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Ancient Alexandria, jewel of Egypt, is renowned as a city of philosophy, medicine and alchemy. A crucial turning point happens 297 AD. With widespread revolt against Roman tax reforms, the pretender Domitius Domitianus rises to challenge Emperor Diocletian. Alchemy: Dyeing Stones to Look Like Gems Herbal Remedies in Medieval Alchemy Alchemy and the Art of Gold-Making Sylvia Rose Books The catalyst for rebellion is considered to be a contentious tax decree. Much of Egypt supports Domitianus' opposition to the ruling authority of Rome. Since the Roman conquest c. 30 BCE Alexandria has persevered as a cosmopolitan center of knowledge, a melting pot of cultures. Alexandria is the world's largest city up to 270 AD (a title taken by Rome), and the destination of truth seekers since the early years BCE. This vibrant atmosphere continues to attract great minds and liberal thinkers. Baltic Amber - Gold of the North 4 Infused Wines of Ancient Medicine Alchemy: Science, Philosophy, Magic Sylvia Rose Books Domitius Domitianus's self-proclamation as Augustus  in summer of 297 leads to a massive power struggle which brings down the wrath of Rome and the Emperor Diocletian himself to the forefront of battle at the siege of Alexandria. Diocletian needs to restore order and re-assert his authority especially after the reactive Crisis of the 3rd Century (235 - 284 AD). His attempts to harmonize the Egyptian tax system with Imperial regulations continue to incur the hostility of Rome's conquered nations. Four Humors & Medical Stagnation Renaissance Apocalypse: End is Nigh Theriac: Miracle Snake Venom Potion Sylvia Rose Books Rise of the Pretender Lucius Domitius Domitianus is a mystery of ancient history. His background and family lineage are obscure. Some suggest he's the prefect of Egypt before his proclamation as Emperor. In the summer of 297 AD Domitianus proclaims himself Emperor, with Alexandrian support. Whatever his origin, Domitianus the pretender meets a sudden demise scant months later in December 297. By this time, the Roman Empire has subdued most of the Egyptian rebellions and secured the countryside. Knights Templar Crusades & Medieval France Queen Eleanor & the Calamitous Crusade Religious Wars Catholics & Protestants France Sylvia Rose Books Pretender II After the death of Domitianus, Aurelius Achilleus, the appointed corrector responsible for safeguarding Alexandria, steps into the void left by Domitianus. He asserts his own right to the throne and continues to challenge Rome. It's a fatal mistake. The situation escalates. The power struggle persists until March 298.   Despite fierce resistance by Achilleus, Diocletian reestablishes authority over the city. After a siege of eight months the city falls and Achilleus is captured. He's executed the same year. Malaria: Roman Fever & Renaissance Plague Medieval Alchemy: Jean de Roquetaillade Naples Renaissance: Holy Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books Repercussions In the aftermath of these events, Diocletian erects Pompey's Pillar in Alexandria late 298, symbolizing his triumph. While there, Diocletian oversees the finalization of administrative tasks, including a comprehensive census. As a punitive measure against the rebellion, Alexandria is stripped of its autonomy to mint coins independently. Diocletian's reforms bring about a transformation in Egyptian administrative practices, aligning them more closely with Roman standards. Zosimos: First Golden Age of Alchemy Elixir Vitae: Giambattista della Porta Women of Alchemy: Anna Maria Zieglerin There's no reliable evidence to support the suggestion that Diocletian orders alchemy books burned in Alexandria. Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Although alchemy is often associated with gold-making, another essential skill of the alchemist is to color or dye stones like quartz (rock crystal) to look like precious jewels and gemstones such as carnelian and emerald. A few recipes have trickled down through time. READ: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Herbal Remedies in Medieval Alchemy Baltic Amber - Gold of the North Alchemy and the Art of Gold-Making Sylvia Rose Books Pliny the Elder (c. 23 - 79 AD) records the existence of a long and established literary tradition dealing with the counterfeiting of gems and precious stones: "Nay, even more than this, there are books in existence, the authors of which I forbear to name, which give instructions how to stain crystal in such a way as to imitate smaragdus (emerald) and other transparent stones, how to make sardonyx of sarda (banded onyx), and other gems in a similar manner. Indeed, there is no other kind of fraud practiced by which larger profits are made." Tellurium: Bright Gold & Dark Matter Alchemy: Metallurgy, Myths & Magic Gold - Precious Metal of the Sun Sylvia Rose Books These dyed rock recipes come from the Stockholm & Leyden Papyri c. 300 AD. Although Pliny perishes in the Vesuvius eruption over 200 years before the papyrus is compiled, methods therein are known long before. By 600 BCE similar techniques are used to color glass. READ: World of Alchemy: A Little History Importance is placed on the application of alum , vinegar, and other substances to corrode or prime the surfaces of different crystals and stones before dyeing them the desired color. Best use of the various mordants can be found with experience and experimentation. Alum: Tanning, Dye & Beauty Salts Vinegar Cures of Physician Dioscorides Alexandria: Jewel of Ancient History Sylvia Rose Books The term mordant comes from the Latin mordere , "to bite". In the past, it was thought that a mordant helped the dye "bite" onto the fabric or substance so it holds fast during washing. The best rocks for taking dye include quartz, selenite and topaz. Corroding of Stones Method 1 "A corrosive for any stone. Equal amounts of alum and natron are boiled in an equal amount of water. The small stones are then etched. Previously warm them slightly near the fire and dip them in the corrosive. Do this for a while once to three times while the corrosive boils; dip and leave again three times but no more, so that the small stones do not break." Natron - Ancient Embalming & Household Salts Magic Metals, Gold, Smiths & Alchemists Christine de Pizan: Medieval Writings Sylvia Rose Books Coloring a stone involves the introduction of colored dyes into porous or fractured gems to alter their color. These fractures are intentionally created by heating the gem to enable better absorption of the dye by an otherwise non-porous material. Corroding of Stones Method 2 "Let urine and alum putrefy and remain together with the stones for 30 days. Then take the stones out and stick them in soft figs or dates. These stones should also be worked on the coals. Therefore, blow with the bellows until the figs or the dates burn and become charcoal. Urine in Medieval Alchemy & Medicine Wine God Liber: Liberty & Liberal Libation Vitriol in Alchemy: Caustic Compounds Sylvia Rose Books "Then seize the stone, not with the hand but with the tongs, and put it directly into the dye bath while still warm, and let it cool there. Make as many stones as you wish of, however, not more than 2 drachmas (each in weight). The dye bath should, however, be like paste." How to Tell if a Rock is Dyed When a stone is dyed, the color will appear more vibrant in certain areas where the dye tends to gather easily, such as cracks and textured surfaces, compared to smoother areas. Since the dye cannot uniformly penetrate the entire stone, there may be instances where scratches or chips expose a different color underneath the surface. Jet Black - Ancient World Gemstones Alchemy Symbols: Tail of the Peacock Quintessence: Elemental Life Force Sylvia Rose Books Preservation of Crystal "So that it neither splits nor breaks. Take and mix the whole of a goose's egg with talc. Make it of pasty thickness and smear the crystal with it. Then put it in linen, bind this around it and leave 3 days in the dew and the sunshine. Untie after the three days and work the stone." Preparation of Carnelian (Cornelian) "Dissolve alkanet in oil. After that, put in the blood of a pigeon, and fine Sinopian earth and a little vinegar in order that the blood does not coagulate. Place selenite in it, close the vessel and place it amidst the dew for ten days. If you wish to make the stone very brilliant, arrange it so as to wrap it in horse hair, tie this on, and put it in the dye bath." Sinope: Poison, Honey, Greeks & Clay Egyptian Alchemy - Power of Eternity Ornithomancy - Prophecy by the Birds Sylvia Rose Books Sinopian earth is a mineral clay sold through the Greek port of Sinope on the Black Sea. The clay does not come from Sinope but from an region farther south in today's Turkey. Because it's marketed from Sinope and sellers keep their secrets well, it's called Sinopian earth. Selenite is a type of clear gypsum, below. Due to its softness as a stone, it's more porous, and vulnerable to abrasions or scratches. This property lets dyes sink through the surface of the stone, and adhere better overall. Panacea: Goddess of Universal Health Great Women of Renaissance Alchemy Alkanet: Ancient Dye Magic & Medicine Sylvia Rose Books The softness of selenite makes it an ideal material for shaping into cabochons, which are smooth, rounded gemstones without facets. Selenite's gentle nature allows practitioners and artisans to carve and polish it into beautiful stones to showcase its natural translucence. The cabochon style gem-shaping technique has been practiced for centuries, with historical records indicating that faceting gems, a more intricate and precise cutting method as below, did not become popular until the late 13th century. Edward Kelley: Alchemy & the Angels Medici & Alchemy: Italian Renaissance Pope vs Alchemy 1317 AD: Falsification Sylvia Rose Books Purification of a smoky crystal . "Put it in a willow basket, place the basket in the boiler of the bath and leave the crystal there seven days. Take it out when it is purified, and mix warm lime with vinegar. Stick the stone therein and let it be etched. Finally, color it as you wish." Preparation of Emerald "Take and put so-called topaz stone in liquid alum (sulfate salt) and leave it there 3 days. Then remove it from this and put it in a small copper vessel in which you have placed pure unadulterated verdigris along with sharp vinegar. Hattusa Green Stone - Mystic Secrets Verdigris: Volatile Blue Green Pigment Alchemy: How to Make Emerald from Quartz Sylvia Rose Books "Put the cover upon the vessel, close up the cover, and gently keep afire under the vessel with olive wood for 6 hours. The longer you maintain the fire, the better and deeper will the stone be – only, as I say, with a gentle fire. Cool and lift the stone out. Its condition will show whether it has become emerald. That is to say, you will observe that a green film has formed upon it. Let it become slowly cooled, however; if not, it soon breaks. Elixir Vitae: Giambattista della Porta George Ripley: Alchemist of Augustine Zodiac Alchemy - Metals & Planets Sylvia Rose Books "Put oil in a small box-tree ( Buxus , an evergreen shrub) vessel many days beforehand so the oil is purified and the product from it can be taken off. Put in the stone and leave it under cover 7 days. On taking out you will have an emerald which resembles the natural ones." The term "emerald" is first used in the 14th century. Before that it's called smaragdus, meaning "green gem" in Latin, now synonymous with emerald. Emeralds, sapphires, rubies and diamond are types of beryl. Lab-grown emeralds are on the market since 1964. What is the Philosophers' Stone? Nature Spirits of German Mythology Aether: Born of Darkness, God of Light Sylvia Rose Books  Preparation of Amethyst "Corrode the stones beforehand with three times as much alum as stone. Cook them in it until it boils thrice, and let them cool down. Take and soften krimnos with vinegar. Then take and boil the stones in it as long as you like." Krimnos refers to the parasitic kermes insect which feeds on sap of Mediterranean and other oaks. A scale insect, it's used in dyes and concoctions and is one of the richest sources of red from nature. When processed it produces crimson, red leaning to purple. Amethyst - Divine Purple Quartz Kermes Insect & Ancient Red Pigments Active Imagination: Creative Therapy During the Roman empire amethyst is an expensive stone, valued for its mythical properties of preventing inebriation in the wearer. It's a stone of Bacchus (Dionysus), god of wine. In the 18th century amethyst is discovered in Brazil. It's more common and less expensive today. Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Herbal remedies are ubiquitous in medieval alchemy, a practice combining elements of science, spirituality, and mysticism. Recipes are passed down through folklore and word of mouth. Renaissance physician Paracelsus introduces Spagyria or herbal alchemy to the West. READ: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Reishi or Lingzhi - Mushroom Magic Is Cherry Laurel Poisonous? Nigella Sativa: Black Seed of Healers Sylvia Rose Books Alchemists of the Middle Ages seek unique properties of a plant or substance for medications and enlightenment. Although alchemy is commonly associated with gold-making, it also has roots in ancient medicine, the combination and processing of ingredients. READ: World of Alchemy: A Little History Alchemists and herbologists work with herbs, flowers, seeds, leaves, stems and roots, using processes such as distillation, infusion, and fermentation in complex and plentiful experiments. Especially in the convents and monasteries of the Middle Ages, herbal remedies take form. Zosimos: First Golden Age of Alchemy Honey Mead: Most Ancient Ambrosia 4 Infused Wines of Ancient Medicine Sylvia Rose Books The terms convent and monastery are often interchangeable in medieval times. From late antiquity through the blossoming of the Renaissance, these houses of the holy welcome the practices of alchemists. Many are friars, seeking to make the world a better place. They include Roger Bacon , Jean de Roquetaillade and Albertus Magnus . Recipes are from the texts of Dioscorides in De materia medica, the book used for reference and guidance in the times of the medieval knights. These remedies spread throughout Europe. Albertus Magnus: Alchemy, Arsenic, Astrology Medieval Alchemy: Jean de Roquetaillade Roger Bacon: Medieval Science & Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books Aegiceras corniculatum — River Mangrove, Black Mangrove "The leaves of aigeiros applied with vinegar help gouty pains, and its resin is mixed with softening medicines. The seed (taken as a drink with vinegar) is good for epilepsy. "It is also reported that the oozing which trickles down from them near the river Padus grows hard and becomes amber, called chrysophorum by some. This yields a sweet smell when rubbed and looks like gold. Ground finely and taken as a drink it stops excessive discharges of the stomach and bowels." Christine de Pizan: Medieval Writings 4 Infused Wines of Ancient Medicine Spagyria: Botanical Science of Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books Herbal remedies are not only used for physical ailments but also for spiritual and metaphysical purposes. Alchemists believe certain plants held the key to unlocking the secrets of the universe and immortal life. Even in the early centuries alchemists experiment with narcotic, hallucinogenic or euphoric plant substances from such flora as cannabis, opium poppy , henbane , fly agaric and monk's hood . Ancient Egyptian priest-physicians are fond of blue lotus . Hair Loss: 9 Natural Cures of Physician Dioscorides Rasayana: Alchemy & Health of India Elixir of Life: Alchemy & the Emperor Sylvia Rose Books As early as 300 AD Zosimos of Panopolis describes medicinal infused wines: “…wines can be made in a multitude of ways, shown through many accounts authors have left to us, and nature, and art such things, that is, grown wines from the vineyard and medicinal, or by adding various spices like palm, cannabis seed etc …” “Certainly brewers of Egyptian beer [‘zythi’], which is more powerful [than our beers] are not lacking in the false and wicked arts, and might be better used for intoxication. This includes: borage, cannabis seeds and leaves, helenium, ivy leaves, strychnine, and darnel.” Egyptian Blue Lotus: Visionary Beauty Folk Magic: Fly Agaric (Amanita muscaria) 4 Infused Wines of Ancient Medicine Sylvia Rose Books Like their ancient ancestors, medieval alchemists brew up elaborate potions, elixirs, and tinctures using a combination of herbs, minerals, and other natural substances. Recipes are usually learned through a teacher or family member rather than in books. Muem athemantica  - Bear Root, Spignel "The roots (boiled with water or pounded smooth [or fine] without boiling and taken in a drink) lessen pains caused by obstructions around the bladder and kidneys. They are good for urinary difficulties, a gas-filled stomach, griping, diseases of the womb and pain in the joints. Wolfsbane (Aconitum) Ancient Poisons Plant Lore: Stinking Nightshade, Henbane Opium Poppy (Papaver somnifum) Sylvia Rose Books "Pounded into small pieces with honey and taken as syrup they help a rheumatic chest. Boiled for a hip bath they draw out the blood of the menstrual flow. "Applied as a plaster to the lower part of children’s bellies they induce the movement of urine. If more of a decoction than is suitable is taken as a drink it causes a headache." Lavender (Lavandula) Magic of Nature Rosemary: Immortal Essence & Balm of Kings Fairy Rings, Moon & Nature Magic Sylvia Rose Books The practice of herbal alchemy is deeply intertwined with the concept of the "Doctrine of Signatures," which posits plants resembling certain body parts can be used to heal ailments related to those parts. For example, the city of Alexandria, long known for its prestigious library and medical schools, is among the first to allow study of human anatomy. By 100 AD, the human brain is well documented. Thus are walnuts taken to treat headaches in ancient and medieval Europe. Medieval France: Peasants, Knights & Urbanites Ancient Grains: Wheat, Barley, Millet, Rice Milk & Dairy: Ancient Lactose Gene Sylvia Rose Books Kardamomun - Amomum cardamom: Cardamom The two types of cardamom are black and green. Green cardamom is one of the most expensive spices by weight, but little is needed to impart flavor. Cardamom compliments both sweet and savory flavors. "The best cardamomum is brought out of Comagene, Armenia and Bosporus. It grows too in India and Arabia. Choose that which is hard to break, full, tightly shut (for that which is not is out of date), and which also has an offensive smell, and is sharp to the taste and somewhat bitter. Phosphorus, Uroscopy & Power of Pee Smelting Metals: Metalwork & Alchemy Numinous: Beholding the Divine Sylvia Rose Books "A decoction (taken as a drink with water) is able to heat. It is good for those who have illness comitralis [lesions on the heart], coughs, sciatica, paralysis, hernias, convulsions and griping, and it expels rectal worms. "Taken as a drink with wine it is good for those who have defective kidneys and difficulty meiendi [urination]. It is also good for one who has been stricken by a scorpion and for all those hurt by the venom of other creatures. Serket - Scorpion Goddess of Egypt Scorpion Men of Babylonia Figs - Food of the Ancient World Sylvia Rose Books "A teaspoonful (taken as a drink with bark from the roots of bay) breaks stones [kidney, urinary]. Taken as inhalations of smoke or fumes it is an abortifacient, and daubed on with vinegar it takes away parasitic skin diseases. It is also mixed in thick ointments and other antidotes." Many alchemists of the medieval period are physicians, friars or courtiers, as they're literate in Latin. European medical, alchemical and other records are usually written in that language. Alchemists unable to read Latin, or at least some Greek, are at a substantial disadvantage. Alchemy of Islam: Medieval Golden Age How to Make Asem: Essential Alchemy Writing in Letters of Gold: Ancient Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books Herbal remedies in medieval alchemy treating physical symptoms and try to restore balance and harmony to body, mind, and spirit. Some alchemists view the natural world as a reflection of the divine order. Due to the influence of the Church, Religious Wars and Medieval Inquisitions, the European alchemist at this time is funneled into a certain world view. Blasphemy and heresy, such as not believing in a Christian God, is punishable by death. Religious Wars Catholics & Protestants France Alchemy, Demons & the Roman Inquisition Pope vs Alchemy 1317 AD: Falsification Sylvia Rose Books Phou, Phu - Valeriana officinalis - Valerian Phu grows in Pontus (south coast of the Black Sea), and has a stalk of a foot high or more — smooth, soft, inclining to a purple color, hollow in the middle and distinguished by knots. The lower parts are somewhat like those of narcissus but bigger, more tender and purple in a pale white. The root in its upper part is about the thickness of the little finger, and it has filaments growing within one another — a pale yellow, pleasantly-scented and resembling nardus in its smell, with a certain poisonous kind of heaviness. Guelphs & Ghibellines: Blood of the Renaissance Baltic Amber - Gold of the North Medieval Astrology of Islam Dried and given in drinks it's warming and encourages urine. A decoction does the same. It is good for painful rectum, encourages menstrual flow, and mixed with poison antidotes. Some sell it with roots of ruscus: these are hard, not easily broken and without any good smell. Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Action, celebration and madness ensue as half-Nyx Lora and Wolf find themselves in the year 1148, the early Middle Ages of Germania. Pursued by relentless villains they must recover a sacred golden vessel from a greedy Bishop. READ: Lora Ley Adventures - Feast of Fools Chicken Soup: Chickens in German Folklore Renaissance Apocalypse: End is Nigh Knights Templar Crusades & Medieval France Sylvia Rose Books The Bishop seeks to keep the prize  himself, as well as his two otherworldly captives, a cat dragon shape shifter and a hen who lays silver eggs . When the chaos begins it all goes horribly wrong. Lora and Wolf are caught in the cycle of madness. The dancing won't stop, while Crusaders  shout for converts from the steps of the church. It's January First, the Feast of Fools or in German, Narrenconvent or  Narrenfest. Chaoskampf: Order & Chaos Battle Out Medieval France: Peasants, Knights & Urbanites Christine de Pizan: Medieval Writings Sylvia Rose Books Initially the word fool  refers to a poor or humble person. The Feast of Fools is a riotous celebration with wild music, dancing, satire and debauchery. It's part of the eternal struggle between the forces of Order and those of Chaos. Queen Eleanor & the Calamitous Crusade Romanesque - Magic of Light and Stone Nature Spirits of German Mythology Sylvia Rose Books The peasants change places with the rich, and Church hierarchy is reversed. Masters become servants and absolute power comes to the hands of the masses. While the origin of the Feast of Fools is obscure, it's thought to come from the older pre-Christian Saturnalia festivals. In 12th century Europe the fool is King, the choirboy the Pope. Gender roles turn around as men dress as women, and vice versa. Wild Women and Winter Tales Brunhilde: Tragic Germanic Warrior Queen Lora Ley Fantasy Fiction Series Sylvia Rose Books Boundaries break and inhibitions flee. Satire, buffoonery and drunken brawling are orders of the day. The people can choose a faux King or Pope, who makes up ridiculous rules but must be obeyed. In England a similar chaotic occasion is the Lord of Misrule. In Scotland it's called Abbot of Unreason, and in France, Prince des Sots . Rise of Pan: Fertility Goat God Péh₂usōn Baba Yaga - Slavic Forest Nature Witch Mythical Pagan German Gods & Spirits Some regions attempt a more orderly ecclesiastic observance to tone it down. Abuse of power by those who usually have none is feared by the secular and religious elite. Feast of Fools festivities are completely banned in the 1400s. Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

The Knights Templar, or the Poor Knights of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon, are a religious military order formed in 1099 during the medieval Crusades to protect Christian pilgrims on the way to the Holy Land. They soon control the wealth of France. READ: Lora Ley Adventures - Feast of Fools Medieval France: Peasants, Knights & Urbanites Romanesque - Magic of Light & Stone Christine de Pizan: Medieval Writings Sylvia Rose Books The Crusades dominate European history for almost two hundred years, c.1095 - 1291 AD. Following the conquest of Jerusalem by the Franks during the First Crusade in 1099, many Christians embark on pilgrimages to sacred sites in the Holy Land. While Jerusalem itself is secure, the rest of Outremer is plagued by bandits and robbers who swarm to easy prey. They rob and kill Christian pilgrims making the journey from Jaffa to the interior of the Holy Land. often slaughtering believers en masse . Malaria: Roman Fever & Renaissance Plague Elixir Vitae: Giambattista della Porta Naples Renaissance: Holy Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books The Outremer describes the four feudal states in the Levant, created after the First Crusade c. 1100. They are the County of Edessa, the Principality of Antioch, the County of Tripoli, and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Members of the Knights Templar Order swear an oath of poverty, chastity and obedience. They're not allowed to drink, gamble or swear. Prayer is essential to daily life. The Templars express particular adoration for the mother of Jesus, the Virgin Mary. Alchemy: Metallurgy, Myths & Magic Yahweh: Warrior Origins, Name & Lore Ammurapi - The Last King of Ugarit Sylvia Rose Books There are many symbols linked to the Knights Templar, the most famous being the Red Cross. The Cross represents martyrdom and affiliation with the church. Another emblem of the Templars is two knights riding on a single horse. In 1139 Pope Innocent II issues a bull granting the Order special privileges. The Templars are permitted to build their own oratories, or buildings functioning as churches, and not required to pay the tithe. They're exempt from episcopal jurisdiction, subject to the Pope alone. Pope vs Alchemy 1317 AD: Falsification Women Scientists of the Ancient World Silver - Queen of Precious Metals Sylvia Rose Books Originally an Order of poor monks, the Knights Templar gain charitable status in Europe thanks to the bull from the Pope. The Order receives additional income from new members who, due to their vows of poverty, contribute significant wealth. The Knights Templar undergo a strong evolution in the 12th century. The Order expands its responsibilities, gradually assuming a broader military role. With the rise of conflicts and tensions in the region, Knights Templar are increasingly involved in campaigns and defense. Psychology: Archetype of the Self Islamic Alchemy: Abu Bakr al-Razi Alchemy and the Art of Gold-Making Sylvia Rose Books The military power of the Templars allows them to securely gather, store, and move bullion between Europe and the Holy Land. Their system of treasure repositories and well-organized transportation networks make them desirable as financial partners to monarchs and merchants. Bullion is gold and silver in physical form with high purity, typically in the shape of bars, ingots or coins. In some cases, bullion is regarded as legal tender and kept as reserves by central banks or institutional investors, like those of the Knights Templar. Democritus - Atomic Theory 400 BCE Religious Wars Catholics & Protestants France Gold - Precious Metal of the Sun Sylvia Rose Books Their martial prowess and strategic acumen gains renown, earning Templars a reputation as formidable warriors on the battlefield. This shift in focus from solely protecting pilgrims to actively engaging in military activities marks a significant turning point for the Order. Along with military duties, the Knights Templar take on responsibilities related to governance, finance and diplomacy. They establish a network of commanderies and fortifications across the Holy Land, effectively creating a quasi-feudal state. Sweet Wormwood: Malaria Miracle Cure Writing in Letters of Gold: Ancient Alchemy Vinegar Cures of Physician Dioscorides Sylvia Rose Books This expansion of their administrative and logistical capabilities allows the Templars to exert considerable influence in politics of the time. The 12th century saw the Knights Templar evolve from a humble order of warrior-monks to a major military and political force in the Holy Land. Despite their noble premise, the Knights Templar face controversy. As their wealth and power grow, they come under attack by rival orders such as the Teutonic Knights, founded c. 1190, and the Knights Hospitaller, also founded in the twelfth century. Medieval Alchemy: Jean de Roquetaillade Renaissance Apocalypse: End is Nigh Women of Alchemy: Anna Maria Zieglerin Sylvia Rose Books The downfall of the Knights Templar orchestrated by King Philip IV of France is a significant event in history due to a complex web of political, financial, and religious motivations. King Philip IV, also known as Philip the Fair, finds himself burdened by debts. Accusations of blasphemy and allegations of misconduct come up against the Knights Templar, tarnishing their reputation and leading to increased scrutiny by the Inquisition. By the fourteenth century, Knights Templar are being burned alive. Vermilion - Scarlet Pigment of Death Tanning Hides - the Ancient Process Guelphs & Ghibellines: Blood of the Renaissance Sylvia Rose Books Seeking ways to replenish his treasury, he set his sights on the wealthy and powerful Knights Templar. King Philip IV's actions against the Knights Templar are well planned. On October 13, 1307, countless French Templars are simultaneously arrested by agents of the King. Philip accuses the Order of heresy and corruption, using these allegations as a pretext to target the Templars and seize their assets. The King's campaign against the Templars includes arrests, interrogations, and trials marked by coercion and torture to extract confessions. Alchemy, Demons & the Roman Inquisition Theriac: Miracle Snake Venom Potion Tellurium: Bright Gold & Dark Matter Sylvia Rose Books Suppression and dissolution of the Knights Templar marks the end of the order. The fall of the Templars have far-reaching consequences, leading to the redistribution of their wealth and properties, as well as the dispersal of their members. Although the Knights Templar are affiliated with Freemasonry today, they don't relate to the original Catholic Order. Freemasonry arises as a fraternity at end of the 14th century, by which time the Templar have disbanded. Lapis Lazuli: Creating Ultramarine Cosimo de' Medici & the Italian Renaissance Mandalas: Psychology & Art Therapy Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

