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Jabir ibn Hayyan is a medieval Islamic figure. Alchemy, magic, philosophy and religion come together in a vast corpus of writings. As his name isn't mentioned in references until after 900 AD, scholars disagree about his authorship, or whether he exists at all. READ: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Zodiac Alchemy - Metals & Planets Alchemy of Islam: Medieval Golden Age Islamic Alchemy: Abu Bakr al-Razi Sylvia Rose Books Abū Mūsā Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (d. c. 806-816) is credited with numerous works in Arabic, collectively known as the Jabirian corpus. The approximately 215 surviving treatises predominantly focus on alchemy and chemistry, magic, and Shi'ite religious philosophy. He's associated with locations Kurfa (Iraq) and Tus (Iran). The works are extensive and varied. Jabir covers a wide array of subjects ranging from cosmology, astronomy, astrology, medicine, pharmacology, zoology and botany, to metaphysics, logic and grammar. Anima Mundi: Soul of the World Golden Ages of Alchemy: Renaissance Al-Mi'raj: Unicorn Hare of Arab Myth Sylvia Rose Books By the 10th century, authorship and precise body of Jabir's works are already themes of contention among Islamic scholars. Creation of all these works by one person, and even the existence of Jabir, are questioned. READ: World of Alchemy: A Little History Jabir ibn Hayyan is commonly viewed as a pseudonym for an unidentified group of Shi'ite alchemists writing in the late 9th and early 10th centuries. Several Arabic Jabirian texts are translated under the Latinized name Geber. Sun Goddesses of World Mythology Zagros Mountains - the Way to Kur Shennong Primordial Farmer & Healer Sylvia Rose Books The writings feature earliest systematic classification of chemical substances and oldest instructions for producing an inorganic compound (sal ammoniac or ammonium chloride) from organic materials (such as plants, blood, and hair) through chemical processes. His works also present one of the earliest known iterations of the sulfur-mercury theory of metals, a mineralogical concept that held sway until the 18th century. The sulfur-mercury theory asserts all metals, or all things, are made in varying parts of these elements. Mercury: Miracle Metal of Madness Sulfur - Treasures of the Underworld Salt: Exalted Mineral of Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books For Renaissance alchemists sulfur and mercury are the two of the ingredients of the tria prima , the third being salt. The concept of tria prima or three primes is introduced to the West in the 16th century by renegade physician and alchemist Paracelsus. An important role is played by organic alchemy. In The Seventy Books Jabir explains the qualities of the four Classical Greek elements as per Aristotle. Fire is hot and dry, water cold and moist, and so on. These properties are also later used by Renaissance alchemists. Ancient Grains: Wheat, Barley, Millet, Rice Zosimos: First Golden Age of Alchemy Tria Prima of Paracelsus: Three Primes Sylvia Rose Books A large part of Jabir's writings explores a philosophical concept known as "science of the balance." This concept seeks to explain all phenomena, including material substances and their components, through a system of measurements and quantitative proportions. The Jabirian texts also include some of the earliest preserved Shi'ite imamological doctrines. Jabir is said to have received these doctrines from his alleged mentor, the Shi'ite Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq (d. 765 AD). Spiritual Alchemy: the Tria Prima Pagan Solstice Fests: Mithras & the Sun Giant Cinnamon Birds of Arabia Sylvia Rose Books Among surviving Jabirian treatises, a number of independent works deal with "the science of talismans", a type of theurgy, or persuasion of divine powers to aid the practitioner. The theory explores mystic and symbolic properties imbued in objects, symbols or inscriptions. By harnessing these talismans, one can tap into supernatural forces for protection, guidance, or other desires. A related practice, "the science of specific properties" looks deeper into organic healing, wisdom and nature magic. Allegory of the Cave: Vision and Truth Psychology: the Conscious Ego (Self) The Pauli Effect - Quarks or Quacks? Sylvia Rose Books The "science of specific properties" explores hidden powers of mineral, vegetable and animal substances, and their practical applications in medicine and other disciplines. These treatises illuminate the intricate and esoteric knowledge Jabir ibn Hayyan seems to possess. Jabirian alchemy seeks to uncover hidden powers and essences within minerals, plants and animals. Knowledge is both theoretical and practical, applied in various fields such as medicine, alchemy, and even in the crafting of magic elixirs. Spiritual Alchemy: Touching the Divine Collective Unconscious: Seeking the Whole Asclepius: Greek Medicine Snake God Sylvia Rose Books Much of Jabir's work appears in Europe under the Latinized name. In 13th-century Europe, an anonymous author produces alchemical and metallurgical writings under the alias pseudo-Geber . Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: A Little History World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Fiction Books: READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Spiritual Alchemy uses the concepts of alchemy combined with analytical psychology to improve well-being, find one's inner Philosopher's Stone , transform base elements into spiritual gold and live a better life. With that in mind, enjoy a short history of alchemy. Spiritual Alchemy: Process & Philosophy Archetypes - Personality & the Persona Women of Alchemy - Mary the Jewess Sylvia Rose Books Evolution of Alchemy Around 8000 BCE, Neolithic humans use one of the first intentional alchemy processes when they ferment honey to make honey mead . Alchemy often involves breaking down one substance to create another, as in the Nigredo  or putrefaction stage of color phase therapy . In the nigredo stage the practitioner embarks on a process of elemental decomposition. Keeping in mind the desired transmutation, one confronts the inner darkness and identifies unhealthy feelings or behavior patterns causing detachment. Honey Mead: Most Ancient Ambrosia Archetypes: Psychology of the Shadow Colors of Alchemy: Black Nigredo Putrefaction Sylvia Rose Books Alchemy is a vital field of study   for over two thousand years, practiced in Egypt, Greece, China, Islamic countries, Africa, India and Rome .  By the final years BCE Alexandria  grows into a center of alchemy, philosophy and radical thought, prevailing until c. 640 AD. Philosophies interact, integrate and reform. Alexandria welcomes thinkers of different faiths. Gnostics incorporate Hebrew and Christian dogma into parallel philosophies. Hermeticism evolves into several branches from Christianity to paganism. Harmony and persecution fluctuate. Hermes Trismegistus: Alchemy & the Occult Zosimos: First Golden Age of Alchemy Common Archetypes & Spiritual Ascension Sylvia Rose Books The three major aims  of alchemy are find or create an Elixir of Immortality or longevity make a panacea to heal all sickness transmute base metals such as lead to noble metals such as gold (chrysopoeia) Processes of alchemy  originate in nature. One can find them by looking around. As a practice, alchemy evolves from metallurgy as a way to color metals. Alchemy can be used to create an appearance of increasing gold; or to dye quartz to look like precious gems. Golden Ages of Alchemy: Renaissance Colors of Alchemy: White Albedo Purification Ouroboros Glyph: Snake Eating its Tail Sylvia Rose Books It's also based in ancient medicine, manipulating or processing natural ingredients for health benefits. Mercury for instance is used through history to treat conditions from blemishes to syphilis, and commonly used in historical Elixirs of Life. Chemical symbols derive from Latin or Greek, with the periodic table first appearing in 1869. The chemical symbol for mercury (Hg) comes from hydrargyrum  from the Greek word hydrargyros meaning 'water' and 'silver'. Prima Materia: First Matter of Alchemy Mercury: Miracle Metal of Madness Sulfur - Treasures of the Underworld Sylvia Rose Books Based on philosophy of Socrates  (470 - 399 BCE), definitions of natural elements are treated individually at first. Earth and Water