient Greeks put talismans in the home and wear amulets as protection from the evil eye. In the 6th century BCE, the politician Peisistratus hangs the figure of a grasshopper before the Acropolis of Athens for protection. Tumuli - Burial Mounds of the Bronze Age Syphilis: History & Symptoms of a Ravaging Disease Herbology & Lore: Stinging Nettle Grasshopper - guardian against the evil eye Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Worship of bears and bear sacrifice is an ancient practice, going back to early humans. Twenty thousand years ago, in boreal forests and snowy north, bears are feared and revered as the greatest of Gods. An alpha predator, the Bear holds dominion over the realm of mortals and the mystic. Great Bear - Nature, Spirituality & Lore Mansur the Bear - YouTube Syrian Brown Bear - Bronze Age Wild Brown Bear - Symbol of Fertility, Wisdom, Protection Bear worship appears in several cultures of the northern latitudes including the Sami of Scandinavia, Nivkh of Northeast Asia, Ainu of Northern Japan, Basques of the Pyrenees, Germanic cultures, the Slavs and Finns. The Bear is a powerful force in the myths of North American indigenous people and has a strong position in Celtic lore. Possessing superhuman strength, a towering height and deadly natural weapons of muscle, teeth and claws, the Bear inspires awe and respect. Its roar resounds like thunder through the hills. Claw marks on trees can be up to 12 feet high. Despite their ferocity bears are loving and attentive mothers. Teachers and guides, they show their cubs the skills to survive. They're protective, devoted and sensitive parents, but don't get them mad. Animal Archetype: Mysteries of the Unconscious Quintessence: Elemental Life Force Khaos: Primal Goddess of Greek Myth Mother Bear with Triplets in the wildflower forest Mother Bear keeps a close watch on her cubs. She has one to four, who will stay with her about two years. They're in danger from dominant male bears who want to kill them, thus start the female's estrus. The female has to protect her children and fend off aggressive males who might be bigger and stronger, so her ferocity must overpower theirs. Yet by nature the bear has a gentle side. Despite its massive size its lips are so sensitive the bear can pick wild grapes off the bunch one by one, and raspberries from the prickly bushes. Pagan Solstice Fests: Saturnalia Honey Mead: Most Ancient Ambrosia After the Ice Age - Neolithic Builders Brown bear, just chillin'. Bears are at home in water and love to swim or just sit back & relax. The Bear uses tools such as rocks and can flex its paws into scoops for digging in narrow spaces. It sorts through pebbles with a claw. It has some geometry skills. Facial expressions include smile and laugh, a throwback to the bear's dog-like ancestor. When not being fierce, the bear is often observed creating its own toys with sticks, rocks and springy saplings. Bears can remember a person who has been cruel to them even after many years. Bears have been known to stalk hunters who wounded them. They remember harm, but also remember kindness. Herbology & Lore: Rowan (Mountain Ash) Mountain Gazelle: Wild Ancient World Neolithic Europe - Danube Valley Culture Teddy is a snuggly friend. Teddy bears were created in 1902 by German inventor Richard Streiff. In the 2nd century AD, the Greek astronomer Ptolemy names constellations Ursa Major (Great Bear) and Ursa Minor (Little Bear). In myth and lore the Bear connects to the cosmic power of the skies and stars as well as rhythms of the Earth. The Bear spirit can represent a child of Mother Earth and the Sky Father. Bear is part of the creation myths of many cultures. In the folklore of Finland the bear Otso is sacred king of animals and leader of the forest, deeply feared and respected by old tribes of Finland. Calling a bear by its true name is believed to summon the bear. Amazing Legacy of Alexander von Humboldt The Mystic Victorian - Fortune Telling Silver - Queen of Precious Metals An amazing place of creation In the Pyrenees regions of Spain, Festa de l'ós or Festival of the Bear is held on Candelmas, February 2. Men of the town dress up as bears and mock attack the people of the town, especially the women, whose breasts they try to blacken with soot. In Andorra, in another valley of the Pyrenees, dedicates certain festivals to the she-bear. These include the Ball de l'ossa (she-bear's dance) and Última ossa (the last she-bear). Cult of the Bull: Divine Sacrifice Neolithic Skull Cults & Ritual Skulls Famous Women Inventors - Anna Connelly Little Bear Looks Around His Forest In Korean creation myth, Bear Woman gave birth to the founder of the first Korean kingdom. In Korea the Bear represents motherhood and patience. Haida, Blackfoot and other indigenous North American mythologies tell stories of Bear Woman. She might be a spirit who protects nature. She might be a shape-shifter with a Bear's skin; or she might be a human woman with a Bear lover. The intelligence of Bears, their massive size and strength, and their custom of hibernation, their appearance like silent shadows in the woods, going into the ground to re-emerge in spring, helps create the mythology of the Bear. Female bears tend to hibernate more than males as they give birth. Kashka - Mountain Raiders of Anatolia Honey Bees (Apidae): Nature & Myth Before the Vikings - Early Northern Cultures Bears learn to fish from their mothers. This is crucial to pack on winter weight. People have to respect the great Bear. They can't out-run it. They can't play dead. They can't climb a tree, because even the bulkiest brown bear has surprising strength and speed and can also climb trees. And if they hurt the Bear, it would never forget. As time goes on, people develop better weapons. Respect and beliefs are last generation's mythology. Like many Gods the Bear topples from the pedestal, and people put it in chains and make it dance. At least until the 20th century, bears are used as ritual sacrifice to embody the spiritual power of the Creation or Fertility God. The sacrifice is eaten at a ritual banquet, so people can consume the flesh of the god and thereby grow stronger. Sacrifice of the Male: Temple at Uppsala Women of the Wild Hunt: Holle, Diana, Frigg Stone Age Botai - First Horse People Bear - Protection, Strength, Fertility, Wisdom The mystic and spiritual qualities of the Bear flow throughout the ages. Bears seem to vanish into nothing, like spirits. Bear creates its vast environment as it pleases. It can be a destructive energy, an element of chaos ripping apart stumps to get the ant eggs. As totem or animal spirit guide the Bear embodies ferocity, passion, depth of emotion, inner strength, victory, dominance, mystery, fertility, intelligence, power and wisdom. Bear spirituality comes from a deep and primal place. German Myth - Father Rhine River God Easter Bunny, Prussian Blue & Penguins Caspian Tiger: Bronze Age Wild Predators Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top