The 16th and 17th centuries mark a tumultuous period in European history, defined by a series of religious wars with cataclysmic effects across the continent. Conflicts are deeply rooted in the religious schism between Catholics and Protestants. READ: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Christine de Pizan: Medieval Writings Romanesque - Magic of Light & Stone Alchemy and the Art of Gold-Making Sylvia Rose Books The historical divide between Catholics and Protestants has long been a source of antagonism, with deep-rooted differences in beliefs and practices causing increasing tension, hostilities and grievances. These escalate into full-blown wars. The Protestant Reformation incites a significant shift in religious beliefs and practices. The movement, headed by influential figures like Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Huldrych Zwingli, challenge the entrenched authority of the Catholic Church. Medieval Alchemy: Jean de Roquetaillade George Ripley: Alchemist of Augustine Queen Eleanor & the Calamitous Crusade Sylvia Rose Books The Reformation spreads across Europe , a great eruption long simmering below the surface. People embrace the idea of a direct and personal spiritual connection, free from the intermediaries and rituals imposed by the Catholic Church. READ: World of Alchemy: A Little History As Protestantism gains momentum it becomes a direct challenge to the established order of the Catholic Church, leading to confrontations and power struggles between adherents of the two faiths. Rulers and states align themselves with either the Catholic or Protestant cause. Alchemy & Astrology: Cosmic Connections Alkanet: Ancient Dye Magic & Medicine Lora Ley Adventures - Feast of Fools Sylvia Rose Books This desire for spiritual autonomy fuels dissent through the continent, leading to conflicts and upheavals that would come to define an era. The religious wars are not just about theology, but also power, politics and identity. One particularly brutal chapter in this ongoing struggle unfolds in France in the 16th century, a period marked by intense religious conflicts known as the French Wars of Religion (1562-1598). Catherine de' Medici, Queen of France, consults occultists and condemns Huguenots. Panacea: Goddess of Universal Health Catherine de' Medici & the Occult Medieval France: Peasants, Knights & Urbanites Sylvia Rose Books A group of Protestants, the Huguenots establish a Reform Church in France in the mid-16th century. They adhere to tenets of Calvinism, rejecting the need of the corrupt clergy to offer salvation through delivery of sacraments. In 1555 the Huguenot church in Paris is founded in a private home. Despite local animosity the Reformers increase. Finally the Protestant church at Paris summons the first assembly in May 1559, attended by 72 deputies representing all the provinces of the kingdom. Soul Perspectives: Pythagoras, Socrates, Plato Renaissance Apocalypse: End is Nigh Pope vs Alchemy 1317 AD: Falsification Sylvia Rose Books In April 1562, The Massacre of Vassy ignites the French Wars of Religion. Protestants seize control of Orléans and massacre Catholic residents. A riot in Toulouse causes deaths of c. 3,000 people, many of them Huguenots. The conflict persists until February 1563 when Francis, Duke of Guise, is killed by a Huguenot during a siege on Orléans . This prompts a ceasefire agreement, but not for long. Women of Alchemy: Anna Maria Zieglerin Woad, the People's Blue: Ancient Pigments Bernard Trevisan: Legends of Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books Orléans Cathedral (above) is a Catholic church in Orléans, France, residence of the Bishops. The cathedral is built 1278 - 1329. It's badly damaged in 1568 by Huguenots amid the French Wars of Religion, and reconstructed from 1601 to 1829. The French Wars of Religion are characterized by a series of armed conflicts, political intrigues, and power struggles, all intertwined with religious fervor and sectarian strife. The struggle for control leads to devastating conflict. Elixir Vitae: Giambattista della Porta Pill of Immortality: Chinese Alchemy Guelphs & Ghibellines: Blood of the Renaissance Sylvia Rose Books The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre by Catholics begins 24 August 1572 and lasts over two months. Between 5,000 and 25,000 people are killed. It was said to be encouraged by the Catholic Queen of France Catherine de' Medici. The Religious Wars left a lasting legacy of trauma, division, and distrust that would shape the course of European history for centuries to come, highlighting the destructive power of fanaticism and the enduring quest for peace and reconciliation. Smelting Metals: Metalwork & Alchemy Quest for Immortality - Qin Shi Huang Hashamili - Metal Work & Smith God Sylvia Rose Books Europe is torn apart as rulers align with either the Catholic Church or the Reformers, using religion to consolidate their authority and influence. The Reformation becomes a battleground for competing visions of society, political and even personal grievances. Subsequent conflicts, such as the Thirty Years' War, are devastating in scope and impact. Fought across multiple fronts, involving numerous states and factions, these aggressions leave destruction and collapse in their wake. Great Women of Renaissance Alchemy Verdigris: Volatile Blue Green Pigment Alchemy, Demons & the Roman Inquisition However, these wars reverberate beyond the religious realm. New ideas about governance, individual rights, and the role of religion in society come to the fore, laying the groundwork for the Enlightenment and the eventual emergence of modern secular states. Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Jean de Roquetaillade (1310 - 1370 AD) or John of Rupescissa is a prominent figure in medieval France. A fiery Franciscan friar, alchemist and eschatologist, Roquetaillade is known for his work in alchemy and theology. READ: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Renaissance Apocalypse: End is Nigh Women of Alchemy: Anna Maria Zieglerin Soul Perspectives: Pythagoras, Socrates, Plato Sylvia Rose Books His alchemical pursuits are entwined with Franciscan ascetic spiritual beliefs and the thunderous doomsday voice of prophecy. He targets corruption in the Church. At the same time he works to create a unique blend of science and religion. A study of the End of Days, eschatology centers on concepts such as Apocalypse, death, judgment, the ultimate fate of the soul and humanity as a whole. Believers seek insight into the existential concerns of humanity, and the ultimate purpose of existence.   Golden Ages of Alchemy: Renaissance Classic Elements & Concept of the One Chrysopoeia - Turning Lead into Gold Sylvia Rose Books Christian eschatology explores belief systems concerning final destiny of the soul and the end of the world as outlined in Christian theology. The Four Last Things, the Last Four or " quattuor novissima " have a central role in the structure. READ: World of Alchemy: A Little History These four components - Death, Judgment, Heaven, and Hell - are seen as culmination of the soul's voyage through life and into the afterlife. Death, the initial of the Four Last Things, signifies the conclusion of earthly life and passage to the subsequent stage of being. John Dee - Talking to Angels Medieval France: Peasants, Knights & Urbanites Romanesque - Magic of Light & Stone Sylvia Rose Books Aspects include societal collapse, human extinction and other final events in human history. The term eschatology comes from Greek eskhatos  'last'. It first appears in the 19th century, when the human desire to label things reaches academic peaks. Apocalypticism itself is a facet of eschatology, concerned with the Book of Revelation which prophesizes total destruction and devastation of the earth and the people who remain on it at the end of that time; and the beginning of the thousand year reign of Jesus Christ. Colors of Alchemy: Black Nigredo Putrefaction Aristotle: Intellect & Psyche the Soul Christine de Pizan: Medieval Writings Sylvia Rose Books After studying philosophy for five years in Toulouse, he joins the Franciscan monastery in Aurillac, south central France. There he continues his studies for five more years. Distillation experiments lead to discovery of what he calls aqua vitæ , Water of Life or quinta essentia , In France as well as Italy alchemy is welcomed by the nuns and friars. Convents and monasteries, terms often interchangeable in medieval times, do their alchemical work for the benefit of humankind, in medicines or longevity elixirs. Women Scientists of the Ancient World Azoth: Divine Substance of Alchemy Phosphorus, Uroscopy & Power of Pee Sylvia Rose Books Roquetaillade promotes his aqua vitae , ascribing to it unparalleled healing properties. In the realm of alchemy, the pursuit of a universal remedy or panacea is a central aspiration. This mystical elixir is a promise of hope in a world rife of suffering and uncertainty. . However, his predictions and outspoken criticism of church misconduct arouse enmity of superiors, and he's confined in a local Franciscan convent. There he continues his writings. Edward Kelley: Alchemy & the Angels Alchemy, Demons & the Roman Inquisition Hair Loss: 9 Natural Cures of Physician Dioscorides Sylvia Rose Books While being transferred from one convent to another in 1349, he manages to reach Avignon, the seat of the Papacy, and appeal to Pope Clement VI. While there he writes Visiones seu revelationes in 1349, followed by Vade Mecum in tribulatione and Liber Ostensor in 1356. In 1356, Jean de Roquetaillade addresses the future of the papacy through his two principle works. The Liber ostensor quod adesse festinant tempora is a comprehensive piece of scholarly work analyzing medieval prophetic texts. 