are often combined as one. In the 5th century, philosopher Empedocles presents the elements as a set, as below - clockwise from top: Fire Air Earth Water Sylvia Rose Books Today these elements are widely known and accepted, intrinsic to culture, medicine and spirituality. A ether (ether), the pervasive and divine element, is first mentioned by Plato, a student of Socrates, in c. 360 BCE. The concept is adopted by Plato's student Aristotle (384 - 322 BCE) establishing aether as the fifth element or quintessence. The unseen material beyond the terrestrial sphere, aether is the air breathed by the Gods, a deific connection to the spiritual whole. Aether: Born of Darkness, God of Light What is the Philosopher's Stone? Alchemy: Four Elements + The One Sylvia Rose Books The early Greeks  use the elements mercury and sulfur in medicines. They mull over the prima materia or Prime Matter making up all things. Some believe it to be mercury. Various opinions arise. During the Islamic Golden Age  c. 800 AD, Islamic alchemists develop the mercury/sulfur model, adopted in the Renaissance by Paracelsus in his tria prima . The toxic effects of mercury, or mercury poisoning , are known since c. 50 BCE, but often overlooked. Alchemy of Islam: Medieval Golden Age Mad Hatter's Disease: Mercury Madness Victorian Trends: Sailor Suits to Taxidermy Sylvia Rose Books Smelting, refining  and other metal work, distillation, deconstruction and transmutation commonly appear in the alchemic practice. The European Renaissance is fertile ground for advances in alchemy by pioneers such as Paracelsus, Isaac Newton and others. The term chrysopoeia appears in literature of the Alexandrians and arises from ancient Greek χρυσοποιία   ( khrusopoiía ) 'gold-making'. It refers to artificial production of gold by transmutation of base metals such as lead. Argyropoeia is creation of silver in this way. Chrysopoeia - Turning Lead into Gold Cleopatra the Alchemist of Alexandria Mad Hatter's Disease: Mercury Madness Sylvia Rose Books Base and noble metals are first defined in the 13th century. Pope John Paul XXII bans falsification of metals in 1317 AD. In early Imperial China, creation of fake gold gets the death penalty. In 1404 AD, Henry IV of England makes it illegal to turn anything into gold. Forty years later his successor King Henry VI, in need of war funds, issues special licenses to alchemists. The law against chrysopoeia itself is not repealed until 1688-9, toward the end of the Renaissance golden age. Ancient Greek Cultures: People of Minos Mythic Fire Gods: Hephaestus of the Greek Myth & Metallurgy - Metals of Antiquity Sylvia Rose Books The Renaissance brings mind-boggling developments in alchemy. It's seen as a branch of natural philosophy, although alchemists are occasionally tried for sorcery. Often an alchemist has powerful patrons or even religious protection, as in Naples . Among the most famous figures of alchemy during the Renaissance are Paracelsus , Caterina Sforza and John Dee. Alchemist Dippel of Castle Frankenstein is not to be forgotten. Caterina Sforza: Renaissance Alchemy Alchemist Dippel: the Frankenstein Files Elderberry Tree: Germanic Nature Lore Sylvia Rose Books   Alchemy has roots in ancient medicine. From the beginning, pursuit of alchemy   is for the betterment of humankind. The use of alchemy in healing and transformation can reflect this quality. Alchemy recognizes the collective unconscious  as ever present in all living things. Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

John Dee (1527 - 1609), an influential figure in Elizabethan England, is a scholar in the cryptic and occult lore of his time. Recognized as an accomplished alchemist, Dee also pursues enlightenment through realms of sorcery, astrology and Hermetic philosophy. Renaissance Alchemy: Tria Prima Meanings Anima Mundi: Soul of the World Alchemy, Demons & the Roman Inquisition Sylvia Rose Books His interest in esoteric arts positions him as a central and controversial figure in the spiritual and intellectual circles of the Elizabethan world. He influences colonization and advises Queen Elizabeth as an astrologer. In his studies of astrology, he seeks to decode celestial influence on human affairs. Dee's engagement with Hermetic philosophy reflects his belief in the interconnection of all things and the pursuit of divine wisdom through the study of ancient texts and mystical teachings. What is the Philosopher's Stone? Roger Bacon: Medieval Science & Alchemy Alchemy & Astrology: Cosmic Connections Sylvia Rose Books With boundless curiosity and unwavering determination, Dee sets out on a quest that would test the limits of his intellect and spirituality. His unwavering belief in the existence of a higher realm, inhabited by celestial beings known as angels, fuel his pursuit of understanding. He's convinced the key to unraveling mysteries of the universe is in understanding the cryptic language spoken by angels. Dee's fascination with the supernatural and his dedication to the study of esoteric knowledge prompts him to explore numerous spiritual practices. Naples Renaissance: Holy Alchemy Lammašaga: Sumerian Angel Goddess Hermeticism & Alchemy in Alexandria Sylvia Rose Books These include scrying and communication with angels through the means of a scryer, most notably Edward Kelley. Scrying is a practice rooted in divination and fortune-telling. The practitioner gazes into a medium such as a crystal ball for guidance, prophecy and revelation. Besides the professed ability to see spirits or angels in a "shew-stone" or mirror, which John Dee so valued, Kelley also says he knows the secret of transmuting base metals into gold, a goal of alchemy. Through their meetings, Dee hopes to understand the divine cosmic order. Rosicrucianism in the Renaissance Panacea: Goddess of Universal Health Complexes: Psychology of the Psyche Sylvia Rose Books Inspired by the Renaissance philosophies of Catholic scholar Marsilio Ficino (1433-1499), Dee sees an integration of mathematics and esoteric practices. The pursuit of Hermetic magic, angelic communication, and divination are connected parts of a larger sphere. Seeking enlightenment, Dee explores the enigmatic realms of angelic communication. By deciphering the language of these otherworldly beings, he wants to tap into a wellspring of universal knowledge safeguarded from human comprehension for millennia. Natural Health: Paracelsus & Hermetic Principles Alkahest: Panacea & Solvent Alchemy Zodiac, Astrology & Jungian Psychology Sylvia Rose Books As a devout Christian, in his quest for esoteric wisdom Dee experiences deep reverence for the divine, and a genuine desire to uncover the secrets beyond the the mundane world. He works to bridge the gap between earthly and celestial realms. Driven by an increasing sense of doom, Dee feels a responsibility to humanity to avert the catastrophic fate he sees looming on the horizon. His mission is a quest to bring about a state of harmony and enlightenment, and save mankind from its own self-destructive tendencies. Alchemy: Processes Used by Alchemists Hair Loss: 9 Natural Cures of Physician Dioscorides Spiritual Alchemy: Alchemical History Sylvia Rose Books Dee's exploration represents a quest for deeper understanding of the natural world and the unseen influential forces. It's not without sacrifices, as Dee devotes countless hours to research, often at the expense of his own well-being and personal relationships. In 1587, advisor and confidante Edward Kelley convinces Dee the angels want them to share wives. Nine months later a son, Theodore, is born to Dee's wife. Despite the probability the boy is fathered by Kelley, Dee raises him as his own. Natural Magic of the Renaissance Alchemy and the Art of Gold-Making Allegory of the Cave: Vision and Truth Sylvia Rose Books Most of his writings, Dee completes in English, rather than Latin, to make them accessible to the public. The spread of vernacular writings increases literacy of both men and women during and after the Renaissance. Dee amasses one of the most extensive libraries in England, housing a vast collection of texts on various subjects ranging from science to mysticism. His scholarly reputation not only attracts the attention of fellow academics but also earns him a place at court. Pope vs Alchemy 1317 AD: Falsification Women Scientists of the Ancient World Depth Psychology: Search for Meaning Sylvia Rose Books As conflicts escalate, he's absent for six years. Upon his return, he discovers his residence vandalized, his library destroyed, many books and instruments taken. Rising disapproval of the occult in England creates a hostile reception to magical and natural philosophy pursuits. He hopes for assistance from Elizabeth. She believe he can convince Kelley to return and alleviate England's financial problems through alchemy. His reputation slides and he dies in poverty. Leucosis, the Pallor: Spiritual Alchemy Collective Unconscious: Seeking the Whole Zodiac Alchemy - Metals & Planets Sylvia Rose Books About ten years after Dee's death, antiquarian Robert Cotton buys land around Dee's house and finds several manuscripts, mainly records of Dee's angelic communications. Cotton's son gives these to scholar Méric Casaubon, who publishes them in 1659. The works, A True & Faithful Relation of What passed for many Yeers between Dr. John Dee (A Mathematician of Great Fame in Q. Eliz. and King James their Reignes) and some spirits , are a critical introduction by Casaubon, ridiculing Dee's beliefs. Alchemy Colors: Color Phase Therapy Caterina Sforza: Renaissance Alchemy Democritus - Atomic Theory 400 BCE Sylvia Rose Books As the first public revelation of Dee's spiritual conferences, the book is popular. Casaubon, who believes in the reality of spirits, states in his introduction Dee is the unwitting tool of evil spirits when he thinks he's communicating with angels. About the time the True and Faithful Relation  is published, "members" of the Rosicrucian movement claim Dee as one of their number. An organized Rosicrucian movement doesn't exist in Dee's lifetime, and there is no evidence he belongs to a secret fraternity of any kind. Rosicrucianism in the Renaissance Chrysopoeia - Turning Lead into Gold Robert Fludd & Renaissance Medicine The True and Faithful Revelation is mainly responsible for the image, prevalent for the next two-and-a-half centuries, of Dee as a fool and deluded fanatic. John Dee's legacy as a polymath and mystic continues to fascinate scholars today. Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

The tria prima are mercury , sulfur and salt . Based on medieval views of mercury and sulfur making up all metals, Swiss physician and alchemist Paracelsus (1493 - 1541 AD) creates the concept of three chiefly for medicine. It's also used in psychology and mental health therapy. Salt: Exalted Mineral of Alchemy Sulfur - Treasures of the Underworld Mercury: Miracle Metal of Madness Sylvia Rose Books Mercury Mercury, or quicksilver, is described as the ubiquitous spirit of life by Paracelsus. Being the only metal in a liquid state at room temperature, mercury is associated with fluidity and adaptability. Mercury also evaporates at room temperature, releasing toxins into the air. Its flowing nature allows it to transcend conventional boundaries between liquid and solid states. The flow of mercury symbolizes a higher understanding that rises above the dichotomies of life and death, healing and lethal, physical and spiritual. Colors of Alchemy: Citrinitas Solar Yellow Cleopatra the Physician of Greece Ancient Egypt Remedies: Ebers Papyrus Sylvia Rose Books In Renaissance alchemy, mercury is the spirit Mercurius, an essential creator of or transmutation into the divine hermaphrodite . Mercurius is a shining moon light in the Self. The element Mercury is also associated with the White Queen as sulfur is the to Red King. Mercury is found in the graves of ancient Chinese rulers, and beneath the pyramids of Mesoamerica. It flows like water in the gardens or tombs of deified monarchs. First Emperor Qin  reportedly creates a lake of mercury, with copies of three islands of the Immortals. Seven Metals of Antiquity - Metallurgy   Alchemy: Rebis Divine Hermaphrodite Alchemy: Red King & White Queen Sylvia Rose Books Sulfur Sulfur extends its physical presence. It symbolizes a strong connection between different planes of existence. Sulfur's significance lies in its transformative qualities, characterized by its ability to expand, evaporate, and dissolve. A bridge between contrasting states of being, it facilitates transitions and metamorphoses in the natural world. Drawing from teachings of Paracelsus, sulfur is not only the essence of solidification but stability, the ethereal and ephemeral in a tangible and enduring form. Anqi Sheng & the Elixir of Immortality Pentagram: Drudenfuß, Five Point Star Winter Tales - 4 Novellas Sylvia Rose Books Sulfur's alchemical properties  fascinate scholars and practitioners alike, referring to the processes of purification and refinement. Its dual nature as both a volatile and stable element mirrors complexities of life itself, where change and permanence coexist. Through its symbolic significance and practical applications, sulfur exemplifies the intricate relationships between material and the spiritual realms. The spiritual power of sulfur offers insights into the mysteries of existence. Emerald Tablet - Sacred Alchemy Text Elixir of Life: Alchemy & the Emperor Collective Unconscious: Seeking the One Sylvia Rose Books Salt In the realm of alchemy, salt holds a significant position as one of the fundamental elements in Paracelsus' tria prima . This essential substance is [believed to be] created through the intricate combination of sulfur and mercury, the two other key components. Lake Van: Fate of a Primeval Salt Lake Alum: Tanning, Dye & Beauty Salts Neolithic Salt & Brine Works Europe Sylvia Rose Books Within the context of the tria prima , salt embodies a multitude of meanings and attributes. It's often associated with the contractive force, symbolizing the process of condensation and crystallization essential for transformation and transmutation in alchemy. Salt, in its alchemical representation, signifies not only physical properties but also metaphysical qualities. It's a stabilizing force, providing a sense of structure and cohesion in the ever-changing landscape of mind, method and process. Cleopatra the Alchemist of Alexandria   Asclepius: Greek Medicine Snake God Hermes Trismegistus: Alchemy & the Occult Sylvia Rose Books Just as salt acts as a preservative in the physical world, it is believed to play a similar role in the spiritual and philosophical realms of alchemy. Moreover, salt is often linked to the notion of purification and refinement. In the alchemical journey towards enlightenment and spiritual growth, salt is seen as a symbol of the purification process . This is a process individuals must undergo to achieve a higher state of being. Colors of Alchemy: White Albedo Purification Hypatia: Scholar & Martyr Alexandria Aether: Born of Darkness, God of Light Sylvia Rose Books Through the metaphor of salt, the spiritual alchemist seeks to refine the inner self, shedding impurities and attaining a state of spiritual clarity and balance. Salt grounds the ethereal qualities of sulfur and mercury into a tangible form. The triad of Sulfur/Mercury/Salt corresponds to Spirit/Mind/Body; Fire, Air, Earth/Water; Superego/Ego/Id. Interactive and mutable, the  tria prima  reflects a holistic understanding of existence encompassing material and metaphysical realms. Colors of Alchemy: White Albedo Purification Alchemy: Four Elements + The One Women of Alchemy - Mary the Jewess Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