3 More Great German Artists Four Humors & Medical Stagnation Allegory of the Cave: Vision and Truth Sylvia Rose Books In this treatise, Roquetaillade gives detailed interpretations of prophecies found in ancient writings. He offers unique insights appealing to scholars and theologians. The Vade mecum in tribulatione emerges as a concise yet powerful summary of Roquetaillade's divine vision. Despite its brevity, this work increases his influence in France and the rest of Europe. The printing press doesn't appear until 1454. Books are handmade, painted or otherwise illustrated and bound in a codex, the book format used by today's literary system. Elixir Vitae: Giambattista della Porta George Ripley: Alchemist of Augustine Great Women of Renaissance Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books Medieval churches, social and intellectual circles circulate manuscripts. Members write commentaries, which themselves pass around. Texts are translated, especially in convents due to literacy rates. Many works lost in time are known due to commentaries and/or translations. Central to Roquetaillade's narrative is the concept of a future Franciscan pope, known as the reparator (renewer, restorer). He is to be the embodiment of the "angel pope" inspired by spiritual Franciscan ideals. Lammašaga: Sumerian Angel Goddess Natural Health: Paracelsus & Hermetic Principles Alkahest: Panacea & Solvent Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books The election of this enigmatic figure is thought to bring about the dawn of enlightenment in religion. Roquetaillade describes this time as characterized by a harmonious relationship between the papacy and secular powers. This integral interaction provides a period of restoration and collaboration before the ominous ascent of the Antichrist. While incarcerated, Roquetaillade dedicates a substantial portion of time expounding on this pivotal theme. Alchemy, Demons & the Roman Inquisition Leucosis, the Pallor: Spiritual Alchemy Theriac: Miracle Snake Venom Potion Sylvia Rose Books Roquetaillade's writings emphasize a shift in the leadership of the Church. He says leadership of the Church will be “taken away from wicked prelates” and assumed by holy men of the Franciscan Order. The Franciscan ideals of simplicity, poverty, and compassion are the essential qualities needed for those in positions of leadership within the Church. The anticipated transfer of power drives the cycle of renewal and reform within the Church. Pill of Immortality: Chinese Alchemy Alkanet: Ancient Dye Magic & Medicine Astrology & Astronomy Ancient Origins Sylvia Rose Books The narrative of moving from corruption to virtue, from self-interest to service, resonates with a broader call for authenticity and accountability in spiritual leadership. People support a return to core values. The Liber ostensor and Vade mecum give an idea of the extensive body of work he produces on this subject. Through these writings, Roquetaillade's legacy endures. Other alchemical friars include Roger Bacon , Albertus Magnus , George Ripley and Tommaso d'Eremita. Albertus Magnus: Alchemy, Arsenic, Astrology George Ripley: Alchemist of Augustine Immortal - Quest for the Elixir of Life Among his other works are commentaries on the Oraculum Cyrilli , the recently discovered Sexdequiloquium , and numerous other lost treatises and interpretations of various prophecies. Jean de Roquetaillade dies c.1370 in Avignon. Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Rosicrucianism is the study or following of a movement based in Renaissance thought, popular in the 17th century. Rosicrucians explore alchemy, chemistry, natural magic, philosophy, mathematics and arts in search of ancient wisdom. Natural Magic of the Renaissance Women Scientists of the Ancient World Depth Psychology: Search for Meaning Sylvia Rose Books The quest for Rosicrucianism in the Renaissance is an arduous one. In the beginning, two anonymous, cryptic works appear. These claim the Order of the "Rose-Croix" has kept great esoteric knowledge a secret until the intellectual climate is ready to receive it. Among the philosophers of the Renaissance, the most brilliant minds of the time are intrigued. As occult texts, first one then the other make the rounds of intellectual circles. As is the norm among philosophers, several vent opinions about it. Pope vs Alchemy 1317 AD: Falsification Islamic Alchemy: Abu Bakr al-Razi Alchemy and the Art of Gold-Making Sylvia Rose Books The manifestos quickly disseminate across Europe. The Fama Fraternitatis Rosae Crucis  (The Fame of the Brotherhood of the Rosy Cross) is known since 1610. Passed around the circles of German mystics, it's finally published in 1614. The text recounts teachings of "Father Brother CRC" and his establishment of a secret society of illuminati. The second manifesto, Confessio Fraternitatis (The Confession of the Brotherhood of RC), is released in Frankfurt in 1615. Democritus - Atomic Theory 400 BCE Collective Unconscious: Seeking the Whole Zodiac Alchemy - Metals & Planets Sylvia Rose Books It addresses misconceptions and critiques while expanding on the original content, especially the premise of hidden knowledge. The manifestos give reference to the Qabalah, Hermeticism, alchemy, and Christian mysticism. These are the precise areas of study fervently pursued by intellectuals of the Renaissance era. The works become foundational texts of the Rosicrucian movement. It's a completely male-oriented persuasion until the 1950s. Anima Mundi: Soul of the World Spiritual Alchemy: Cupellation Process Allegory of the Cave: Vision and Truth Sylvia Rose Books Many people are intrigued by the vision of a "universal reformation of mankind" through a science rooted in ancient esoteric wisdom. Rosicrucianism is believed to offer insights into nature, the cosmos, and the spiritual realm. Dropping these tidbits into the laps of Renaissance philosophers is like Greek Eris, deity of discord, dropping her golden apple marked "to the fairest" in front of the vain goddesses. Everybody wants it. Desire for the apple even causes the Trojan War. Agathodaemon: Fire, Silver & Alchemy Psychology: the Personal Unconscious Spagyria: Botanical Science of Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books People like Michael Maier (1568 - 1622) and Robert Fludd ( 1574 - 1637) are defenders of Rosicrucianism, although there is nothing to defend but ideas. Until the first a resurgence of thought in the 1700s an actual organization or order does not exist. German theologian Johannes Valentinus Andreae is a possible author of at least one of the original manifestos. Andreae is a prominent member of the German Protestant utopian movement. The movement focusses on science as the key to national prosperity. Robert Fludd & Renaissance Medicine Michael Maier: Rosicrucians, Art & Alchemy Alchemy & Astrology: Cosmic Connections Sylvia Rose Books He also claims authorship of a text Chymische Hochzeit Christiani Rosencreutz anno 1459  (pub. 1616, Strasbourg; English, Chymical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz 1459 ). Whether or not he did, his name gains some fame attached to the idea. During the Renaissance, the concept of the "Invisible College" grows among intellectuals. It's mentioned in German Rosicrucian pamphlets in the early 17th century, and later in London. The art below is both delightful and symbolic. Colors of Alchemy: Black Nigredo Putrefaction Chrysopoeia - Turning Lead into Gold Khaos: Primal Goddess of Greek Myth Sylvia Rose Books These are groups connected by modes of thought rather than a physical location, though they might meet for pub night on Fridays. In London an "invisible college" turns into a visible one with the founding of the Royal Society by Charles II in 1660. Rosicrucianism goes in and out of style. A member of the Royal Society, Isaac Newton, is accused of being "a Rosicrucian" due to his alchemical studies. Through history a few more orders appear as Rosicrucian revivals or continuations. Sylvia Rose Books The Order of the Golden and Rosy Cross is founded as a German Rosicrucian organization in the 1750s by Freemason and alchemist Hermann Fictuld. It's open only to Master Masons. King of Prussia Friedrich Wilhelm II is a Mason by inheritance. He joins the Order. By the 1770s, the order has centers in Berlin, Hamburg, Frankfurt am Main, Regensburg, Munich, Vienna, Prague, Poland, Hungary, and Russia. The name is from a 1710 publication, The perfect and true preparation of the Philosophers Stone according to the secret of the Brotherhoods of the Golden and Rosy Cross . Soul Perspectives: Pythagoras, Socrates, Plato Glass & Arts of Ancient Glass Making Shennong Primordial Farmer & Healer Sylvia Rose Books After the 1797 death of Prussian King Wilhelm II, an enthusiastic member, interest declines. Society moves to new trends. Rosicrucianism becomes a brick-and-mortar organized religion in the 20th century, and Christian Rosenkreuz is still a testament to human credulity. 