The tria prima  or Three Primes are the three main elements of ancient philosophers, medieval physicians and ubiquitous alchemists. They're portrayed as salt, sulfur, and mercury, and apply physically and symbolically to health, psychology and world view. Tria Prima of Paracelsus: Three Primes Women Scientists of the Ancient World Sulfur - Treasures of the Underworld Sylvia Rose Books Salt represents that which is fixed and stable. Sulfur symbolizes the flammable or volatile and mercury is neither fixed nor flammable. Paracelsus ( 1493 - 1541 AD) introduces the tria prima based on Islamic alchemy, based on Greek thought. Nature holds the key to healing. A holistic approach opens the way for future developments in medical science and influences alternative medicine today. Before the tria prima , the concept of the four elements and interaction of mercury (female) and sulfur (male) prevails. Solnitsata - Neolithic Salt Trade Town Mercury: Miracle Metal of Madness Prima Materia: Elements of Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books Paracelsianism, a pioneering medical movement inspired by his groundbreaking theories and therapies, emerges after his death. Alternative to conventional medicine, methods are rooted in Galen (129 - 216 AD) who promotes theory and typology of human temperaments. The concept of tria prima   is fundamental to the practice of Renaissance alchemy, helping unlock the mysteries of this ancient discipline. At this time alchemy is focused more on medicine, spirituality, wisdom and eternal life than on chrysopoeia . Chrysopoeia - Turning Lead into Gold What is the Philosopher's Stone? Gold - Precious Metal of the Sun Sylvia Rose Books Chrysopoeia or turning base metals to gold is illegal in medieval England with the 1404 edict by Henry IV called the Act Against Multiplying . It's also unlawful to take existing gold or silver and cause it to magically increase. The act is finally repealed in 1689. The Three Primes or tria prima Mercury (Quicksilver) is fusible and elusive, representing substances able to evaporate without undergoing combustion. Sulfur  (Sulphur) is associated with soul and combustibility, embodying the flammable nature of certain substances. Salt  represents solidity and stability, symbolizing what remains fixed under the intense heat of alchemical processes. Creation, Cattle & the Cosmic Cow Zosimos: First Golden Age of Alchemy Khaos: Primal Goddess of Greek Myth Sylvia Rose Books Alchemy sees these elements not only as physical substances but also as spiritual and philosophical principles. Salt, sulfur, and mercury correspond to the body, soul, and spirit respectively, forming a trinity to unite the material and the immaterial realms. The tria prima  exist in all matter, influencing properties and behavior of elements and the human consciousness. Understanding and manipulating these elements lets Renaissance alchemists unlock secrets of nature, attain enlightenment and understand cosmic mysteries. Alchemist Dippel: the Frankenstein Files Classic Elements & Concept of the One Golden Ages of Alchemy: Renaissance Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

In spiritual alchemy the tria prima is a trio or triad of elements mercury (Hg), sulfur (S) and salt (NaCl). Each element has metaphysical, logical, spiritual and esoteric components. The tria prima is a learning tool with which a practitioner can uncover hidden aspects of the Self. READ: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Mercury: Miracle Metal of Madness Sulfur - Treasures of the Underworld Salt: Exalted Mineral of Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books Azoth is a powerful universal substance valued in the field of alchemy. Pursuit of Azoth is represented by the caduceus symbol of Mercury. The term Azoth later becomes a poetic form of element mercury. Azoth is traced to Arabic al-za'buq meaning the mercury . According to Renaissance physician alchemist Paracelsus, the three primes or tria prima are: Mercury or spirit (spiritus), female, properties of fusion and volatility: ☿ Sulfur or soul (anima), male, combustible properties: 🜍 Salt or body, neutral, stable, non-combustible and non-volatile: 🜔 Alchemy: Science, Philosophy, Magic Spagyria: Botanical Science of Alchemy What is the Philosopher's Stone? Sylvia Rose Books The contemporary concept of the tria prima  begins with Islamic alchemists after the 642 AD conquest of Egypt, and is based on Greek thought. The tria prima arises from the concept of mercury and sulfur in Islamic philosophy. READ: World of Alchemy: A Little History The mercury sulfur duality asserts all metals are made of varying ratios of mercury and sulfur. Thus to transmute or change the properties of a metal (lead) to another (gold) is a matter of removing or adding sulfur or mercury through various processes. Gold - Precious Metal of the Sun Wine God Liber: Liberty & Liberal Libation Silver - Queen of Precious Metals Sylvia Rose Books Mercury (quicksilver) Mercury or quicksilver is associated with feminine archetypes, such as intuition, creativity and the moon or lunar aspects. The crescent moon denotes fertility and the symbol for silver. Due to apparent magical qualities, it's a common fatal ingredient in Elixirs of Life. The spirit of mercury is Mercurius. Every living thing has a small shining Mercurius inside. Mercury represents the ubiquitous spirit of life. Able to transcend liquid and solid states, mercury relates to transcendence of mortal limitations and perspectives. Allegory of the Cave: Vision and Truth Psychology: the Conscious Ego (Self) Animal Archetype: Mysteries of the Unconscious Sylvia Rose Books This elemental stage is intuitive, non-active, inward seeking and productive. The practitioner identifies the unwanted elements or qualities in life and faces these honestly. Emotions run deep as one purges and purifies. Feelings of emptiness are normal and soon resolved. Sulfur (brimstone) Sulfur is equated with masculine archetypal qualities such as activity, logic, the sun or solar aspects. The cross-cultural circle with dot is symbolic of both gold and the Sun. In psychology it's associated with the personality. Psychology: the Personal Unconscious Drude: Germanic Demon of Darkness Archetypes: Psychology of the Shadow Sylvia Rose Books The circle represents a sphere. At center is the ego or consciousness. The space around the ego signify the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious. This shape is often found in nature. Sulfur is the third most abundant element in the human body. In alchemy it's considered the "fluid" connecting the High and the Low. Sulfur or its symbols denote the expansive force, evaporation, and dissolution. It's used in natural health to treat skin conditions. Above, the common symbol for sulfur. If a person is hexed by the evil eye, sulfur can undo the curse. While mercury is the "intuition" of the tria prima, able to identify and shed the unwanted elements of life, sulfur is the bringer of light, the active principle. Now is the time to fill the self with joyful occasions, new connections, appreciation and awareness of the natural world. Sulfur helps invoke the creative spirit and reveal the brilliant light within. Mercury and sulfur work together to create a greater sense of the Whole. Quintessence: Elemental Life Force Aether: Born of Darkness, God of Light Numinous: Beholding the Divine Sylvia Rose Books Salt (body) Salt is a foundational element both for the human body and the tria prima . The average adult human contains about 200 g or 40 tsp of salt. It's necessary for physical functioning and communication systems in the body. But what's the role of salt in the spiritual tria prima? Mercury and sulfur both have powers of creation. As base matter, salt represents contractive force, condensation, crystallization. Salt is a stabilizing factor for the eccentricities of sulfur and mercury. The alchemical symbol for salt is a circle with a horizontal line in the middle. Positive and Negative In alchemy, negatives and positives are principles, neither bad nor good. In this context masculine  and feminine  are archetypes, or perfect models of certain qualities. However it's easy to see them as two-dimensional stereotypes, which degrades their meaning. Spiritual Alchemy: Touching the Divine Collective Unconscious: Seeking the Whole Asclepius: Greek Medicine Snake God Sylvia Rose Books People possess both "masculine" and "feminine" sets of qualities regardless of gender, as well as the neutral grounding element. In the left/right brain analogy mercury corresponds to left brain qualities (creative) and sulfur to those of the right-hand side of the brain (logical). Mercurius is both the Latin name of the god Mercury (Greek Hermes) and the spirit of light, Mercurius, the moon light, divine essence of a person. Mercurius is a guide, just as the god takes the role of psychopomp, escorting the soul of the deceased to the afterlife. Hermes Trismegistus: Alchemy & the Occult Synchronicity: Psychology of Coincidence Common Archetypes & Spiritual Ascension Sylvia Rose Books In some cultures the moon is a creator predating the sun. For example in Mesopotamian mythos Sun God Shamash (Utu) is the son of Moon God Sin  (Nanna) and Ningal, a mother goddess. Use of the tria prima concept can help dissolve unwanted energies, balance and align the Self by infusing the good. Toxins are not only physical but also symbolic representations of forces affecting mind and spirit. Color phase therapy is also helpful to purge the bad and let the good triumph. Sin (Suen, Nanna): Moon God of Mesopotamia Shamash (Utu) Sun God of Mesopotamia Alchemy Colors: Color Phase Therapy Sylvia Rose Books Unconscious toxic elements can manifest in processes of self-examination such as depth psychology , dreams or deep meditative states. Along with these transformative experiences, creative outlets such as writing or drawing can be revealing. Expressing thoughts, emotions, and visions through art or writing, an individual can tap into personal power and gain a deeper understanding of the Self and world(s). Creative expression is part of the process of Active Imagination . Active Imagination: Creative Therapy Depth Psychology: Search for Meaning Alchemy: Red King & White Queen Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: A Little History World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Fiction Books: READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