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Medieval France sees many changes in the turmoil of war, plague, mad royals and the birth of the Inquisition. A precisely defined social structure is shaken and powers are turned upside down, amid one of the country's greatest cultural flowerings. Romanesque - Magic of Light & Stone Woad, the People's Blue: Ancient Pigments Verdigris: Volatile Blue Green Pigment Sylvia Rose Books In medieval France (c. 814 - 1450) peasants make up the majority of the population, between 80 to 90%. Distinctions between free and unfree peasants, as well as between tenants and peasant landowners originate in the earlier Roman and Merovingian periods. A growing health concern is malaria , spreading in the 6th-9th centuries. Romans believe it to come from swamp fumes. During the Middle Ages, treatments for malaria include blood-letting, induced vomiting, amputations, and trepanation, drilling a hole in the patient's skull. Urine in Medieval Alchemy & Medicine Neolithic Skull Cults & Ritual Skulls Malaria: Roman Fever & Renaissance Plague Sylvia Rose Books Physicians and surgeons use herbal medicines like belladonna and henbane for pain relief in patients. Like the later Black Death, malaria affects poor and rich, man and woman, young and old alike, and plays no favorites. Throughout the centuries malaria is always lurking. The concept of serfdom grows prevalent, eroding distinction between unfree and free tenants. From the mid-8th century onwards, particularly in the northern regions, the relationship between peasants and land transitions into a bipartite estate system or manorialism. Ancient Grains: Wheat, Barley, Millet, Rice Rasayana: Alchemy & Health of India Milk & Dairy: Ancient Lactose Gene Sylvia Rose Books Under manorialism, the land is divided into manors, large agricultural estates owned by lords or nobles. Peasants of medieval Europe are dependent on their land and their lord. Education is needed for political influence. The wealth and power of nobles are demonstrated by luxuries, lavish lifestyles and the maintenance of loyal followers ( fideles  who swear allegiance to them). From the 9th century, military prowess is linked to social status. Anqi Sheng & the Elixir of Immortality Pill of Immortality: Chinese Alchemy Warrior Queen: Kriemhild of the Burgundians Sylvia Rose Books During the Carolingian era (800 - 887), the term "aristocracy" or Latin nobilis  did not have a precise legal definition. It's considered noble to own substantial land, have links to king and court, and receive titles and benefits such as count or duke. Between the late 9th and late 10th centuries, the noble class undergoes significant changes. Initially, focus shifts towards establishing strong regional land bases, gaining hereditary control over counties and duchies, and forming independent principalities. Song of the Loreley - Lethal Attraction Democritus - Atomic Theory 400 BCE Mandalas: Psychology & Art Therapy Sylvia Rose Books The traditional rights of free peasants, such as serving in royal armies and participating in public assemblies and law courts, are gradually lost between the 9th and 10th centuries. Peasants become increasingly dependent on nobles, churches and large landholders. From mid-8th century to 1000 AD aristocratic and monastic control over land rises at the expense of peasant landowners. After 1000, counties break down into smaller territories as minor lords seize control in the "feudal revolution", and take over various powers. Queen Eleanor & the Calamitous Crusade Romanesque - Magic of Light and Stone Nature Spirits of German Mythology Sylvia Rose Books Professional soldiers or milites , often part of the retinue of sworn lords, began to rise within the aristocracy, acquiring land, constructing private castles, and assuming judicial functions. This transformation leads to the emergence of a military noble class known as knights. Between the 10th and 11th centuries, urban development expands across the country, particularly along the northern coasts. New ports emerge and dukes and counts foster creation of towns. Guido Bonatti: Medieval Astrology Star Alchemy of Islam: Medieval Golden Age Alkahest: Panacea & Solvent Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books By 1025, the region north of the Loire River is dominated by six or seven virtually independent states. Social structure sees significant changes leading up to the 11th century. In some regions, growth centers around monastic sites, while in others, market towns with limited privileges are established by local lords. Communes, governing assemblies, begin to emerge in towns from the late 11th century onwards. Renaissance Astrology: Power of Stars & Planets Women of the Wild Hunt: Holle, Diana, Frigg Medicine in Ancient Egypt: Ebers Papyrus Sylvia Rose Books The Medieval Inquisition originates in12th-century France. It seeks to extinguish perceived religious deviations like apostasy, the abandonment or renunciation of religious faith; and heresy, belief or opinion contrary to orthodox religious doctrine. One hundred and fifty thousand people in Europe perish by the Inquisition in thirty years. Within forty years after the edict of Charles V against the Protestants, fifty thousand people are hanged, beheaded, or burned alive for heresy. Theriac: Miracle Snake Venom Potion Astrology & Astronomy Ancient Origins Alchemy: Science, Philosophy, Magic Sylvia Rose Books The French peasants are bound to the land, upon tenant holdings from a lord or monastery for which they pay rent. At the same time they're required to work the lord's demesne, an arrangement persisting until the 12th century. Urban networks extend through various regions, such as from Toulouse to Marseille along the Mediterranean coast and in the north with cities like Beauvais, Laon, Amiens. Market towns prosper and grow, many becoming free cities, as rural populations migrate to urban areas. Spagyria: Botanical Science of Alchemy Women Scientists of the Ancient World Emerald Tablet - Sacred Alchemy Text Sylvia Rose Books This era sees significant urban construction projects, including the expansion of city walls, the construction of Gothic cathedrals, urban fortresses, castles like Philip II Augustus' Louvre around 1200. It's also a good time to build bridges. France is central to a flourishing cultural scene from the 12th and 13th centuries, influencing much of western Europe. Romanesque shifts to Gothic art and architecture and universities are founded such as Paris (1150), Montpellier (1220), Toulouse (1229), and Orleans (1235). Azoth: Divine Substance of Alchemy Natural Magic of the Renaissance Malaria: Roman Fever & Renaissance Plague Sylvia Rose Books This time period's nicknamed "Renaissance of the 12th century." A rise in secular vernacular literature includes works like chanson de geste , chivalric romance, troubadour and trouvère poetry, and medieval music. In the mid-12th century, the Crown delegates its financial matters to the Knights Templar, who operate a banking facility in Paris. Consequently, the royal Treasury adopts a banking structure, facilitating the transfer of salaries and revenues across accounts. Poison Pigments of Painters: Renaissance Medici & Alchemy: Italian Renaissance Feast of Fools - A Lora Ley Adventure Sylvia Rose Books The Knights Templar are a French military order of the Catholic faith. Despite their alternate name, The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ, the Knights Templar are among the wealthiest and most popular military orders in Western Christianity. During the 13th and 14th centuries, significant urbanization occurs. Paris is the largest city in the realm and one of the largest in Europe, with a population exceeding 200,000. Rouen is second-largest city. Other major centers include Orléans, Bordeaux, Lyon, Dijon, and Reims. Orpiment - Painter's Golden Poison Alchemy: Processes Used by Alchemists Mad Honey - What's the Buzz? Sylvia Rose Books In the 14th century France is hit by a terrible plague. The Black Death holds the country in the grip of terror c.1347 - 1352. The bubonic plague pandemic arrives by ship from Italy to Marseille. It decimates the south of France, and then heads north. At the time, Clement VI, resides in Avignon. In 1317, due to the amount of counterfeit coinage in France, he denounces fraudulent claims of alchemists and passes a decree of penalties involved in falsifying precious metals anywhere the Catholic Church presides. Alchemy and the Art of Gold-Making Renaissance Apocalypse: End is Nigh Pope vs Alchemy 1317 AD: Falsification Sylvia Rose Books He also condemns Jewish persecutions during the Black Death, as well as the flagellants. King Philip VI of France orders the University of Paris to compile the Compendium de epidemia  due to the pandemic, a vast work on illness, causes and treatments. Charles VI takes the throne in 1380. He begins having major psychotic episodes in 1392, in his twenties. He attacks his retinue thinking them enemies. He has phases of violence and forgetfulness, storming through the castle, or not knowing his wife or his own name. Ornithomancy - Prophecy by the Birds Fairy Rings, Moon & Nature Magic Alchemy: Red King & White Queen Sylvia Rose Books Despite this the French court goes through an intellectual, academic and literary flowering, already begun in the 13th century and gathering speed. In this environment the first female professional writer in France, Christine de Pizan , makes a powerful impression. An early feminist writer, Christine endears herself to Charles' wife, long-suffering Isabeau of Bavaria, Queen of France. By writing about Isabeau's accomplishments Christine raises the influence of women in medieval France. Christine de Pizan: Medieval Writings Elixir Vitae: Giambattista della Porta Naples Renaissance: Holy Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books In the medieval era, the king is expected to sustain himself from income generated by the "domaine royal", consisting of lands directly owned by him. In times of financial necessity, a special tax known as the taille could be enforced and gathered. This measure becomes more prevalent during the prolonged conflicts of the 14th - 15th centuries, leading to the establishment of a permanent taille in 1439. This decision allows Charles VII of France levy taxes to support a standing army amidst the Hundred Years' War. Phosphorus, Uroscopy & Power of Pee Writing in Letters of Gold: Ancient Alchemy Glass & Arts of Ancient Glass Making Sylvia Rose Books The economic and demographic challenges of the 14th and 15th centuries lead housing changes. Landlords begin offering serfs freedom in exchange for working abandoned lands. Ecclesiastical and royal authorities establish new "free cities". In 1431 Joan of Arc is put on trial by Bishop Pierre Cauchon on accusations of heresy, such as blasphemy by wearing men's clothes, acting upon demonic visions and refusing to submit her words and deeds to the judgment of the church. Golden Ages of Alchemy: Renaissance Caterina