In alchemy, triads, threes, triangles, trinities and trios have strong spiritual significance, often associated with mystical number nine. These number patterns appear in nature magic and as worldwide symbols, reflecting connections within the alchemical realm. READ: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Spiritual Alchemy: the Tria Prima Alchemy Colors: Color Phase Therapy Pure Form, Archetypes & Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books The concept of the elements mercury and sulfur in alchemy is created by medieval Islamic alchemists, building on the Greco-Roman-Egyptian thought of Alexandria. Based on the qualities of mercury and sulfur, Islamic practitioners consider the possibility of transmutation. The Renaissance tria prima mercury, sulfur and salt is introduced to Western alchemy by renegade Swiss physician alchemist Paracelsus (1493 - 1541 AD). Respectively they correspond to spirit ( spiritus ), soul ( anima ) and body ( corpus ). Zosimos: First Golden Age of Alchemy Women Scientists of the Ancient World World of Alchemy: A Little History Sylvia Rose Books Alchemists use the process of Solve Et Coagula  with the three primes, dissolving and coagulating substances to purify them. This method involves breaking down materials to allow for their recombination such as crystallization, seen as a purification technique. READ: World of Alchemy: A Little History It's similar to nigredo in the quest for the Magnum Opus, but the alchemist recombines deconstructed ingredients to create a pure Whole. In spiritual alchemy it's akin to digging deeper into the depths of dissolution on a search for hidden truth. Colors of Alchemy: Black Nigredo Putrefaction Alchemy: Science, Philosophy, Magic Prima Materia: Elements of Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books The practitioner is free to experiment. The concept of the tria prima triad represents a delicate balance of elemental forces. Each traditional element - sulfur, mercury or salt - embodies distinct properties. Infuse the spirit with the qualities desired, and cast away the rest. Examine the needs of spirit, body and soul. Although the element mercury is originally attributed qualities of the spirit, in alchemy phosphorus is also used after its discovery in the 17th century. Salt: Exalted Mineral of Alchemy Mercury: Miracle Metal of Madness Sulfur - Treasures of the Underworld Sylvia Rose Books In alchemical philosophy , the triad of deific force embodies the idea of a harmonious interplay among these three elements. Understanding the differences and unity of these elements on a spiritual level promotes alignment with the Whole. With salt as a base, element sulfur corresponds to the Red King, while mercury is the White Queen. They perform a hieros gamos , sacred marriage, a spiritual interaction of sulfur and mercury, fire and water. As two elements merge, a third is born: the divine hermaphrodite. Anima Animus Archetypes & Sexuality Sacred Marriage: Hieros Gamos in Alchemy Alchemy: Red King & White Queen Sylvia Rose Books Creation of the Divine Hermaphrodite " ... Join the male and the female, and you will find what is sought." Mary the Jewess (Maria Prophetissa) In alchemy the sacred marriage or heiros gamos  produces the divine hermaphrodite, the Rebis, shown below in an egg of creation. The Rebis represents the culmination of the alchemical opus, realization of the Great Work. Due to the importance of unifying male/female elements, from early years alchemists see hermaphrodites as magical or highly gifted people. Women of Alchemy - Mary the Jewess Spiritual Alchemy: Key Elements to Growth Alchemist Dippel: the Frankenstein Files Sylvia Rose Books In spiritual alchemy the  union of opposites  leads to the emergence of higher states of being and consciousness. This process goes back to the early years of alchemy and philosophy. The Power of Three In alchemy, elements of the prima tria are symbolic representations of spiritual and philosophical principles. The tria prima is often associated with the idea of balance and harmony, as each element is necessary for the creation and transformation of substances. Spiritual Magic - Numbers Three & Nine Animal Archetype: Mysteries of the Unconscious Archetypes - Personality & the Persona Sylvia Rose Books Groups of three, such as trios, triangles, triads, and trinities, hold deep spiritual significance and strong connection to the tria prima. The number three is considered sacred in many cultures and religions, symbolizing unity of mind (spirit), body, and spirit (soul). Trios can represent past, present, and future, birth, life, and death, and other groupings, reflecting the cyclical nature of existence. Triads of spirals in Neolithic art are forerunners of the three-legged triskelion. Collective Unconscious: Seeking the Whole World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Colors of Alchemy: White Albedo Purification Sylvia Rose Books  Triads, or groups of three individuals or entities, are often associated with collaboration, creativity, and synergy, as each member brings a unique perspective and contribution to the group dynamic. In Eastern religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism, the idea of a tripartite nature of existence is deeply ingrained. In Hindu philosophy the concept of Trimurti represents the three aspects of the divine: creation (Brahma), preservation (Vishnu), destruction (Shiva). Numinous: Beholding the Divine Psychology: Understanding Archetypes Unus Mundus One World: Psychology Sylvia Rose Books The "tria prima" trinity in alchemy symbolizes the three fundamental elements governing the universe and all existence, emphasizing the importance of balance and unity in life. Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: A Little History World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Fiction Books: READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Lucifer is Latin for bringer of light, or the morning star , symbolic of the return of light each day. In Greco-Roman myth Aurora, Goddess of Dawn, is the mother of Lucifer. Personifying the divinity of the Morning Star, Lucifer carries a torch to illuminate the land. He is herald of the sunrise and hope of new days. READ: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Active Imagination: Creative Therapy Women Scientists of the Ancient World Collective Unconscious: Seeking the Whole Sylvia Rose Books Names such as Lucien, Lucy and Lucas come from the same root luz or light. Lucifer appears in pre-Christian mythology as a male figure, the star of dawn and deific torch bearer. As time goes by, Lucifer falls victim to the "fallen angel", anti-God or "descending God" myths prevalent in historic cycles of ancient societies. READ: World of Alchemy: A Little History Herald of light, the morning star or planet Venus is known to ancient astronomers and seafarers, who devise ways to chart its course. In some cultures the morning Venus and evening Venus ( Hesperus) are shown as different stars, creating a divine dyad. Lucifer is associated only with the morning star. Natural Health: Paracelsus & Hermetic Principles Alkahest: Panacea & Solvent Alchemy Spagyria: Botanical Science of Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books Equivalents appear in Prometheus and the Greek Hephaestus, god of fire. Hephaestus is based on a previous Attic Greek god. Zeus casts him down from Mount Olympus for interfering with Zeus's pursuit of pleasure, or for being lame. Hephaestus is sometimes equated with Vulkan, who lives in a volcanic domain beneath the earth near Sicily. With the spread of Christianity (c. 47 CE) Lucifer is only one in the parade of deific castaways. Throwing a demonized god or demi-god down from heaven is a common theme in mythology, symbolizing conquest by the new world order. Colors of Alchemy: Black Nigredo Putrefaction Democritus - Atomic Theory 400 BCE Zodiac Alchemy - Metals & Planets Sylvia Rose Books The most famous equivalent of the Lucifer myth is that of Prometheus, who brings fire to the mortals. Other examples include the descent of Attar to the Underworld, when he tries to usurp the throne of Ba'al in Canaanite mythology. Similarly, the Babylonian myth of Etana uses the fallen angel motif. "The brilliancy of the morning star, which eclipses all other stars, but is not seen during the night, may easily have given rise to a myth such as was told of Ethana and Zu: he was led by his pride to strive for the highest seat among the star-gods on the northern mountain of the gods [...] but was hurled down by the supreme ruler of the Babylonian Olympus." The descending god also appears in god cycles of mythology from Proto-Indo-European times. In later Hurrian myth he's Kumarbi, a creator deity who bites off the testicles of chief God Anu. Kumarbi then gives birth to Teshub , the Sky and Storm God, through his head, much as Zeus gives birth to Athena. Myth & Metallurgy - Metals of Antiquity Immortal - Quest for the Elixir of Life Curonian Freshwater Baltic Sea Lagoon Sylvia Rose Books Anu ascends to the skies, and Kumarbi to the Underworld. According to an omen the children of Kumarbi will overthrow him. He tries to bring about the deaths of his children, including Teshub, due to their potential betrayal. The Hurrian Underworld is also home to the Old Gods, who were banished by Teshub so the younger Gods could take their places. They're ruled by underworld goddess Allani . Winter Tales - 4 Novellas Herbology & Lore: Poison Hemlock Alchemist Dippel: the Frankenstein Files Sylvia Rose Books In some native American myths, the trickster/creator god Raven steals the Sun and Moon from the gods and hangs them in the sky. He brings fire to mortals. Originally white, his feathers are blackened by the soot of the torch during his flight. When this happens, Raven loses his supernatural powers. The morning star, planet Venus, brings illumination to humans and represents enlightenment. The Gods would prefer to leave humans in darkness and ignorance, for they fear losing power. Chrysopoeia - Turning Lead into Gold Alchemy and the Art of Gold-Making Orpiment - Painter's Golden Poison Sylvia Rose Books As the tales above show, those who help mortals get reprisal, usually a transfer to a lower status. Prometheus has the worst of it as his liver is eaten each day by an eagle, and regrows at night. Although Lucifer does not specifically bring fire to humans as does trickster/god Prometheus, as the morning star he brings light, hope and promise. The name of planet Venus translates through various languages through the centuries as love, charm, sexuality, and finally, from the Old Indic vánas or desire. Alchemy: Processes Used by Alchemists Hypatia: Scholar & Martyr Alexandria Khaos: Primal Goddess of Greek Myth Sylvia Rose Books In Greco-Roman myth, Aphrodite / Venus emerges as an adult woman from sea foam produced by the severed genitals of Caelus / Uranus . Castration of the God is not unusual in mythic themes, often followed by creation of life - ie Teshub, Venus are both created from severed genitalia. The symbol of Venus is ♀ also the sign for woman. Lucifer is related to 'sins of the flesh', temptation and carnal desire. Eventually his depiction becomes synonymous with evil, his domain a flaming torture chamber of screaming souls. He's associated with witches, fire, supernatural forces and harmful magic. Ancient Greek Cultures: People of Minos Hippomancy: Sacred Horse Divination Gold - Precious Metal of the Sun Sylvia Rose Books At times one God can have two faces representing the contrasting elements such as light and dark, male / female, creator / destroyer or any number of different aspects. Such entities can eventually split or combine with other gods, with some reigning above, and some below, a set of rules and traits applied to each. With Hesperus, Lucifer represents duality in the morning and evening versions of planet Venus. The "star' is a herald of coming day, and also the coming night, life and death, following cycles of nature and creation. Ereshkigal Goddess of Underworld & Night Primeval Deities: Goddess of the Dawn Cult of the Bull - Prehistoric Aurochs The name Lucy , given to a Christian saint of c. 800 CE, derives from luz or light. The figure of St. Lucy is imposed over a pagan entity, Germany's Lutzelfrau , a herald of the sun said to have a dark and light side. Her feast day is December 13. Read Plight of the Lutzelfrau - A Lora Ley Novella Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

During the late sixteenth century, the Roman Inquisition is influential in shaping perspectives on different forms of divination and magic. While it has clear directives on prosecuting activities such as divination, its position on alchemy stands as distinctly uncertain. READ: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Hermeticism & Alchemy in Alexandria Archetypes: Psychology of the Shadow Leucosis, the Pallor: Spiritual Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books Alchemy, despite its mystical connotations, doesn't attract much attention from inquisitors during the Renaissance. The sparse mention of alchemy in official records and low number of trials suggest a certain level of tolerance or indifference towards alchemists. One reason alchemists escape persecution is their general classification as natural philosophers. Also, in Italy many have powerful patrons such as the Medici family, who support alchemy. From 15th to 17th century, the Medici put four Popes on the papal throne. Medici & Alchemy: Italian Renaissance Writing Inside Eggs Italian Renaissance Theriac: Miracle Snake Venom Potion Sylvia Rose Books Looking deeper into the historical context, Nicholas Eymerich, a prominent fourteenth-century inquisitor, outlines the scrutiny of alchemists in his influential work, the Directorium inquisitorum . READ: World of Alchemy: A Little History The Directorium Inquisitorum includes definitions of various types of heresies, discussion of questions of jurisdiction, and proper trial procedure. The book is used as a manual for inquisitors, and gives practical advice on how to conduct inquiries. Naples Renaissance: Holy Alchemy Panacea: Goddess of Universal Health Natural Health: Paracelsus & Hermetic Principles Sylvia Rose Books It describes various means an accused heretic might use to dissemble, such as gibberish or the pretense of insanity. Witchcraft, which was a marginal issue for early inquisitors, assumes more importance in the later years. On the subject of magic, it discusses various types and techniques of divination and draws a distinction between practices deemed heretical and non-heretical. He quotes Pope Innocent V who says in order to get help from a demon, a person must enter into a pact with the demon. Alkahest: Panacea & Solvent Alchemy Roger Bacon: Medieval Science & Alchemy Drude: Germanic Demon of Darkness Sylvia Rose Books Eymerich then extrapolates to state any agreement with a demon is heresy. He's among the first to condemn all forms of demonic conjuration as heresy. Until then it's common belief even a saint might make a demonic pact. as exemplified by the story of Saint Theophilus. Besides describing magical practices, Eymerich explains methods of extracting a confession, from primitive psychological manipulation to outright torture. Regarding torture, Eymerich says, "Quaestiones sunt fallaces et inefficaces" or, "Torture is deceptive and ineffectual." Four Humors & Medical Stagnation Democritus - Atomic Theory 400 BCE Zodiac Alchemy - Metals & Planets Sylvia Rose Books However, he's the first inquisitor to get around the Church's prohibition against torturing a victim twice. He interprets the directive very liberally, permitting a separate instance of torture for a separate charge of heresy. The views of Eymerich are reinforced by Francisco Peña in the 1570s, with a sustained interest in regulating alchemical practices. Motivations