Sforza: Renaissance Alchemy Unus Mundus One World: Psychology Sylvia Rose Books Despite her influence in bringing Charles VII to the throne, and her championship of virtuous ideals, nineteen-year-old Joan is declared guilty and burned at the stake 30 May 1431. Joan is the patron saint of France and the greatest French martyr. By the end of the 15th century, serfdom has largely disappeared. Free peasants pay rent for their own lands, while the lord's demesne is cultivated by hired labor. Despite a newfound freedom this arrangement increases peasant vulnerability during economic instability. Rudolf II: Alchemy, Occult & Erotica Spiritual Magic - Numbers Three & Nine Ambrosia: Divine Nectar & Immortal Gods Sylvia Rose Books Landlords rent out their holdings for fixed rents, initially to their benefit. As time goes on, life becomes more expensive, and landlords find themselves under inflationary pressure. This opens the door to the practice of rent increase. The basic urban network of cities persists and grows into a system of regional hubs and capitals. Certain cities ae designated as bishoprics by the church, like Paris, Reims, Aix, Tours, Carcassonne, Narbonne, Auch, Albi, Bourges, and Lyon. Celandine: Plant Toxins & Medicine Immortal - Quest for the Elixir of Life Victorian Health: Sea Water Hydrotherapy Sylvia Rose Books Others are seats of local administrative power, such as Angers, Blois, Poitiers, and Toulouse. In many instances, cities like Poitiers held both episcopal and administrative authority. Catherine de Medici becomes Queen of France in 1559, incurring hostility as religious wars escalate. While medieval days progress into the heart of the Renaissance, religious conflicts provoke bloody battles between Huguenot Protestants and French Catholics 1562 - 1598. Catherine de' Medici & the Occult Mad Hatter's Disease: Mercury Madness Wolfsbane (Aconitum) Ancient Poisons Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Christine de Pizan or Pisan (Cristina da Pizzano) c.1364 - 1430 is an Italian-born French court writer during the reign of King Charles VI of France, considered one of the first feminist writers. After the death of her husband, Christine has to support her mother and children. READ: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Sweet Wormwood: Malaria Miracle Cure Guelphs & Ghibellines: Blood of the Renaissance Renaissance Apocalypse: End is Nigh Sylvia Rose Books She works through complex legal battles regarding her husband's estate. Her experience leads her into a career as a court writer for Charles VI (1388 - 1422) and the French royal family. By 1393, her love ballads beguile affluent patrons at court. King Charles is called "the Mad", because he is, but the French court is fertile ground for arts, philosophy and literature, arising from the cultural boom of the last two centuries. Cristina's writing talent blossoms, as does her handling of patronage during tumultuous politics. Ge Hong: Teachings Alchemy Medicine Cosimo de' Medici & the Italian Renaissance Hair Loss: 9 Natural Cures of Physician Dioscorides Sylvia Rose Books She's recognized as the first professional woman of letters in Europe. Unlike many writers of her time, Christine doesn't rely on one consistent patron. She establishes complex connections within different factions of the royal family, including Burgundy, Orleans and Berry. Among the earliest feminist writings, her extensive collection of work encompasses novels, poetry, biography and literary, historical, political, and religious criticisms. The most famous of her works are The Book of the City of Ladies  and The Treasure of the City of Ladies . Chrysopoeia - Turning Lead into Gold The Anxious Victorian - Mental Health Phosphorus: Element of Fatal Fascination Sylvia Rose Books Above: Illumination from The Book of the City of Ladies . Christine is shown before the personifications of Rectitude, Reason, and Justice in her study. She works alongside Justice to build the Cité des dames. Christine completes paid projects for various patrons and these are well circulated among the appreciative French nobility. She has to be versatile to adapt to the diverse interests of her clientele. Her works are illustrated by unknown artists. She employs at least one consistently. Alchemy: Metallurgy, Myths & Magic Vermilion - Scarlet Pigment of Death White Pigments of Ancient Artisans Sylvia Rose Books Medieval artists are very low on the status scale. If an artist paints a masterpiece it's the patron who gets recognition, for being wise enough to choose this artist. The anonymous illustrator of the Book of the City of Ladies  is called Master (Painter) of the City of Ladies . The illustrator of Christine's work could be a monk or nun. Many are skilled artists and me dieval art and architecture are centered on Christian theology. Illuminated manuscripts gain popularity at this time. Lead White & Minium Red: Colors to Die For Alchemy and the Art of Gold-Making Queen Eleanor & the Calamitous Crusade Sylvia Rose Books Illuminated manuscripts are hand-written books on parchment. Illustrations and painted decorations incorporate precious metals like  gold  or silver . Illuminated manuscripts are made c. 1100 - 1600, mainly in convents and monasteries. READ: World of Alchemy: A Little History Despite Venetian origins Cristina is enamored of the French court, having emotional and financial ties with the French royal family. Her dedication to Queen Isabeau as well as Louis I, Duke of Orléans, and Marie of Berry is clear in her early ballads. Amazons - Warrior Women History & Myth Argyropoeia: Silver Making of Ancients Writing in Letters of Gold: Ancient Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books The reign of Charles VI of France (r. 1380 - 1422) is marred by a series of royal mental breakdowns beginning in 1392. The king's episodes of delirium plunge the French monarchy into a leadership crisis. Charles is often away from court. Due to mental instability he cannot make decisions without approval of the royal council. On a war path, he kills several of his retinue thinking they're the enemy. Sometimes he doesn't remember his own name or recognize his wife and children. Folk Magic: Fly Agaric (Amanita muscaria) Four Humors & Medical Stagnation Yliaster: Quest for the Magnum Opus Sylvia Rose Books During her husband's absence from court, Queen Isabeau is officially responsible for governance. She faces the difficulties of resolving conflicts within the royal family. Praising the virtues of women in her literature, Christine dedicates her writings to Queen Isabeau. In doing so she helps empower the queen. The description of Queen Isabeau in 1402 as a "High, excellent crowned Queen of France, very redoubtable princess, powerful lady, born at a lucky hour" captures the reverence given her position and political significance. Panacea: Goddess of Universal Health Psychology: Archetype of the Self Women of the Wild Hunt: Holle, Diana, Frigg Sylvia Rose Books This era marks a significant shift in patronage practices, moving from traditional continuous roll manuscripts to a more modern bound codex format. The French interest in commissioning books supports Christine's work and promotes the growth of literature in the late Middle Ages. The codex (plural: codices) is precursor to the modern book format. Most books today follow the codex structure, with pages stacked and bound along an edge. The term "codex" now refers to older manuscript books made of vellum, parchment, or papyrus instead of paper. Phosphorus, Uroscopy & Power of Pee Orpiment - Painter's Golden Poison Alchemy: Processes Used by Alchemists Sylvia Rose Books She creates the writings while in service of John the Fearless of Burgundy. Her guidance books for royals and knights, such as the Epistle of Orthea, are popular into the 16th century. Cristina's literary skills challenge traditional gender roles, and advocate education of women. The majority of the French population speaks various vernacular languages derived from vulgar Latin, the common spoken language of the Western Roman Empire. In the Middle Ages and Renaissance, a small number of women can read and write in Latin. Casting the Bones - Astragalomancy Alkahest: Panacea & Solvent Alchemy Spagyria: Botanical Science of Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books Others gain a proficiency in vernacular languages like French or German. However, most women lack literacy skills. During the Middle Ages in Europe, it's estimated 10% of men and 1% of women are literate. The majority of men strongly oppose the notion of female literacy. Among women, nuns are most likely to be literate as they're expected to learn scriptures. Women teach themselves to read, aided by the popularity of the printing press and books in vernacular. German Myth - Harvest Spirits Lead: Death Metal of Metallurgy Rhinestones: Treasures of the Rhine Sylvia Rose Books Literacy creates libraries and knowledge encourages the practices such arts as alchemy in convents and monasteries throughout medieval Europe. Friars Roger Bacon and Albertus Magnus are especially influential. In Italy, Naples has its own mini-Renaissance. Through her writings, Christine addresses societal issues such as misogyny, gender inequality, and the importance of women's intellectual capabilities. Her works record the cultural and political landscape of medieval France and provide a voice for women in patriarchal society. Women of Alchemy: Anna Maria Zieglerin Alchemy of Islam: Medieval Golden Age Naples Renaissance: Holy Alchemy Christine de Pizan is a key figure in the intellectual circles of her time. Her legacy as a pioneering female writer continues to inspire feminist scholars. Her works give a glimpse into medieval daily life while exploring the complexities of gender, power and society. Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Tellurium is the Latin word for earth. A brittle, non-malleable silvery white metalloid, tellurium (Te) is a rare element having both physical and spiritual properties. Tellurium easily forms compounds with gold (Au), and may have potential for dark matter. READ: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy Myth & Metallurgy - Metals of Antiquity Alchemy: Metallurgy, Myths & Magic Gold - Precious Metal of the Sun Sylvia Rose Books While tellurium can be found in its elemental form, it's more common in the form of gold tellurides or alloys such as calaverite and krennerite. Gold often manifests in pure form. When in a compound, it's commonly with silver , quartz, calcite, lead, tellurium, zinc or copper . A metalloid element, tellurium has a highly metallic silvery-white appearance. It's extremely brittle and shows no reactivity towards water and some acids, but does react with air. It's often found with gold. Magic Metals, Gold, Smiths & Alchemists Alchemy: Science, Philosophy, Magic Smelting Metals: Metalwork & Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books Ignited in air or oxygen, tellurium converts into tellurium dioxide (TeO2) and burns with a blue-green flame. While hydrochloric acid has no effect on it, nitric acid or aqua regia (alchemical royal water) can oxidize tellurium to form tellurous acid (H2TeO3). READ: World of Alchemy: A Little History Recently, physicists and materials scientists have discovered unique quantum characteristics. These appear in layered compounds made of tellurium combined with rare-earth elements, such as yttrium (Y). Elixir Vitae: Giambattista della Porta Smelting Metals: Metalwork & Alchemy Pill of Immortality: Chinese Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books These exhibit a two-dimensional nature in an orthorhombic crystal structure. Orthorhombic is one of the seven crystal systems of gemology. At its most basic it's a cube. Tellurium manifests in two varieties of two-dimensional configuration. Its two dimensional layered configuration tellurium is believed responsible for quantum characteristics like charge-density waves, high carrier mobility, superconductivity under specific conditions, and other unique properties. Silver - Queen of Precious Metals Alchemy: Metallurgy, Myths & Magic Wine God Liber: Liberty & Liberal Libation Sylvia Rose Books Discovery of tellurium-bearing compounds happens in 1782, in a Transylvanian gold mine of today's Romania. Its name comes from Latin tellus  or 'earth'. It has a low melting poin t (449.51 °C, ​841.12 °F). Molten tellurium is corrosive to copper, iron and stainless steel. Mine inspector Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein examines what he thinks is antimony, but lacking the same properties. Unable to identify the metal after three years of testing, Müller calls it aurum paradoxum  (paradoxical gold) and metallum problematicum  (problem metal). Roger Bacon: Medieval Science & Alchemy Elixir Vitae: Giambattista della Porta Guelphs & Ghibellines: Blood of the Renaissance Sylvia Rose Books Tellurium is chemically related to selenium and sulfur. All three are chalcogens (ie: in the oxygen family). Found in its native form as elemental crystals tellurium is more common in the Universe as a whole than on Earth. Its rarity in the Earth's crust, comparable to that of platinum, is due partly to its formation of a volatile hydride, or hydrogen compound. This causes tellurium to become a gas. Much is lost to space during the hot nebular formation of Earth. George Ripley: Alchemist of Augustine Guido Bonatti: Medieval Astrology Star Natural Magic of the Renaissance Sylvia Rose Books If heated, the metal releases white smoke with a radish-like smell. It gives a red hue to sulfuric acid. On dilution with water it forms a black precipitate. When tellurium is oxidized it makes beautiful golden yellow crystals like the one below. Spiritually, tellurium relates to focus, creativity, releasing unwanted feelings and emotion-driven thoughts. Metal has more wealth-drawing properties while crystals have more health-drawing properties. Mildly toxic, tellurium and its manifestations must be handled with care. Black Pigments of Ancient Artisans Yliaster: Quest for the Magnum Opus Belsnickel - German Yule Ghoul Sylvia Rose Books Exposure can cause: headache fatigue dizziness drowsiness weakness Repeated exposure can cause garlic odor on breath body odor nausea vomiting loss of appetite upset stomach metallic taste irritability. Democritus - Atomic Theory 400 BCE Naples Renaissance: Holy Alchemy Ge Hong: Teachings Alchemy Medicine Sylvia Rose Books In 2022, physicists at Boston College lead an international team to discover a new axial mode of a Higgs-like particle. This mode shows its magnetic properties and potential as dark matter. Dark matter, unlike regular matter, doesn't respond to electromagnetic force. Thus it doesn't absorb, reflect or emit light, making it exceptionally hard to detect. Scientists have deduced the presence of dark matter solely from its gravitational influence on observable matter. Guido Bonatti: Medieval Astrology Star Natural Health: Paracelsus & Hermetic Principles Alkahest: Panacea & Solvent Alchemy Sylvia Rose Books Alloys commonly include tellurium to increase machinability, particularly in combination with copper and stainless steel. Its addition to lead and other metals enhances resistance to acids while also boosting strength and hardness. Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top

Woad ( Isatis tinctoria ) is a plant yielding a blue pigment used in dyes, paint and medicine. A member of the mustard family, it's also called Asp of Jerusalem. Flowers are bright yellow. The leaves of the plant produce the blue dye. Red Madder: Organic Ancient Colors Prussian Blue - Delight of Artists & Poisoners Lead White & Minium Red: Colors to Die For Sylvia Rose Books Both the plant and blue pigment are called woad. It's native to the Caucasus, central and western Asia and the steppe, and has been naturalized throughout Europe and North America. Known at least since Neolithic times, woad is found in a cave burial in France, along with a vessel of kermes red . Woad seeds have been found in the cave of l'Audoste, Bouches-du-Rhône, France. Kermes Insect & Ancient Red Pigments Mercury (Quicksilver): Miracle Metal of Alchemy Alchemy: Science, Philosophy, Magic Sylvia Rose Books Impressions of seeds of Färberwaid (Isatis tinctoria L.) or German indigo have been found on pottery in the Iron Age settlement of Heuneburg, Germany. The Hallstatt burials of the Hochdorf Chieftain's Grave and Hohmichele contain textiles dyed with woad. One of the early dyes discovered by the ancient Egyptians is presumed to be "blue woad ( Isatis tinctoria )." Expert Rosiland Hall states the ancient Egyptians create their blue dye "by using indigotin, otherwise known as woad." Egyptian Blue - First Synthetic Color Baltic Amber - Gold of the North Cleopatra the Alchemist of Greece Sylvia Rose Books Celtic blue is a shade is known as glas celtig in Welsh, or gorm ceilteach in Irish language and Scottish Gaelic. Julius Caesar reports the Britanni color their bodies blue with vitrum , a word that means primarily 'glass', but also the domestic name for the woad. Woad is an important dye in much of Europe during the medieval period. It's one of the three prominent pigments of the European dyeing industry, along with weld (yellow) and madder (red). Shamhat: Sacred Prostitute & the Wild Man Women of the Wild Hunt: Holle, Diana, Frigg Queen Eleanor & the Calamitous Crusade Sylvia Rose Books In York , UK, a Viking Age dye shop with remains of both woad and madder have been excavated, dating to the 10th century AD. In medieval times, centers of woad cultivation arise in England, Germany, Italy, Normandy , Brittany and Languedoc in France. The French area of the Lauragais is becomes the biggest producer of woad ( pastel ). One writer comments "woad […] hath made that country the happiest and richest in Europe." Eye of Ra Egypt - Wrath of the Woman Romanesque - Magic of Light & Stone Architect Gods & Building in Mesopotamia Sylvia Rose Books To extract woad, a maker gathers leaves from the bottom of the plants. She shreds and steeps them in water at 80°C (176°F) for 10 min. It must cool quickly; one way is by placing the pot in a bin of ice. Dye is extracted by squeezing the leaves, which are then discarded. Soda ash is dissolved in hot water. It's added when the woad mixture cools to 50 °C (122°F) and aerated by whisking about 10 min. The solution is dark green. Woad pigment settles to the bottom. The liquid is removed and the pigment allowed to dry. Butter - Food of Peasants & Barbarians Ephedra - Oldest Medical Stimulant Herb Figs - Food of the Ancient World Sylvia Rose Books To dye with woad, fermented urine is a popular medieval mordant. The dye chemical further extracted from woad is indigo . It's the same dye extracted from "true indigo", Indigofera tinctoria , but in lower concentration. After 1498 AD, traders import indigo from Asia. Some regions pass laws to protect the woad industry from competition by indigo trade. Rumors claim imported indigo causes yarn rot. In France, Henry IV , in an edict of 1609, forbids on pain of death use of "the false and pernicious Indian drug". Urine in Medieval Alchemy & Medicine Alchemy: Processes Used by Alchemists Feast of Fools - A Lora Ley Adventure Sylvia Rose Books The woad plant's roots are used in traditional Chinese medicine to make banlangen ( bǎnlán'gēn 板蓝根 ), an antiviral treatment. Banlangen is taken as herbal medicinal tea in China for colds, throat and tonsil ailments. As tea, it's brownish and mildly sweet. With synthesis of both woad and indigo pigment in the 20th century, the woad dye industries collapse. People with modern experience using woad as tattoo pigment claim it doesn't work well. The ink pigment is caustic when injected and scars the skin. After the Ice Age - Neolithic Builders Soap & Medicine Herb of Ancients Sun God of Heaven - Hittite Solar Deity Woad is biodegradable and safe in the environment. In Germany, it's tested for use protecting wood from decay without dangerous chemicals. In the UK, u se of woad is increasing in inks and dyes. Textile artists also work with natural woad. Sylvia Rose Books Non-Fiction Books: World of Alchemy: Spiritual Alchemy World of Alchemy: A Little History Fiction Books: READ: Lora Ley Adventures  - Germanic Mythology Fiction Series READ: Reiker For Hire  - Victorian Detective Murder Mysteries Back to Top