behind the sporadic prosecution of alchemists range from dutiful investigation of sorcery, and fear of offending the family. Caterina Sforza: Renaissance Alchemy Alchemy: Processes Used by Alchemists Rosicrucianism in the Renaissance Sylvia Rose Books It's hard to define alchemy. On the one hand, alchemists work with nature for the benefit of humankind. On the other, they conduct strange experiments with dead things, and some produce deceptive metals in the name of truth. Where do they fit into the grander scheme? A closer examination of the Dominican Order's involvement sheds light on the complexities surrounding alchemy. Drawing from Aquinas's teachings, the Order develops contrasting viewpoints on alchemy. Psychology: the Conscious Ego of Self Alchemy Colors: Color Phase Therapy Natural Health: Paracelsus & Hermetic Principles Sylvia Rose Books One perspective, in alignment with Aquinas's philosophy, sees alchemy as a harmless natural art and no threat to Christian doctrines. Another interpretation, also of Aquinas, identifies circumstances where alchemists could be deemed heretical and subject to investigation. While alchemical experiments produce noxious odors, demonic appearances are not noted. As alchemists work odd hours it's hard to catch them in the act, even if one suspects their insidious intentions go further than boiling urine. Michael Maier: Rosicrucians, Art & Alchemy Islamic Alchemy: Abu Bakr al-Razi Phosphorus: Element of Fatal Fascination The fluctuating approach of the Roman Inquisition towards alchemy, oscillating between the leniency advocated by Aquinas and the scrutiny endorsed by Eymerich, shows an unusual ambivalence in beliefs and attitudes surrounding this mystical practice in the sixteenth century. Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Writing inside eggs is invented by Naples polymath Giambattista della Porta. In the 16th century he uses this method to smuggle messages to friends in prison during the Roman Inquisition. His love of cryptograms is inspired by the amazing processes of nature. World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Theriac: Miracle Snake Venom Potion Naples Renaissance: Holy Alchemy Medici & Alchemy: Italian Renaissance Sylvia Rose Books Ingenious inventor Giambattista della Porta comes up with his brilliant method in a time of political and religious turmoil. The Italian or Roman Inquisition is established 1542 by Pope Paul III. It's a branch of the Catholic Inquisition, the others being Spanish and Portuguese. His friends are imprisoned by the Inquisition. Della Porta finds a way to bypass the scrutiny at the prison gate with a seemingly inconspicuous item - an egg. Everything else is inspected at the gate. Prisoners rely on food brought by outsiders, so eggs are normal fare. Roger Bacon: Medieval Science & Alchemy Psychology: the Personal Unconscious Archetypes - Personality & the Persona Sylvia Rose Books With a concoction of plant pigments and alum , Della Porta inscribes messages onto the delicate surface of eggshells. The porous shell allows the ink to seep through, creating an invisible communication medium. After the ink dries, Della Porta boils the egg. World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Through this process, the external layer of ink is effortlessly washed away, leaving behind no trace of the covert message. The true brilliance of this invention is revealed when the egg gets to the recipient in prison. Alum: Tanning, Dye & Beauty Salts Yliaster: Quest for the Magnum Opus Pseudo-Geber: Medieval Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books When the shell is peeled off, the hidden message shows up, now imprinted on the white of the egg. His method is a lifeline for his imprisoned friends and a testament to the ingenuity of the human mind when confronted with a challenge. In 1589, Della Porta becomes the first person to attack in print, on experimental grounds, the ancient belief garlic can overpower magnets. This is an early example of the authority of authors replaced by practical experimentation as backing for a scientific assertion. Leucosis, the Pallor: Spiritual Alchemy Mercury: Miracle Metal of Madness Four Humors & Medical Stagnation Sylvia Rose Books Della Porta's conclusion is confirmed experimentally by several other illustriati in the world of science. Amazing. Magnets and garlic both exist in nature for thousands of years; but somehow, a magnet, garlic and a logical mind are not found in one place until 1589. By 1580, della Porta establishes a scientific society, the Academia Secretorum Naturae (Accademia dei Segreti). The members refer to themselves as otiosi or men of leisure. It's one of the earliest scientific groups in Europe, meeting at the home of della Porta in Naples. Natural Magic of the Renaissance Robert Fludd & Renaissance Medicine Alchemy & Astrology: Cosmic Connections Sylvia Rose Books Its primary objective is to investigate mysteries of nature. The mandate requires potential members to present a new discovery in the natural sciences before consideration for membership in the group. Following suspicions of involvement with the occult, the Academia Secretorum Naturae comes under the Inquisition's scrutiny. Della Porta is summoned to Rome by Pope Gregory XIII, emerging unharmed from the encounter, but the society has to break apart. Hypatia: Scholar & Martyr Alexandria Myrrh - Mystique, Death & Divinity Women of Alchemy - Mary the Jewess Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: A Little History World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Fiction Books: READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Making a proper theriac takes months. The recipe calls for plants collected in season, and the distillation or fermentation of herbs, animal flesh and other ingredients. It's left to mature for years. Since the 1st century AD, theriac is an expensive potion available only to the rich. Yliaster: Quest for the Magnum Opus Pseudo-Geber: Medieval Alchemy Medici & Alchemy: Italian Renaissance Sylvia Rose Books The roots of theriac can be connected to the ancient Egyptian kyphi recipe, used for both ritual and medicinal purposes. This miracle potion or alexipharmic is antidote for a variety of poisons and diseases, similar to a panacea. Theriac or theriaca gets its name from Greeks of the first century AD. The tonic is widely adopted in the ancient world. It travels as far as Persia, China and India on trade routes such as the Silk Roads. Alkahest: Alchemy Panacea & Solvent Naples Renaissance: Holy Alchemy Panacea: Goddess of Universal Health Sylvia Rose Books Early ingredients are known to include: honey flesh of wild animals, esp. reptiles dried scorpion mashed viper leaven (ie yeast) According to physician Galen (130 - 210 AD), theriac reaches greatest potency six years after making, and preserves its benefits for 40 years. Galen is the one whose Four Humors theory leads to the popularity of bleeding with leeches up until the mid-1800s. Four Humors & Medical Stagnation Colors of Alchemy: Black Nigredo Putrefaction Democritus - Atomic Theory 400 BCE Sylvia Rose Books Due to length of time to make it, it's recommended to prepare large quantities. In 1712, 150 kg of theriac is made at one time in the Netherlands. By the Renaissance, theriac production is an official ceremony, especially in Italy. Pharmacists sell it up to end of the 19th century. Legend traces the history of theriac back to King Mithridates VI of Pontus, south of the Black Sea. He experiments with poisons and antidotes on his prisoners. Through toxicology research, he claims to find a remedy for every venomous creature and toxic substance. Serket - Scorpion Goddess of Egypt Scorpion Men of Babylonia Sobekneferu - Queen of the Pharaohs Sylvia Rose Books He then combines all the effective antidotes to create a concoction mithridatium or mithridate, which includes opium myrrh saffron ginger cinnamon castor (oil, a natural laxative; or castoreum , secretions from scent glands of beavers) cannabis / hemp poisonous plants such as henbane and wolfsbane ... and more. Saffron - Most Precious Ancient Spice Myrrh - Mystique, Death & Divinity Opium Poppy (Papaver somnifum) Sylvia Rose Books His medical records falls into Roman hands, and Romans start using them. Andromachus, the physician of Emperor Nero, enhances mithridatum by increasing the number of ingredients from forty to sixty-five. Mithridate or mithridatum is also an antidote for poisoning. Its mystical history, complex recipe and suggested properties makes it one of the desirable drugs of the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Especially in Italy and France mithridate is in continual use for centuries. Panacea: Goddess of Universal Health Alkahest: Alchemy Panacea & Solvent Yliaster: Quest for the Magnum Opus Sylvia Rose Books Roasted aged viper's flesh is a primary ingredient. Use of viper is due to the belief snakes have antitoxins within their bodies to protect from self-poisoning. In Chinese medicine, snake wine is an alcoholic drink made infusing venomous snakes in rice wine or grain alcohol. Snake wine is first recorded in China during the Western Zhou dynasty (c. 1040 - 770 BCE). In traditional Chinese medicine it's believed to reinvigorate a person. In countries scorpions or sea horses may also be used. Sea horses are mildly venomous, not enough to hurt a human. Spagyria: Botanical Science of Alchemy Collective Unconscious: Seeking the Whole Alchemy: Science, Philosophy, Magic Sylvia Rose Books Roman Empress Agrippina takes a poisoning antidote in anticipation of her son Nero trying to poison her. She's right. He makes three attempts, but she either finds out about it, or the antidote works, as Nero has to go to extreme lengths to finally get rid of his mother. Greek physician Galen devotes a whole book Theriaké to theriac. One of his patients, Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius, takes the antitoxin on a regular basis. Marcus Aurelius dies suddenly at the age of 59 of suspected poisoning. Agrippina & Son: Poisonous Plots of Rome Lisin - Medicine Goddess of Ancients Dromedary Camel: Animals of Ancient Arabia Sylvia Rose Books The Black Death popularizes theriac, especially due to its use of venomous snakes and contemporary religious views. Some feel the plague is sent by God as a punishment for sin, and the plague originates in pestilential serpents who poison the rivers. During the Black Death, Gentile da Foligno recommends theriac aged for a year and applied as salve. In 1669, French apothecary Moyse Charas destroys the Venetian monopoly on theriac by publishing the Italian formula. Zodiac Alchemy - Metals & Planets Agathodaemon: Snake God Alexandria Pagan Solstice Fests: Saturnalia As the theriac often contains opium or similar substances, it gives a sublime feeling or boost of energy, common in Elixirs of Life. With some health properties a theriac can have beneficial effects against pain, coughing and other complaints. Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: A Little History World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Fiction Books: READ: Cult of the Fire God - Bronze Age Quest Adventure READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Gibil, also called Girra in Akkadian , is the Mesopotamian Fire God. He's associated with both the positive, nurturing, benevolent aspect of fire as well as destruction, stifling heat and the raging flames of war. READ: Cult of the Fire God  - Bronze Age Adventure New 2024 See also: Ninazu: Healing, Death, Snakes & War Carnelian - Gems of the Ancient World Hurrian Primordial Gods & Creatures Sylvia Rose Books  on Smashwords   Lora Ley Fantasy Fiction Series   Reiker For Hire Murder Mysteries   Sylvia Rose Art  on Zazzle   Gibil is also deity of ritual purification. He's named or considered present when the ritual is performed. Purification rituals often involve fire, sacred oils and incense. His symbol is said to be the torch, though it doesn't appear in art. READ: Cult of the Fire God  - Bronze Age Adventure New 2024 His family history is rocky. The Great God List, a compilation of all the deities, wives, consorts, sukkal , servants, entourage and extended family associated with the deity, names his spouse as the goddess Nigirigal. See also: Giant Cinnamon Birds of Arabia Dumuzi & Geshtinanna: Reasons for Seasons Nigella Sativa: Black Seed of Healers Today's Zazzle Specials   Smashwords Books She's connected to the region of Kullaba , Uruk. Her husband is Nunbaranna, considered an epithet of Gibil. The name of the Goddess Nigirigal translates as "Lady of the Irigal", a temple built to her in Kullaba. Ninirigal receives offerings in Nippur in the Ur III period 2193 - 2004 BCE. In a text of medical goddesses Nigirigal is named together with Gula , great medicine goddess worshipped throughout the lands. They create a triad with goddess Bau, a healing goddess and divine midwife associated with waterfowl and scorpions. See also: Gula - Medicine Goddess of Mesopotamia Gallu (Galla) Demons of Ancient Kur Joyful Arrival of Hapi in Egypt Today's Zazzle Specials   Smashwords Books Baus is also a possible wife of Ninurta in Babylon. In other sources Bau is regarded as the wife of Zababa , war god and tutelary deity of Kish. As a god of fire, Gibil is patron of metallurgists and metal workers. Representing the creative elements of fire he's a deity of furnaces and kilns. He can also be bad-tempered and malevolent. See also: Dumuzi & Geshtinanna: Reasons for Seasons Asag - Horrific Disease Demon of Kur Mythic Fire Gods: Hephaestus of the Greek Sylvia Rose Books  on Smashwords   Lora Ley Fantasy Fiction Series   Reiker For Hire Murder Mysteries   Sylvia Rose Art  on Zazzle   He's named in namburbi , a ritual text. Namburbi gives advice for defusing bad omens before the negativity takes hold. If houses are set on fire by a lightning strike it's a sign of Gibil's wrath. He can also burn fields and destroy a harvest, or start barn fires. See also: Demons - Evil Udug of Mesopotamia Mythic Fire Gods - Vulkan of Germania Sukkals - Mythic Viziers to the Gods Today's Zazzle Specials   Smashwords Books However, he's invoked to ward off malevolent magic and misfortune foretold by nightmares and visions. In this role he functions as a protector god with strong powers against enemy agents. READ: Cult of the Fire God  - Bronze Age Adventure New 2024 Gibil also used to be a star. In Mesopotamian times many a deity or creature is associated with a certain star in the sky. Among the ancient people of Mesopotamia are advanced astrologers and astronomers. An early calendar is based on the position of Sirius, the Dog Star. See also: Pagan Pantheon - Anu, Oldest of the Gods Mušḫuššu - Snake Dragon Animal of Marduk Ebla - Shining Jewel of the Bronze Age Today's Zazzle Specials   Smashwords Books The location of Gibil's star is now lost, due to later mythologists associating Gibil with planet Mars. Gibil's sukkal is Nablum, or 'flame'. Nablum may be considered as elemental flame or fire created by the activites of Gibil. As a god he creates and watches over fire and light, besides is duties as deific vizier. See also: Queen Eleanor & the Calamitous Crusade German Myth & Folklore: Elves Flooding of the Nile - Nature & Myth Today's Zazzle Specials   Smashwords Books Gibil is closely associated with the god Nuska, the sukkal  of Enlil . They appear together in Old Babylonian Sippur. Nuska relates to fire and light. His symbols are staff, lamp and rooster. He can be invoked as protection against the evil demon goddess Lamashtu  or the galla  demons . See also: Flooding of the Nile - Nature & Myth Silver - Queen of Precious Metals Hesperus (Vesper) the Evening Star Sylvia Rose Books  on Smashwords   Lora Ley Fantasy Fiction Series   Reiker For Hire Murder Mysteries   Sylvia Rose Art  on Zazzle   Despite active worship, evidence of Gibil and his story is patchy. He appears rarely in literature. His major cult centers are Shuruppak, Eridu and Nippur, the latter especially during the Kassite period (1531 - 1155 BCE). In some contexts, Gibil is often a dyad with Kusu , a purification deity associated with censers . In turn they may be grouped into a triad with Ningirima . Another deity of ritual purification , Ningirima is a goddess of incantations, water, snakes and fish. See also: Kushuh (Kušuḫ) Hurrian Moon God Bird Woman Elwetritsch: German Folklore Seduction of Hedammu, Father of Snakes Today's Zazzle Specials   Smashwords Books In his godly sphere Gibil is linked to the sun god Shamash, an ancient entity earlier known as Utu. Another of his circle is Kusu, goddess of purification and grain. It's thought Gibil is a purification deity before he becomes a fire god. See also: Jade - Jadeite, Nephrite & Jade Roads Ancient Arabia - Stone Age to Bronze Kohl: Eye Beauty Magic of Ancients Back to Top